Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Species and functional diversity of macrofungi from protected areas in mountain forest ecosystems of Southern Luzon, Philippines

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Tropical Ecology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Fungi and their functions are among the least studied component of the ecosystem such that not more than 10% were named based on global conservative species estimate. In the Philippines, the species described do not reflect on documentation and conservation efforts amidst threat of forest degradation and climate change. This study investigated the current macrofungal diversity in parts of three important protected mountain forest ecosystems in Southern Tagalog Region in the Philippines: Mount Makiling Forest Reserve (MMFR), Mount Banahaw-San Cristobal Protected Landscape (MBSCPL), and Quezon Protected Landscape (QPL). Macrofungal sporocarps were collected and documented from selected sites and preserved as voucher specimens. Samples were characterized using morphological, anatomical, and chemical properties then validated field identification from mycological herbarium and consulted experts. Sixteen species representing 11 families with Shannon diversity index of 2.79 were observed from MMFR. Collections from MBSCPL were 35 species under 19 families with Shannon diversity index of 3.14. QPL recorded 21 species from 12 families with Shannon diversity index of 3.04. The diversity of macrofungi from protected areas showed unique species composition based on non-metric multidimensional scaling with high dissimilarity based on Bray–Curtis Index, suggesting possible differences in carbon sink on forest floor. Functional diversity of recorded taxa described a balanced proportion of saprophytic and mycorrhizal fungi with few parasitic fungi having economic and cultural values. Variations in macrofungal species and functions could reflect on the status of protected areas in terms of productivity and sustainability, requiring extensive sampling and monitoring to cover macrofungi in biodiversity assessment and conservation programs in this region of the country.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Allen JL, Lendemer JC (2016) Quantifying the impacts of sea-level rise on coastal biodiversity: a case study on lichens in the mid-Atlantic Coast of eastern North America. Biol Conserv 202:119–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.08.031

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arenas MC, Tadiosa ER, Alejandro GJD, Reyes RG (2015) Macroscopic fungal flora of Mts. Palaypalay-Mataas na Gulod protected landscape, Southern Luzon, Philippines. Asian J Biodivers. https://doi.org/10.7828/ajob.v6i1.693

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bala N, Aitken EB, Fechner N, Cusack A, Steadman KJ (2011) Evaluation of antibacterial activity of Australian basidiomycetous macrofungi using a high-throughput 96-well plate assay. Pharm Biol 49(5):492–500. https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2010.526616

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bayramoglu G, Celik G, Arica MY (2006) Studies on accumulation of uranium by fungus Lentinus sajor-caju. J Hazard Mater 136(2):345–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.12.027

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Biadnes GCQ, Tangonan NG (2003) Assessment of the biodiversity of basidiomycetous fungi, insects, and orchids in midmontane forest of Mt. Apo, Mindanao. Philipp Soc Study Nat Nat News 2:59

    Google Scholar 

  • Borovicka J, Randa Z, Jelinek E (2005) Gold content of ectomycorrhizal and saprobic macrofungi from non-auriferous and unpolluted areas. Mycol Res 109(8):951–955. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095375620500328X

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Daep NA, Cajuday LA (2003) Mushroom diversity at Mt. Malinao, Albay. Philipp Soc Study Nat Nat News 2:57

    Google Scholar 

  • De Castro ME, Dulay RM (2015) Macrofungi in multistorey agroforestry system in Mt Makiling forest reserve, Los Banos Laguna, Philippines. J Chem Biol Phys Sci 2:1646–1655

    Google Scholar 

  • De Leon AM, Luangsa-ard JJD, Karunarathna SC, Hyde KD, Reyes RG, Dela Cruz TEE (2013) Species listing, distribution, and molecular identification of macrofungi in six Aeta tribal communities in Central Luzon. Philipp Mycosphere 4(3):478–494. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/4/3/4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fitter AH, Heinemeyer A, Staddon PL (2000) The impact of elevated CO2 and global climate change on arbuscular mycorrhizas: a mycocentric approach. New Phytol 147(1):179–187. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2000.00680.x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gascon CN, Garcia RC, Beltran FN, Faller WC, Agudilla MA (2013) Biodiversity assessment of Mt. Banahaw de Dolores. Philipp Asian J Biodivers 295:23–45. https://doi.org/10.7828/ajob.v4i1.295

