Skip to main content
Log in

Consumer Complaining Behavior: a Paradigmatic Review

  • Published:
Philosophy of Management Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Consumer complaining behavior (CCB) is an important stream of research and practice, as it links the domains of service failure and service recovery. CCB research, although extensive and temporally wide, exhibits a lack of concern for the underlying assumptions of scholarly inquiry. Researchers neither explicitly mention, nor consciously indicate their ontological, epistemological, and methodological assumptions. We systematically identify the extant CCB literature and map it to two well-accepted paradigmatic classifications (Burrell and Morgan 1979; Deetz Organization Science 7(2): 191–207, 1996). Normative or functionalist paradigm with the assumptions of an objective external reality, a positivist epistemology, a determinist view of human nature, and nomothetic methodology emerges as the dominant CCB research paradigm. The implications of this dominance are discussed as a barometer of the future of CCB research and practice.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abney, A.K., M.J. Pelletier, T.-R.S. Ford, and A.B. Horky. 2017. # IHateYourBrand: Adaptive service recovery strategies on twitter. Journal of Services Marketing 31 (3): 281–294.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adler, P.S., L.C. Forbes, and H. Willmott. 2007. Critical management studies. The Academy of Management Annals 1 (1): 119–179.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andreassen, T.W., and S. Streukens. 2013. Online complaining: Understanding the adoption process and the role of individual and situational characteristics. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal 23 (1): 4–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aron, D. 2001. Consumer grudgeholding: Toward a conceptual model and research agenda. Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction and Complaining Behavior 14: 108–119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Astley, W.G., and R.F. Zammuto. 1992. Organization science, managers, and language games. Organization Science 3 (4): 443–460.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balaji, M.S., S. Jha, and M.B. Royne. 2015. Customer e-complaining behaviours using social media. The Service Industries Journal 35 (11–12): 633–654.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ballantyne, D., and R.J. Varey. 2006. Creating value-in-use through marketing interaction: The exchange logic of relating, communicating and knowing. Marketing Theory 6 (3): 335–348.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergel, M., and C. Brock. 2018. The impact of switching costs on customer complaint behavior and service recovery evaluation. Journal of Service Theory and Practice 28 (4): 458–483.

    Google Scholar 

  • Broad, W. J. (1979). Paul Feyerabend: Science and the anarchist 206: 534–537.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buchanan, J.M., and V.J. Vanberg. 1991. The market as a creative process. Economics & Philosophy 7 (2): 167–186.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burrell, G., and G. Morgan. 1979. Sociological paradigms and organisational analysis: Elements of the sociology of corporate life. Aldershot: Gower.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caldwell, B.J. 1991. Clarifying popper. Journal of Economic Literature 29 (1): 1–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cloward, R.A. 1959. Illegitimate means, anomie, and deviant behavior. American Sociological Review 24 (2): 164–176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cui, X., S. Cai, and Y. Qin. 2017. Similarity-based approach for accurately retrieving similar cases to intelligently handle online complaints. Kybernetes 46 (7): 1223–1244.

    Google Scholar 

  • Datta, L. 1994. Paradigm wars: A basis for peaceful co-existence and beyond. New Directions for Program Evaluation 1994 (61): 53–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidow, M. 2003. Organizational responses to customer complaints: What works and what doesn’t. Journal of Service Research 5 (3): 225–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, D.F., S.L. Golicic, and C.N. Boerstler. 2011. Benefits and challenges of conducting multiple methods research in marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 39 (3): 467–479.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, D.F., S.L. Golicic, C.N. Boerstler, S. Choi, and H. Oh. 2013. Does marketing research suffer from methods myopia? Journal of Business Research 66 (9): 1245–1250.

    Google Scholar 

  • Day, R.L., and E.L. Landon. 1977. Toward a theory of consumer complaining behavior. Consumer and Industrial Buying Behavior 95 (1): 425–437.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deetz, S. 1996. Crossroads—Describing differences in approaches to organization science: Rethinking Burrell and Morgan and their legacy. Organization Science 7 (2): 191–207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dixon, J., and R. Dogan. 2002. Towards constructive corporate governance: From ‘certainties’ to a plurality principle. Philosophy of Management 2 (3): 51–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellson, T. 2009. Assessing contribution of research in business to practice. Journal of Business Research 62 (11): 1160–1164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Estelami, H. 2000. Competitive and procedural determinants of delight and disappointment in consumer complaint outcomes. Journal of Service Research 2 (3): 285–300.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feldman, M.S., and J.G. March. 1981. Information in organizations as signal and symbol. Administrative Science Quarterly 26: 171–186.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fırat, A.F., and N. Dholakia. 2006. Theoretical and philosophical implications of postmodern debates: Some challenges to modern marketing. Marketing Theory 6 (2): 123–162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisk, R., S. Grove, L.C. Harris, D.A. Keeffe, K.L. Daunt, R. Russell-Bennett, and J. Wirtz. 2010. Customers behaving badly: A state of the art review, research agenda and implications for practitioners. Journal of Services Marketing 24 (6): 417–429.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fletcher, G.J. 1996. Realism versus relativism in psychology. American Journal of Psychology 109: 409–430.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fornell, C., and B. Wernerfelt. 1987. Defensive marketing strategy by customer complaint management: A theoretical analysis. Journal of Marketing Research 24 (4): 337–346.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foxall, G.R. 2007. Explaining consumer choice: Coming to terms with intentionality. Behavioural Processes 75 (2): 129–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Francken, D.A. 1983. Postpurchase consumer evaluations, complaint actions and repurchase behavior. Journal of Economic Psychology 4 (3): 273–290.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, R.E., and P. Lorange. 1985. Theory building in strategic management. Advances in Strategic Management 3 (1): 9–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garrett, D.E., and P.G. Toumanoff. 2010. Are consumers disadvantaged or vulnerable? An examination of consumer complaints to the better business bureau. Journal of Consumer Affairs 44 (1): 3–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gergen, K.J. 1973. Social psychology as history. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 26 (2): 309–320.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghoshal, S. 2005. Bad management theories are destroying good management practices. Academy of Management Learning & Education 4 (1): 75–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gioia, D.A., and E. Pitre. 1990. Multiparadigm perspectives on theory building. Academy of Management Review 15 (4): 584–602.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gong, T., Y. Yi, and J.N. Choi. 2014. Helping employees deal with dysfunctional customers: The underlying employee perceived justice mechanism. Journal of Service Research 17 (1): 102–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goulding, C. 1999. Consumer research, interpretive paradigms and methodological ambiguities. European Journal of Marketing 33 (9/10): 859–873.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gruber, T., I. Szmigin, and R. Voss. 2009. Developing a deeper understanding of the attributes of effective customer contact employees in personal complaint-handling encounters. Journal of Services Marketing 23 (6): 422–435.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guba, E. G., and Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. In Handbook of Qualitative Research, ed. N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln, 105-117. Thousand oaks. CA: Sage.

  • Gulati, R. 2007. Tent poles, tribalism, and boundary spanning: The rigor-relevance debate in management research. Academy of Management Journal 50 (4): 775–782.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, L.C., and R. Russell-Bennett. 2015. All Anglos are alike? A study of whinging Poms and bloody-minded Aussies. Journal of Marketing Management 31 (7–8): 827–855.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, K.L., L. Thomas, and J.A. Williams. 2013. Justice for consumers complaining online or offline: Exploring procedural, distributive, and interactional justice, and the issue of anonymity. Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction & Complaining Behavior 26: 19–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hasan, M.N. 2016. Positivism: To what extent does it aid our understanding of the contemporary social world? Quality & Quantity 50 (1): 317–325.

    Google Scholar 

  • Helmer, O., and N. Rescher. 1959. On the epistemology of the inexact sciences. Management Science 6 (1): 25–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hempel, D.J., M.V. Laric, and L.R. Tucker Jr. 1982. Developing an information-based marketing strategy for a consumer protection agency: A case study. Journal of Consumer Affairs 16 (2): 347–361.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirschman, A.O. 1970. Exit, voice, and loyalty: Responses to decline in firms, organizations, and states. Vol. 25. Cambridge: Harvard university press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Homburg, C., D. Jozić, and C. Kuehnl. 2017. Customer experience management: Toward implementing an evolving marketing concept. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 45 (3): 377–401.

    Google Scholar 

  • Houston, S. 2001. Beyond social constructionism: Critical realism and social work. British Journal of Social Work 31 (6): 845–861.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsiao, Y.-H., L.-F. Chen, Y.L. Choy, and C.-T. Su. 2016. A novel framework for customer complaint management. The Service Industries Journal 36 (13–14): 675–698.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacoby, J., and J.J. Jaccard. 1981. The sources, meaning, and validity of consumer complaint behavior: A psychological analysis. Journal of Retailing 57: 4–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, B.R., and W.T. Ross. 2015. When social ties bind: An exploration of the adverse effects of using social relationships to make purchases. Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction and Complaining Behavior 28: 3–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Juhl, H.J., J. Thøgersen, and C.S. Poulsen. 2006. Is the propensity to complain increasing over time? Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction and Complaining Behavior 19: 118–127.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kasnakoglu, B.T., C. Yilmaz, and K. Varnali. 2016. An asymmetric configural model approach for understanding complainer emotions and loyalty. Journal of Business Research 69 (9): 3659–3672.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kluckhohn, F.R., and F.L. Strodtbeck. 1961. Variations in value orientations. New York: Row, Peterson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koussaifi, H., D.J. Hart, and S. Lillystone. 2020. Customer complaint journey mapping: A qualitative approach. British Food Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-11-2019-849.

