Abstract
Visual and nonpheromone olfactory orientation processes of the giant tropical ant Paraponera clavata were investigated in homing foragers which had been previously trained to visit a food source. Experienced foragers can select directions visually, with pheromone trails (Breed et al., 1987), or with environmental odors. High-contrast canopy cues, but not low-contrast lateral landmarks, serve as strong visual orientation cues.
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Ehmer, B. Orientation in the Ant Paraponera clavata . Journal of Insect Behavior 12, 711–722 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020987922344
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020987922344