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Self-care practice and glycemic Control among type 2 diabetes patients on follow up in a developing country: a prospective observational study

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Abstract

Purpose

The main goal of managing diabetes is to achieve glycemic control. However, the glycemic level of most diabetic patients is shown to be poorly controlled mainly due to poor adherence to self-care practices. This study aims to assess the level of self-care practice and glycemic control among type 2 diabetes patients on follow up in a resource limited country.

Methods

A four-month prospective observational study was conducted among type 2 diabetes patients from February 1 to May 30, 2021. Data was collected using a data abstraction checklist and structured questionnaire. The data was entered into Epidata version 4.4.6 and analyzed with SPSS version 26. Glycemic control and its predictors were determined using binary logistic regression. P-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results

A total of 138 patients were included in the study. Nearly three-fourths (74.6%) of patients had poor glycemic control and the majority of patients had poor self-care practice. 78.3%, 98.6%, 96.4%, and 55.8% of patients had poor adherence to diet, exercise, self-monitoring of blood glucose, and medications respectively. Importantly, 85(79%), 102(75%), 99(74.4%), and 65(84.4%) patients with poor adherence to diet, physical activity, self-monitoring of blood glucose, and antidiabetic medications had poor glycemic control. On multivariate logistic regression, BMI (AOR 4.1, CI:1.20–14.11, p = 0.024) and drug adherence (AOR 3.08, CI:1.22–7.08, p = 0.017) were factors associated with poor glycemic control.

Conclusions

A higher proportion of patients had low-level of self-care practice and poor glycemic control. This highlights the need to improve patients’ awareness about the importance of self-care practice to maintain good glycemic control and prevent adverse outcomes associated with the disease.

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Abbreviations

ADA:

American diabetic association

BMI:

Body mass index

DM:

Diabetic Mellitus

FBS:

Fasting blood sugar

IDF:

International Diabetic Federation

WHO:

World Health Organization

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Aman, Ethiopia

    Abinet Abebe, Yohannes Wobie & Bezie Kebede

  2. College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Midwifery, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Aman, Ethiopia

    Alemnew Wale

  3. Collège of Medicine and Health Science, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Aman, Ethiopia

    Alemnew Destaw

  4. College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Aman, Ethiopia

    Abyou Seyfu Ambaye

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  1. Abinet Abebe
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  2. Yohannes Wobie
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Contributions

All authors made a significant contribution in the conception, study design, execution, acquisition of data, analysis, and interpretation of the study reported, drafting, and editing of the final manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. All authors agree to take responsibility and be accountable for the contents of the article.

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Correspondence to Abinet Abebe.

Ethics declarations

Ethical consideration and consent to participate.

Letter of permission was obtained from the school of pharmacy (Reference number 038/2013), and official permission was obtained from the hospital clinical director before data collection begins. The patient’s written informed consent to participate in the study was obtained after a comprehensive explanation of the purpose of the study. Data collection was done anonymously by coding data collection formats using non-identifiable code. The study meets the ethical and scientific standards outlined in national and international guidelines.

Data sharing statement

The datasets used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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The authors report no competing interests in this work.

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Cite this article

Abebe, A., Wobie, Y., Kebede, B. et al. Self-care practice and glycemic Control among type 2 diabetes patients on follow up in a developing country: a prospective observational study. J Diabetes Metab Disord 21, 455–461 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-022-00995-4

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