Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

The Relevance of Spirituality and Corporate Social Responsibility in Management Education: Insights from Classical Indian Wisdom

  • Published:
Philosophy of Management Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this technology-driven Digital Age, Management Education is primarily engaged in development of skills and techno-economic competence of students with dominant thrust on sharpening their rational faculties and quantitative ability. Deeper questions and nobler qualittative issues like Spirituality, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Ethics are naturally assigned low priority in the rush for money, career, fame, power and position both at the individual and organizational levels. The present paper engages in a Qualitative Research by conducting Focus group Interviews among Participants (students) at the Undergraduate level who had taken up Management Education. After content analysis of the responses the authors highlight their observations on the existing gaps in prevailing management education leading to failure of the present system in charging the students with a deeper Meaning of Work and a higher Purpose of Life. The paper then delves into exploration in pertinent tenets of Classical Indian Wisdom (Upanishads or Vedanta and the Bhagavadgita) to enrich the spectrum of Management education with insights on Humanistic Philosophy, Holistic Learning, Enlightened CSR and Ethics, and Inspirational Leadership towards creating a better and more humane future for modern organizations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ackerman, R.W. 1973. How companies respond to social Demand’s. Harvard Business Review 51 (4): 88–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arora, B., and R. Puranik. 2004. A review of corporate social responsibility in India. Development 47 (3): 93–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Astin, A.W., and H. Astin. 2004. Spirituality development and the college experience (research report). Los Angeles: University of California, Higher Education Research Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnard, C.I. 1938. The functions of the executive. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell, E., and S. Taylor. 2004. From outward bound to inward bound: The prophetic voices and discourse practices of spiritual management development. Human Relations 57 (4): 439–466.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bennis, W.G. and O’Toole, J. May. 2005. ‘How business schools lost their way’, Harvard Business Review, Online Version.

  • Bhattacharjee, A., B. McKenna, and S. Ray. 2016. Preface. Philosophy of Management 15: 1–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Biberman, J.M, Whitty and. Robbins, I. 1999. ‘Lessons from Oz: Balance and wholeness in organizations’, Journal of Organizational Change Management, 12 (3), 243–253.

  • Bowen, H. 1953. Social responsibilities of the businessman. New York: Harper.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bromet, E.J., A. Dew, and D.K. Parkinson. 1990. Spillover between work and family: A study of blue collar working wives. In Stress between work and family, ed. J. Eckenrode and S. Gore, 133–151. New York/London: Plenum.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Buchholz, R. 1989. Fundamental concepts & problems in business ethics. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, A.B. 1999. Corporate Social Responsibility: Evolution of a Definitional Construct. Business and Society 38 (3): 268–295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cash, K.C., and George R. Grey. 2000. A framework for accommodating religion and spirituality in the workplace. Academy of Management Executive 14 (3): 124–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chakraborty, S.K. 1995. Ethics in management: Vedantic perspectives. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chatterjee, D. 1998. Leading consciously: A pilgrimage to self-mastery. New Delhi: Viva Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, J.M. 1939. Social Control of Business. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Colving. 2006. “The 100 Best Companies to Work”, Fortune, (1): pp-50.

  • Crane, F.G. 2004. The teaching of business ethics: An imperative at business schools. Journal of Education for Business 79 (3): 149–151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dent, E.B., M.E. Higgins, and D. Wharff. 2005. Spirituality and leadership: An empirical review of definitions, distinctions, and embedded assumptions. Leadership Quarterly 16 (5): 625.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunfee, T.W., and D.C. Robertson. 1988. Integrating ethics into the business school curriculum. Journal of Business Ethics 7: 847–859.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ejimabo, N.O. 2013. Understanding the impact of leadership in Nigeria: Its reality, challenges and perspectives. SAGE Open 3 (2): 1–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ejimabo, N.O 2015. An approach to understanding critical ethnographic paradigm in the qualitative research design. The Qualitative Report. Manuscript 2137.