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamchara P, Chanjula P, Cherdthong A, Wanapat M (2018) Digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and nitrogen balance with various feeding levels of oil palm fronds treated with Lentinus sajor-caju in goats. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 31(10):1619–1626. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.17.0926

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lapitan PG, Fernando ES, Suh MH, Fuentes RU, Shin YK, Pampolina NM, Castillo ML, Cereno RP, Lee JH, Han S, Choi TB, Lee DK (2010) Biodiversity and natural resources conservation in protected areas of Korea and the Philippines. AKECU. GeoBook: Korea

  • Lapitan PG, Balahadia NM, Balatibat JB, Bantayan NC, Calimag CA, Castillo ML, Dolom PC, Eleazar PJM, Mora AM, Pampolina NM, Peralta EO, Pulhin JM, Villanueva TR (2018) Science based management and upland community development in the Philippines: the case of Mt. Makiling forest reserve. University of the Philippines Press, Philippines

  • Lee YK, Lee DK, Woo SY, Abraham ER, Carandang WM, Yeo US, Park C (2006) Differences of tree species composition and microclimate between a mahogany (swietenia macrophylla king) plantation and a secondary forest in Mt. Makiling Philippines. For Sci Technol 2(1):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2006.9656293

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luna AC, Osumi K, Gascon AF, Lasco RD, Palijon AM, & Castillio ML (1999) The community structure of a logged-over tropical rain forest in Mt. Makiling Forest Reserve, Philippines. J Trop For Sci 446–458. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43582547. Accessed 9 Feb 2021

  • Moore D, Nauta MM, Evans SE, Rotheroe M (2001) Fungal conservation: issues and solutions (no. 22). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

  • Mueller GM (2011) Biodiversity of fungi: inventory and monitoring methods. Elsevier, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Musngi RB, Abella EA, Lalap AL, Reyes RG (2005) Four species of wild Auricularia in Central Luzon, Philippines as sources of cell lines for researchers and mushroom growers. J Agric Technol 1(2):279–299

    Google Scholar 

  • Nacua AE, Pacis HJ, Manalo J, Soriano CJ, Toso NR, Padiricao R, Clemente KJ, Deocaris CC (2018) Macrofungal diversity in Mt. Makiling forest reserve, Laguna, Philippines: with floristic update on roadside samples in Makiling Botanic Gardens (MBG). Biodiversitas 19(4):1579–1585. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190451

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pagaduan DC, Afuang LE (2012) Understorey bird species diversity along elevational gradients on the northeastern slope of Mt. Makiling, Luzon, Philippines. Asia Life Sci J 21(2):585–607

    Google Scholar 

  • Pampolina NM (2014) Biodiversity monitoring for sustainable conservation of MMFR and Mt. Banahaw to support regional food security and monitor climate change impacts. Int For Rev 16(5):420

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson RL, Wagg C, Pautler M (2008) Associations between microfungal endophytes and roots: do structural features indicate function? Botany 86(5):445–456. https://doi.org/10.1139/B08-016

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quimio TH (1996) Agaricales of Mt. Makiling, Laguna, Philippines. In: Proceedings of the Asian international mycological congress, Chiba, Japan, p 47

  • Quimio TH (2001) Common mushroom in Mt Makiling, museum of natural history. UP Los Banos Laguna. Philippines

  • Quimio TH (2002) Checklist and database of Philippine Fungi (1806-2001). Laguna. ASEAN Regional Center for Biodiversity Conservation

  • Reinking OA (1920) Higher basidiomycetes from the Philippines and their hosts, II. Philipp J Sci 16:167–179

    Google Scholar 

  • Reyes RG, Nair MG (2016) Ligninolytic and leaf litter degrading mushrooms from the Philippines with antioxidant activities. Int J Pharm Res All Sci 5(4):67–74

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sadi G, Emsen B, Kaya A, Kocabas A, Çinar S, Kartal DI (2015) Cytotoxicity of some edible mushrooms extracts over liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells in conjunction with their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Pharmacogn Mag 11:6–18. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1296.157665

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sibounnavong P, Cynthia CD, Kalaw SP, Reyes RG, Soytong K (2008) Some species of macrofungi at Puncan, Carranglan, Nueva Ecija in the Philippines. J Agric Technol 4(2):105–115

    Google Scholar 

  • Silva FS, de Sá MS, Costa JFO, Pinto FP, Lima MS, Lucchese AM, Goes-neto A, Zalis MG, Dos-Santos RR, Soares MBP (2009) In vitro pharmacological screening of macrofungi extracts from the Brazilian northeastern region. Pharm Biol 47(5):384–389. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200902755226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sims K, Watling R, De La Cruz R, Jeffries P (1997) Ectomycorrhizal fungi of the Philippines: a preliminary survey and notes on the geographic biodiversity of the Sclerodermatales. Biodivers Conserv 6(1):43–58. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018371515051

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tadiosa ER, Militante EP (2006) Identification of important wood-decaying fungi associated with some Philippine dipterocarps at the Makiling Forest. Sylvatrop. Tech J Philipp Ecosyst Nat Resour 16:17–38

  • Tadiosa ER, Arsenio JJ, Marasigan MC (2007) Macroscopic fungal diversity of Mount Makulot, Cuenca, Batangas, Philippines. Agris FAO Abstract. https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=PH2009000986. Accessed 9 Feb 2021

  • Tadiosa ER, Agbayani ES, Agustin NT (2011) Preliminary Study on the Macrofungi of Bazal-Baubo Watershed, Aurora Province, Central Luzon. Philipp Asian J Biodivers 96(2):149–171. https://doi.org/10.7828/ajob.v2i1.96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tadiosa ER, Arenas MC, Reyes RG (2015) Macroscopic Fungal Flora of Mts Palaypalay-Mataas na Gulod protected landscape, Southern Luzon, Philippines. Asian J Biodivers 6(3):1–22. https://doi.org/10.7828/ajob.v6i1.693

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thatoi H, Behera BC, Mishra RR (2013) Ecological role and biotechnological potential of mangrove fungi: a review. Mycology 4(1):54–71

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wickens GE (2012) Economic botany: principles and practices. Springer, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Zotti M, Persiani AM, Ambrosio E, Vizzini A, Venturella G, Donnini D, Angelini P, Di Piazza S, Pavarino M, Lunghini D, Venanzoni R, Polemis E, Granito VM, Maggi O, Gargano ML, Zervakis GI (2013) Macrofungi as ecosystem resources: conservation versus exploitation. Plant Biosyst 147(1):219–225. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2012.753133

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Forestry and Environmental Science, Central Mindanao University, Bukidnon, Philippines

    Jason A. Parlucha

  2. College of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Philippines

    Janine Kaysee R. Soriano, Milbrenne D. Yabes & Nelson M. Pampolina

  3. Science Department, College of Science, Bulacan State University, Bulacan, Philippines

    Edwin R. Tadiosa

Authors
  1. Jason A. Parlucha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Janine Kaysee R. Soriano
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Milbrenne D. Yabes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Nelson M. Pampolina
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Edwin R. Tadiosa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jason A. Parlucha.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 38 KB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Parlucha, J.A., Soriano, J.K.R., Yabes, M.D. et al. Species and functional diversity of macrofungi from protected areas in mountain forest ecosystems of Southern Luzon, Philippines. Trop Ecol 62, 359–367 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42965-021-00152-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42965-021-00152-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation