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Polar Winter: A Biological Model for Impact Events and Related Dark/Cold Climatic Changes

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Abstract

Models of the climatic perturbation caused by a large scale extraterrestrial impact predict an injection of dust into the stratosphere. This would cause the onset of environmental conditions whose two principal characteristics are a prolonged period of darkness and reduced global temperatures. Similar scenarios follow large scale volcanic eruptions, wildfires and they are predicted for a nuclear winter following a protracted nuclear exchange. A significant drop in temperature and solar insolation are also characteristics of the polar winter. In this paper the onset and emergence from the polar winter is examined as a potential biological framework for studying immediate biological effects following transition into and out of a dark/cold catastrophe. Limitations of the conceptual model, particularly with respect to the fact that polar organisms are well adapted to a regular and severe dark/cold climatic change (which the rest of the Earth's biota is not) are discussed. The model has implications for the poles as an extinction refuge during such climatic changes.

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  1. Space Sciences Division, M/S 239-20, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035-1000, U.S.A.

    Charles S. Cockell

  2. Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Oceanview Blvd., Pacific Grove, CA, 93950, U.S.A.

    M. Dale Stokes

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Cockell, C.S., Stokes, M.D. Polar Winter: A Biological Model for Impact Events and Related Dark/Cold Climatic Changes. Climatic Change 41, 151–173 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005465513592

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