  • Exupery, Antoine De Saint. 2005. The little prince. India: One world Book.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, J.W. 1999. Helps to fostering students spiritual health , Internation Journal of Childrens spirituality, 4 (1): 29-49.

  • Fitch, H.G. 1976. “Achieving corporate social responsibility”, Academy of Management Review, 1, pp-38–46.

  • Fredrickson, B.L., and M.F. Losada. 2005. Positive affect and the complex dynamics of human flourishing. American Psychologist 60: 678–686.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gambhirananda, Swami. 1958. Eight Upanishads with the commentary of Sri Sankaracarya. Vol. 1. Kolkata: AdvaitaAshrama.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghoshal, S. 2005. Bad management theories are destroying good management practices, Academy of Management Learning and Education, 4(1).

  • Giacalone, R. A, and Jurkiewicz, C.L. 2003, The interaction of materialist and post materialist values in predicting dimensions ofpersonal and social identity. Human Relations, 57, 1379–1405.

  • Gioia, D.A. 2002. Business education's role in the crisis of corporate confidence. Academy of Management Executive 16 (3): 142–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, J.M., A.K. Draper, and E.A. Dowler. 2003. Short cuts to safety: risk and ‘rules of thumb’ in accounts of food choice. Health, Risk and Society 5: 33–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hollenberg, K. 2008. “Ethics in the 21st Century: The Value of Positive Ethics,” Retrieved from: http://www.drury.edu/multinl/story.cfm?id=7565&nlid=166.

  • Ims, J.K., and L. Zsolnai. 2006. Business within limits: Deep ecology and Buddhist economics. Bern: Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaworski, J. 1998. Synchronicity: The inner path of leadership. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jurkiewicz, C.L., and R.A. Giacalone. 2004. A values framework for measuring the impact of workplace spirituality on organizational performance. Journal of Business Ethics 49 (2): 129–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kale, S.H. 2004. Spirituality, religion, and globalization. Journal of Macromarketing 24 (2): 92–107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karakas, F. 2009. New paradigms in organisational development in the 21st century :Positivity , Spirituality and Complexity , Organization Development Journal 27 (1): 11–26.

  • King, D.A., J.M. Lyness, P.R. Duberstein, H. He, X.M. Tu, and D.B. Seaburn. 2007. Religious involvement and depressive symptoms in primary care elders. Psychological Medicine 37 (12): 1807–1815.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klenke, K. 2003. The S Factor in Leadership Education, Practice, and Research. Journal of Education for Business 79 (1): 56–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Köllen, T. 2016. Reconceptualizing profit-orientation in management: A karmic view on ‘return on investment’ calculations. Philosophy of Management 15: 7–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kolodinsky, R.W., T.M. Madden, D.S. Zisk, and E.T. Henkel. 2010. Attitudes about Corporate Social Responsibility: Business Student Predictors. Journal of Business Ethics 91 (2): 167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kreps, T. J. 1940. Measurement of the social performance of business: In an investigation if concentration of economic power for the temporary National Economic Committee”, monograph NO.7. Washington: Government printing office.

  • Krueger, R.A., and M.A. Casey. 2000. Focus groups: A practical guide for applied research. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lydenberg, Steven D. 2005. Corporations and the public interest: Guiding the invisible hand. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc..

    Google Scholar 

  • Marques, J., S. Dhiman, and R. King. 2005. Spirituality in the workplace: Developing an integral model and a comprehensive definition. Journal of American Academy of Business 7: 81–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitroff, I., and E.A. Denton. 1999a. A study of spirituality in the workplace. Sloan Management Review 40 (4): 83–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitroff, I., and E. Denton. 1999b. A spiritual audit of corporate America: A hard look at spirituality, religion, and values in the workplace. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohan, A. 2001. Corporate citizenship: Perspectives from India. The Journal of Corporate Citizenship. 2: 107–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee, S.2008. ‘Igniting Spirit in Business: Indian Insights’ in Europe-Asia Dialogue on Business Spirituality, ed. Laszlo Zsolnai, , Antwerp, Garant Publishers.

