Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

The effect of tilt angle and orientation of solar surface on solar rooftop miniature system in Bengkulu University

  • Original Research
  • Published:
International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The rooftop solar photovoltaic system is one of the potential methods vastly adopted to harness the abundant solar energy and to overcome land limitation. In our previous study, the rooftop solar energy potential has been investigated with a case study of buildings in the University of Bengkulu using drone technology. The estimation results of the study show that all buildings have the potential to be developed as the installation area of solar panels. Moreover, the optimum solar harvest is affected by the inclination of the rooftop. However, the results obtained were estimated power under ideal conditions. Therefore, in this research, the solar mapping potential results were examined using solar panels and current sensors. In the measurement system, the ability of the system to harvest solar energy was evaluated by placing a solar panel on miniature buildings. The placement of the solar panels was adjusted relative to the inclination and orientation of the building rooftop. This experiment was carried out for 24 h to obtain the optimum value for each tilt of the rooftop and orientation of the solar panel surface. The examination results show that the energy harvesting capacity of each solar panel is strongly influenced by the inclination of the rooftop and the orientation of the solar panel surface towards the sun. Solar panels with a smaller tilt angle are able to produce larger average power. Furthermore, the cloud coverage also affects the performance of solar panels in produce electricity.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Mehleri, E.D., Zervas, P.L., Sarimveis, H., Palyvos, J.A., Markatos, N.C.: Determination of the optimal tilt angle and orientation for solar photovoltaic arrays. Renew. Energy. 35, 2468–2475 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2010.03.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Kouhestani, F.M., Byrne, J., Dan, J., Spencer, L., Hazendonk, P.: Evaluating solar energy technical and economic potential on rooftops in an urban setting: the city of Lethbridge, Canada. Int. J. Energy Environ. Eng. 10, 13–32 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40095-018-0289-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Wiginton, L.K., Nguyen, H.T., Pearce, J.M.: Computers, environment and urban systems quantifying rooftop solar photovoltaic potential for regional renewable energy policy. Comput. Environ. Urban Syst. 34, 345–357 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2010.01.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Li, D.H.W., Lam, T.N.T.: Determining the optimum tilt angle and orientation for solar energy collection based on measured solar radiance data. Int. J. Photoenergy (2007). https://doi.org/10.1155/2007/85402

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Laveyne, J.I., Bozalakov, D., Van Eetvelde, G., Vandevelde, L.: Impact of solar panel orientation on the integration of solar energy in low-voltage distribution grids. Int. J. Photoenergy (2020). https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2412780

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Ogundimu, E.O., Akinlabi, E.T., Mgbemene, C.A.: Maximizing the output power harvest of a Pv panel: a critical review. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1378/3/032054

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Akpolat, A.N., Dursun, E., Kuzucuoğlu, A.E., Yang, Y., Blaabjerg, F., Baba, A.F.: Performance analysis of a Grid-connected rooftop solar photovoltaic system. Electronics (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8080905

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Oh, M., Park, H.-D.: Optimization of solar panel orientation considering temporal volatility and scenario-based photovoltaic potential: a case study in Seoul National University. Energies 12, 3262 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/en12173262

  9. Lazaroiu, G.C., Longo, M., Roscia, M., Pagano, M.: Comparative analysis of fixed and sun tracking low power PV systems considering energy consumption. Energy Convers. Manag. 92, 143–148 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.12.046

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Fath, K., Stengel, J., Sprenger, W., Rose, H., Schultmann, F., Kuhn, T.E.: A method for predicting the economic potential of (building-integrated) photovoltaics in urban areas based on hourly Radiance simulations. Sol. Energy 116, 357–370 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2015.03.023

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Bódis, K., Kougias, I., Jäger-waldau, A., Taylor, N., Szabó, S.: A high-resolution geospatial assessment of the rooftop solar photovoltaic potential in the European Union. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 114, 109309 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.109309

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Irwanto, M.: Solar irradiance and optimum tilt angle of photovoltaic module in Tanjung Indonesia. Int. J. Res. Adv. Eng. Technol. 1, 34–38 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Yu, C., Khoo, Y.S., Chai, J., Han, S., Yao, J.: Optimal orientation and tilt angle for maximizing in-plane solar irradiation for PV applications in Japan. Sustainability (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11072016

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Yadav, A.K., Chandel, S.S.: Tilt angle optimization to maximize incident solar radiation: a review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 23, 503–513 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.02.027

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Roux, W.G.L.: Optimum tilt and azimuth angles for fixed solar collectors in South Africa using measured data. Renew. Energy. 96, 603–612 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.05.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Hailu, G., Fung, A.S.: Optimum tilt angle and orientation of photovoltaic thermal system for application in Greater Toronto Area, Canada. Sustainability (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226443

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Khoo, Y.S., Nobre, A., Malhotra, R., Yang, D., Ruther, R., Reindl, T., Aberle, A.G.: Optimal orientation and tilt angle for maximizing in-plane solar irradiation for PV applications in Singapore. IEEE J. Photovoltaics 4, 647–653 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOTOV.2013.2292743

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Handoyo, E.A., Ichsani, D.: Prabowo: The optimal tilt angle of a solar collector. Phys. Procedia. 32, 166–175 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2013.05.022

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Jafarkazemi, F., Saadabadi, S.A.: Optimum tilt angle and orientation of solar surfaces in Abu Dhabi, UAE. Renew. Energy. 56, 44–49 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.10.036

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Hartner, M., Ortner, A., Hiesl, A., Haas, R.: East to west—the optimal tilt angle and orientation of photovoltaic panels from an electricity system perspective. Appl. Energy. 160, 94–107 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.08.097

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Al Garni, H.Z., Awasthi, A., Wright, D.: Optimal orientation angles for maximizing energy yield for solar PV in Saudi Arabia. Renew. Energy. 133, 538–550 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.10.048

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Chanchangi, Y.N., Ghosh, A., Sundaram, S., Mallick, T.K.: An analytical indoor experimental study on the effect of soiling on PV, focusing on dust properties and PV surface material. Sol. Energy. 203, 46–68 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.03.089

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Yan, R., Kumar, T., Meredith, P., Goodwin, S.: Analysis of yearlong performance of differently tilted photovoltaic systems in Brisbane. Aust. Energy Convers. Manag. 74, 102–108 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2013.05.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Jacobson, M.Z., Jadhav, V.: World estimates of PV optimal tilt angles and ratios of sunlight incident upon tilted and tracked PV panels relative to horizontal panels. Sol. Energy 169, 55–66 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.04.030

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Ye, Z., Nobre, A., Reindl, T., Luther, J., Reise, C.: On PV module temperatures in tropical regions. Sol. Energy 88, 80–87 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2012.11.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the University of Bengkulu, Indonesia through “Penelitian Unggulan UNIB” in the fiscal year 2020.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bengkulu, Jl. WR. Supratman, Kandang Limun, Bengkulu, Indonesia

    Elfi Yuliza, Lizalidiawati Lizalidiawati & Riska Ekawita

Authors
  1. Elfi Yuliza
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lizalidiawati Lizalidiawati
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Riska Ekawita
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Elfi Yuliza.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

This article is original. The corresponding author confirms that all of the authors have read and approved the manuscript and no conflict of interest involved.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yuliza, E., Lizalidiawati, L. & Ekawita, R. The effect of tilt angle and orientation of solar surface on solar rooftop miniature system in Bengkulu University. Int J Energy Environ Eng 12, 589–598 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40095-021-00390-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40095-021-00390-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation