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Detection and molecular characterization of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) in chicken with respiratory signs in Brazil during 2015 and 2016

  • Veterinary Microbiology - Research Paper
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Abstract

Avian infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a respiratory disease that causes severe economic losses in the poultry industry, mainly due to high morbidity and mortality and reduced egg production. Molecular characterization was performed on samples collected from flocks in the Brazilian States of São Paulo, Pernambuco, and Minas Gerais during 2015 and 2016 that presented clinical signs of respiratory disease. End-point PCR was used for viral detection, and DNA sequencing was used for differentiation of vaccine and field strains. Molecular analysis based on the infected cell protein (ICP4) gene separated four of the nine samples together with previous Brazilian isolates (São Paulo and Minas Gerais), one sample was grouped on the same branch as Minas Gerais strains (along with another related sample), one sample was separately branched but still related to the tissue culture origin (TCO) vaccine strain, and two samples were grouped on the same branch as the TCO vaccine strain. Molecular analysis of the thymidine kinase (TK) gene showed the existence of strains of both high and low virulence. The characterization of two fragments of the ICP4 gene and a fragment of the TK gene in this study suggested that the virus circulating in Guatapará, as well as those in Barretos and Itanhandu, that is causing respiratory problems in birds is a highly virulent field strain. The clinical signs point to a TCO vaccine strain that most likely underwent some reversal event and is a latent reactivated infection.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the poultry companies in Brazil that generously donated the samples for the development of this study.

Funding

This research was supported by the CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) grants number 140744/2014–2 and 306380/2014–5. A. J. Piantino Ferreira is the recipient of a CNPq fellowship grant number 301084/2019–0.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, School of VeterinaryMedicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-270, Brazil

    Silvana H. Santander-Parra, Luis F. N. Nuñez, Claudete S. Astolfi Ferreira & Antonio J. Piantino Ferreira

  2. Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Carrera de Medicina VeterinariaAv. José Queri, Quito, 170513, Ecuador

    Silvana H. Santander-Parra & Luis F. N. Nuñez

  3. Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Biological Institute, Av. Gaspar Ricardo, 1700, Bastos, SP, CEP 17690-000, Brazil

    Marcos R. Buim

  4. Instituto de Bioquímica Y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Carlos A. Loncoman

Authors
  1. Silvana H. Santander-Parra
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  2. Luis F. N. Nuñez
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  3. Marcos R. Buim
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  4. Claudete S. Astolfi Ferreira
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  5. Carlos A. Loncoman
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  6. Antonio J. Piantino Ferreira
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Contributions

SHS-P performed the detection ILTV in the clinical samples; LFNN prepared the draft the manuscript; MRB assessed and acquired samples of ILT from chickens; CSA-F revised the manuscript; CAL contributed with molecular analysis; AJPF conceived the study and revised the manuscript. All authors contributed to the analysis and interpretation of the data and revised the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Luis F. N. Nuñez.

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Santander-Parra, S.H., Nuñez, L.F.N., Buim, M.R. et al. Detection and molecular characterization of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) in chicken with respiratory signs in Brazil during 2015 and 2016. Braz J Microbiol 53, 2223–2232 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-022-00833-y

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