  • Kuehn, A.A., and R.L. Day. 1962. Strategy of product quality. Harvard Business Review 40 (6): 100–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, T.S. 1962. The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamont, M., and V. Molnár. 2002. The study of boundaries in the social sciences. Annual Review of Sociology 28 (1): 167–195.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lerman, D. 2006. Consumer politeness and complaining behavior. Journal of Services Marketing 20 (2): 92–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, M.W., and A.I. Grimes. 1999. Metatriangulation: Building theory from multiple paradigms. Academy of Management Review 24 (4): 672–690.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liefeld, J.P., F.H. Edgecombe, and L. Wolfe. 1975. Demographic characteristics of Canadian consumer complainers. Journal of Consumer Affairs 9 (1): 73–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, R.R., and P. McClure. 2001. Recognizing cross-cultural differences in consumer complaint behavior and intentions: An empirical examination. Journal of Consumer Marketing 18 (1): 54–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lunde, M.B. 2018. Sustainability in marketing: A systematic review unifying 20 years of theoretical and substantive contributions (1997–2016). AMS Review 8 (3–4): 85–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luo, X., and C. Homburg. 2008. Satisfaction, complaint, and the stock value gap. Journal of Marketing 72 (4): 29–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lutz, D.S. 1994. Toward a theory of constitutional amendment. American Political Science Review 88 (2): 355–370.

    Google Scholar 

  • Majeed, M.H. 2019. Pragmatist inquiry in to consumer behaviour research. Philosophy of Management 18 (2): 189–201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marsden, D., and D. Littler. 1996. Evaluating alternative research paradigms: A market-oriented framework. Journal of Marketing Management 12 (7): 645–655.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mattila, A.S., and J. Wirtz. 2004. Consumer complaining to firms: The determinants of channel choice. Journal of Services Marketing 18 (2): 147–155.

    Google Scholar 

  • McAlister, D.T., and R.C. Erffmeyer. 2003. A content analysis of outcomes and responsibilities for consumer complaints to third-party organizations. Journal of Business Research 56 (4): 341–351.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGahan, A.M. 2007. Academic research that matters to managers: On zebras, dogs, lemmings, hammers, and turnips. Academy of Management Journal 50 (4): 748–753.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meuter, M.L., A.L. Ostrom, R.I. Roundtree, and M.J. Bitner. 2000. Self-service technologies: Understanding customer satisfaction with technology-based service encounters. Journal of Marketing 64 (3): 50–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michel, S. 2001. Analyzing service failures and recoveries: A process approach. International Journal of Service Industry Management 12 (1): 20–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moules, N.J. 2002. Hermeneutic inquiry: Paying heed to history and Hermes an ancestral, substantive, and methodological tale. International Journal of Qualitative Methods 1 (3): 1–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Munz, P. 1985. Our knowledge of the growth of knowledge. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nillsen, R. 2004. Can the love of learning be taught? Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice 1 (1): 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliver, R.L., R.T. Rust, and S. Varki. 1997. Customer delight: Foundations, findings, and managerial insight. Journal of Retailing 73 (3): 311–336.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pelz, D.C. 1978. Some expanded perspectives on use of social science in public policy. In Major social issues: A multidisciplinary view, ed. J.M. Yinger and S.J. Cutler, 346–357. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfeffer, J. 1993. Barriers to the advance of organizational science: Paradigm development as a dependent variable. Academy of Management Review 18 (4): 599–620.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramoglou, S. 2013. Philosophy as Undogmatic procedure: Is perfect knowledge good enough? Philosophy of Management 12 (1): 7–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reed, M.I. 1997. In praise of duality and dualism: Rethinking agency and structure in organizational analysis. Organization Studies 18 (1): 21–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, K.L., and L.C. Harris. 2005. When service failure is not service failure: An exploration of the forms and motives of “illegitimate” customer complaining. Journal of Services Marketing 19 (5): 321–335.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richins, M.L. 1983. Negative word-of-mouth by dissatisfied consumers: A pilot study. Journal of Marketing 47 (1): 68–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ricotta, F., and M. Costabile. 2007. Customizing customization: A conceptual framework for interactive personalization. Journal of Interactive Marketing 21 (2): 6–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenstreich, D., and B. Wooliscroft. 2006. How international are the top academic journals? The case of marketing. European Business Review 18 (6): 422–436.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenzweig, S. 1938. A general outline of frustration. Character & Personality 7: 151–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schultz, M., and M.J. Hatch. 1996. Living with multiple paradigms the case of paradigm interplay in organizational culture studies. Academy of Management Review 21 (2): 529–557.

    Google Scholar 

  • Senge, P.M. 1990. The art and practice of the learning organization. New York: Doubleday.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sewell, W.H., Jr. 1992. A theory of structure: Duality, agency, and transformation. American Journal of Sociology 98 (1): 1–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, P., R. Marshall, P. Alan Reday, and W. Na. 2010. Complainers versus non-complainers: A multi-national investigation of individual and situational influences on customer complaint behaviour. Journal of Marketing Management 26 (1–2): 163–180.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharoff, L. 2008. Critique of the critical incident technique. Journal of Research in Nursing 13 (4): 301–309.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simons, R.H., and B.M. Thompson. 1998. Strategic determinants: The context of managerial decision making. Journal of Managerial Psychology 13 (1/2): 7–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, J. 1988. Consumer complaint intentions and behavior: Definitional and taxonomical issues. Journal of Marketing 52 (1): 93–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, J. 1989. Determinants of consumers’ decisions to seek third party redress: An empirical study of dissatisfied patients. Journal of Consumer Affairs 23 (2): 329–363.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, J. 1991. Industry characteristics and consumer dissatisfaction. Journal of Consumer Affairs 25 (1): 19–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smircich, L. 1983. Concepts of culture and organizational analysis. Administrative Science Quarterly 28 (3): 339–358.

    Google Scholar 

  • Statler, M., and P. Salovaara. 2017. Pragmatic truths in organization studies. Philosophy of Management 16 (3): 265–278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephens, N., and K.P. Gwinner. 1998. Why don’t some people complain? A cognitive-emotive process model of consumer complaint behavior. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 26 (3): 172–189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, J.J. 1986. Human nature, organizations, and management theory. Academy of Management Review 11 (3): 534–549.

    Google Scholar 

  • Svensson, G. 2005. Ethnocentricity in top marketing journals. Marketing Intelligence & Planning 23 (5): 422–434.

    Google Scholar 

  • Svensson, G., B. Tronvoll, and T. Slaatten. 2008. An assessment of the empirical characteristics of top journals in services marketing. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal 18 (3): 289–304.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swimberghe, K., D. Sharma, and L. Flurry. 2009. An exploratory investigation of the consumer religious commitment and its influence on store loyalty and consumer complaint intentions. Journal of Consumer Marketing 26 (5): 340–347.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tellis, G.J., R.K. Chandy, and D.S. Ackerman. 1999. In search of diversity: The record of major marketing journals. Journal of Marketing Research 36 (1): 120–131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tojib, D., and S. Khajehzadeh. 2014. The role of meta-perceptions in customer complaining behavior. European Journal of Marketing 48 (7/8): 1536–1556.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tronvoll, B. 2007. Customer complaint behaviour from the perspective of the service-dominant logic of marketing. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal 17 (6): 601–620.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tronvoll, B. 2012. A dynamic model of customer complaining behaviour from the perspective of service-dominant logic. European Journal of Marketing 46 (1/2): 284–305.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tronvoll, B., S.W. Brown, D.D. Gremler, and B. Edvardsson. 2011. Paradigms in service research. Journal of Service Management 22 (5): 560–585.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vargo, S.L., and R.F. Lusch. 2004. Evolving to a new dominant logic for marketing. Journal of Marketing 68 (1): 1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Venkatesh, A. (1992). Postmodernism, consumer culture and the society of the spectacle. In ed. J. F. Sherry and B. Sternthal, Advances in Consumer Research: 199-202.

  • Warland, R.H., R.O. Herrmann, and D.E. Moore. 1984. Consumer complaining and community involvement: An exploration of their theoretical and empirical linkages. Journal of Consumer Affairs 18 (1): 64–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitford, J. 2002. Pragmatism and the untenable dualism of means and ends: Why rational choice theory does not deserve paradigmatic privilege. Theory and Society 31 (3): 325–363.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yan, R.-N., and S. Lotz. 2009. Taxonomy of the influence of other customers in consumer complaint behavior: A social-psychological perspective. Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction and Complaining Behavior 22: 107–126.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Swapan Deep Arora.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

Both the authors declare that they do not have any conflict of interest to report concerning this study.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

ESM 1

(DOCX 51 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Arora, S.D., Chakraborty, A. Consumer Complaining Behavior: a Paradigmatic Review. Philosophy of Management 20, 113–134 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40926-020-00148-8

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40926-020-00148-8

Keywords

Navigation