  • Murray, E.A., Jr. 1976. The social response process in commercial banks: an empirical investigation. Academy of Management Review 1: 5–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murthy, S. 2006. “Wise &otherwise: A salute to life”, Penguin Books, India

  • Nichols, M. 1994. Does new age business have a message for managers? Harvard Business Review 72 (2): 52–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nur YA 2003).Management-by-virtues: A comparative study of spirituality in the workplace and its impact on selected organizational outcomes”, Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University.

  • Poulton, E., and L. Barnes. 2012. Corporate Social Responsibility: An Examination of Business Students' Perceptions of Spirituality. International Review of Business Research Paper 8 (4): 144–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Preston, L.E., and J.E. Post. 1975. Private management and public policy. The Principle of Public Responsibility. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pruzan, P., K. PruzanMikkelsen, W. Miller, and D. Miller. 2007. Leading with wisdom: Spiritual-based leadership. New Delhi: Response Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quatro, S.A. 2004. New age or age old: Classical management theory and traditional organized religion as underpinnings of the contemporary organizational spirituality movement. Human Resource Development Review 3 (3): 228–249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson, C.A., and F. Rabiee. 2001. A Question of Access’ – an exploration of the factors influencing the health of young males aged 15–19 living in Corby and their use of health care services. Health Education Journal 60: 3–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Russell, B. 2009. The scientific outlook, 278–279. New York: Routledge Classics.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, Raymond D., and P. Singer Daniel. 2012. Spirituality in Corporate Social Responsibility: A Proposed Solution To the “Failed System” Problem. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business 4 (6): 58–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sundar, P. 2000. Beyond business: from merchant charity to corporate citizenship Indian business philanthropy through the ages. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sur, S. 2017. Beyond the Indus: How Hinduism offers an alternate management paradigm. Philosophy of Management 16: 69–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chinmayananda, Swami. 2011. IsavasyaUpanisad, 118–119. Mumbai: Central Chimaya Mission Trust.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swami Gambhirananda .1958.Eight Upanishads with the Commentary of Sri Sankaracarya, Vol. I, AdvaitaAshrama, Kolkata.

  • Swami Ranganathananda .2006.The Charm and Power of Upanishads, AdvaitaAshrama, Kolkata, p.32.

  • Tagore, R. 1978. Rabindra-Rachanabali. Vol. 7. Kolkata: ViswaBharati.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, L., J. MacMillan, E. McColl, C. Hale, and S. Bond. 1995. Comparison of focus group and individual interview methodology in examining patient satisfaction with nursing care. Social Sciences in Health 1: 206–219.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tilbury, D. and Wortman D. 2004. “Engaging People in Sustainability,” Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge,” UK: Commission on Education and Communication, IUCN.

  • Wakhlu, A. 2000. Managing from the heart. New Delhi: Response Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wartick, S., and P.L. Cochran. 1985. The Evolution of Corporate Social Performance Model. Academy of Management Review 10 (4): 758–769.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weber, M. 1958 (trans. by T. Parson),The Protestant Ethic and Spirit of Capitalism, New York: Scribner’s.

  • Wheeler, D., B. Colbert, and R.E. Freeman. 2003. Focusing on value: Reconciling corporate social responsibility, sustainability and a stakeholder approach in a network world. Journal of General Management 28 (3): 1–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Commission on Environment and Development. 1987. Our Common Future. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zohar, D., and I. Marshall. 2000. SQ–spiritual intelligence the ultimate intelligence. London: Bloomsbury.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sumona Ghosh.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

Sanjoy Mukherjee and Sumona Ghosh declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical Approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed Consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ghosh, S., Mukherjee, S. The Relevance of Spirituality and Corporate Social Responsibility in Management Education: Insights from Classical Indian Wisdom. Philosophy of Management 19, 469–497 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40926-020-00141-1

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40926-020-00141-1

Keywords

Navigation