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Electroencephalographic (EEG) alterations in young women with high subclinical eating pathology levels: a quantitative EEG study

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Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

To explore electroencephalographic (EEG) alterations in young women with different eating disorder (ED) psychopathology levels.

Methods

Thirty-seven young women completed general and ED psychopathology (i.e., the ED Examination Questionnaire; EDE-Q) measures. EEG power spectra data were investigated in two conditions: (a) 5 min of resting state (RS) and (b) 5 min of RS after a single taste of a milkshake (ML-RS). EEG analyses were performed using exact Low-Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography software (eLORETA).

Results

Cluster analysis performed on the EDE-Q responses revealed a group of 17 women with high levels of ED pathology falling into the subclinical (i.e., sub-threshold) EDs category and a group of 20 women with low levels of ED pathology (controls). In the RS conditions, no significant modifications were observed between groups. Compared to controls, women with subclinical EDs showed an increase in theta activity in the parieto-occipital areas in the ML-RS condition. After controlling for body mass index and general psychopathology, theta activity in these brain structures was positively associated with EDE-Q global and subscale (restraint, shape and weight concern) scores.

Conclusions

Our results may reflect the neurophysiological substrate of ED psychopathology core features like shape/weight concerns. Previous brain imaging and qEEG studies with full-syndrome ED patients also underscored the involvement of parieto-occipital areas in ED pathophysiology. These studies also found brain alterations in the RS condition, not observed here. This is notable given that full-syndrome and subclinical EDs are considered as different manifestations of the same disease along a severity spectrum.

Level of evidence

Level V, cross-sectional, electroencephalographic, descriptive study.

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Notes

  1. A recent, large Italian study has supported the discriminant validity of the EDE-Q and established a) a global EDE-Q score of 3.00 (sensitivity = 0.90, specificity = 0.90) as the optimal cut-off to accurately distinguish young women with DSM-5 full-syndrome EDs from healthy controls, and b) a global EDE-Q score of 1.98 (sensitivity = 0.96, specificity = 0.96) as the optimal cut-off to accurately distinguish young women with DSM-5 subclinical/sub-threshold EDs (i.e., atypical anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder of low frequency and/or limited duration) from healthy controls [65]. The EDE global score of our cluster-derived group of young women with high levels of ED pathology (Table 1) is above the identified cut-off for DSM-5 subclinical EDs and below the identified cut-off for DSM-5 full-syndrome EDs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Via degli Aldobrandeschi 190, 00163, Rome, Italy

    Claudio Imperatori, Chiara Massullo, Giuseppe Alessio Carbone & Benedetto Farina

  2. Department of Psychiatry, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST Monza, Via G. B. Pergolesi 33, 20900, Monza, Italy

    Fabrizia Colmegna, Ester Di Giacomo & Massimo Clerici

  3. Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy

    Ilaria Riboldi, Ester Di Giacomo, Massimo Clerici & Antonios Dakanalis

Authors
  1. Claudio Imperatori
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  2. Chiara Massullo
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  3. Giuseppe Alessio Carbone
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  4. Benedetto Farina
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  5. Fabrizia Colmegna
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  6. Ilaria Riboldi
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  7. Ester Di Giacomo
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  8. Massimo Clerici
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  9. Antonios Dakanalis
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Contributions

CI study design, data collection, data analysis, interpretation of results, manuscript writing; CM study design, data collection, interpretation of results; GAC data collection, data analysis, interpretation of results; BF study design, interpretation of results, supervision; FC data collection, data analysis, review of literature; IR data analysis, review of literature, manuscript editing; EDG data collection, manuscript editing, review of literature; MC study design, interpretation of results, supervision; AD study design, data analysis, interpretation of results, manuscript writing. All authors have approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Antonios Dakanalis.

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This research received no specific grant from any funding agency, commercial or not-for-profit sectors and the authors state that there is no conflict of interest.

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The study was performed in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008, and approved by the local ethics review board of the European University of Rome (Rome, Italy).

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All participants provided written informed consent.

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Imperatori, C., Massullo, C., Carbone, G.A. et al. Electroencephalographic (EEG) alterations in young women with high subclinical eating pathology levels: a quantitative EEG study. Eat Weight Disord 25, 1631–1642 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-019-00801-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-019-00801-w

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