Abstract
Tocotrienols from palm oil showed significant ability to inhibit oxidative damage induced by ascorbate-Fe2+ and photosensitization, involving different mechanisms, in rat liver microsomes. The tocotrienol-rich fraction from palm oil (TRF), being tried as a more economical and efficient substitute for α-tocopherol, showed time- and concentration-dependent inhibition of protein oxidation as well as lipid peroxidation. It was more effective against protein oxidation. The extent of inhibition by TRF varied with different peroxidation products such as conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Among the constituents of TRF, γ-tocotrienol was the most effective followed by its α- and δ-isomers. In general, at a low concentration of 5 μM, TRF was able to prevent oxidative damage to significant extent (37% inhibition of protein oxidation and 27–30% of lipid peroxidation at 1 h of incubation). The protective ability of TRF (30.1% at 5 μM with TBARS formation) was significantly higher than that of the dominant form of vitamin E, α-tocopherol (16.5% under same conditions). Hence our studies indicate that this fraction from palm oil can be considered as an effective natural antioxidant supplement capable of protecting cellular membranes against oxidative damage.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Sies H: Oxidative stress: oxidants and antioxidants. Academic Press, New York, 1991
Ong ASH, Packer L: Lipid soluble antioxidants: biochemistry and clinical applications, Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, 1992
Halliwell H: Free radicals, antioxidants, and human disease: curiosity, cause or consequence? Lancet 344: 721–724, 1994
Kaul N, Siveski-Iliskovic N, Hill M, Slezak J, Singal PK: Free radicals and the heart. [Review]. J Pharmacol Toxicol Meth 30: 55–67, 1993
Thomas MJ: The role of free radicals and antioxidants: how do we know that they are working? [Review]. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 35: 21–39, 1995
Park JW, Floyd RA: Lipid peroxidation products mediate the formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in DNA. Free Rad Biol Med 12: 245–250, 1992
Davies KJA, Goldberg AL: Oxygen radicals stimulate intracellular proteolysis and lipid peroxidation by independent mechanisms in erythrocytes. J Biol Chem 262: 8220–8226, 1987
Stadtman ER: Protein oxidation and ageing. Science 257: 1220–1224, 1992
Gurr MI: Oil palm lipids: Edible oils with interesting nutritional at-tributes. Lipid Technol (1992, Apr–Jun), pp 62–64
Qureshi AA, Qureshi N, Papacz HJO, Weber FE, Chaudhary V, Crenshaw TD, Gapor A, Ong AS, Chong YH, Peterson D: Dietary tocotrienols reduce concentrations of plasma cholesterol, apoprotein D, thrombaxane B2 and platelet factor 4 in pigs with inherited hyperlipidemias. Am J Clin Nutr 53: 1042S–1046S, 1991
Nesaretnam K, Khor HT, Ganeson J, Chong YH, Sundram K, Gapor A: The effect of vitamin E tocotrienols from palm oil on chemically induced mammary carcinogenesis in female rats. Nutr Res 12: 879–892, 1992
Nesaretnam K, Guthrie N, Chambers AF, Carrol KK: Effect of tocotrienols on the growth of a human breast-cancer cell-line in culture. Lipids 30: 1139–1143, 1995
Tan B: Antitumor effects of palm carotenes and tocotrienols in HRS/J hairless mice. Nutr Res 12: (suppl) S163–S173, 1992
Gosh SH, Hew NF, Horhanom AW, Yadav M: Inhibition of tumour promotion by various palm oil tocotrienols. Int J Cancer 57: 529–531, 1994
Serbinova E, Kagan V, Han D, Packer L: Free radical recycling and intramembrane mobility in the antioxidant properties of alpha-tocopherol and alpha tocotrienol. Free Rad Biol Med 10: 263–275, 1991
Nesaretnam K, Devasagayam TPA, Singh BB, Basiron Y: Influence of palm oil or its tocotrienol-rich fraction on the lipid peroxidation potential of rat liver mitochondria and microsomes. Biochem Mol Biol Inter 30: 159–167, 1993
Tomeo AC, Geller M, Watkins TR, Gapor A, Bierenbaum ML: Anti-oxidant effects of tocotrienols in patients with hyperlipidemia and carotid stenosis. Lipids 30: 1179–1183, 1995
Kamat JP, Devasagayam TPA: Tocotrienols from palm oil as potent inhibitors of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in rat brain mitochondria. Neurosci Lett 195: 179–182, 1995
Rouach H, Rebiere C, Park MR, Saffer C, Nordman RR: Lipid peroxidation and brain mitochondrial damage induced by ethanol. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 18: 211–217, 1987
Yagi K: Lipid peroxides in Biology and Medicine. Academic Press, Orlando, FL, 1982
Pushpendran CK, Subramanian M, Devasagayam TPA: Developmental changes in the peroxidation potential of rat brain homogenate and mitochondria. Mech Ageing Dev 73: 197–208, 1993
Parker CA, Hatchard P: A new sensitive method of chemical actinometry. Proc Royal Soc (London A): 104–110, 1956
Devasagayam TPA, Pushpendran CK, Eapen J: Differences in lipid peroxidation in rat liver rough and smooth microsomes. Biochim Biophys Acta 750: 91–97, 1983
Buege JA, Aust SD: Microsomal lipid peroxidation. Meth Enzymol 52: 302–310, 1978
Palamanda JR, Kehrer JP: Inhibition of protein carbonyl formation and lipid peroxidation by glutathione in rat liver microsomes. Arch Biochem Biophys 293: 103–109, 1992
Wills ED: Lipid peroxide formation in microsomes. General considerations. Biochem J 113: 315–324, 1969
Girotti AW: Phododynamic lipid peroxidation in biological systems. Photochem Photobiol 51: 497–509, 1990
Briviba K, Devasagayam TPA, Sies H, Steenken S: Selective parahydroxylation of phenol and aniline by singlet molecular oxygen. Chem Res Toxicol 6: 548–553, 1993
Kamat JP, Devasagayam TPA: Methylene blue plus light-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes: inhibition by nicotinamide (vitamin B3 ) and other antioxidants. Chem-biol Interact 99: 1–16, 1996
Recknagel RO, Glende Jr EA, Britton RS: Lipid peroxidation mechanisms and its role in toxicology. In: RG Meeks, SD Harrison and RJ Bull (eds). Hepatotoxicology. CRC press, Boca Raton: 1991, pp 401–421
Qureshi AA, Bradlow BA, Brace L, Manganello J, Peterson DM, Pearce BC, Wright JJK, Gapor A, Elson CE: Response of hypercholesterolemic subjects to administration of tocotrienols. Lipids 30: 1171–1177, 1995
Tatsuta T: Relationship between chemical structure and biological activity of vitamin E. I. Free tocopherols. Vitaminol (Japan) 44: 185–190, 1971
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kamat, J., Sarma, H., Devasagayam, T. et al. Tocotrienols from palm oil as effective inhibitors of protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes. Mol Cell Biochem 170, 131–138 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006853419214
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006853419214