Abstract
A doubled haploid (DH)population consisting of 135 lines, derived from an indica (IR64) and a japonica (Azucena) rice with a similar apparent amylose content (AAC), was used to investigate the genetic factors affecting cooking and eating quality of rice. AAC,gelatinization temperature (GT), gel consistency (GC) and six starch pasting viscosity parameters were measured for quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis using 193 molecular markers mapped on the DH population. A total of 17 QTLs were detected for the 9 traits, with at least one QTL and as many as 3 QTLs for each individual trait. No QTL for the measured parameters was found at the wx locus,possibly because of the similar AAC between the parents. Several QTLs with important effects on the variations in the measured parameters were detected in the present study which have not been found in earlier reports based on populations derived from parents with different AAC and wxgene alleles. Two interesting loci could be deduced from the present study according to the marker order compared with other genetic linkage maps. A QTL flanked by Amy2A and RG433 on the end of the long arm of chromosome 6, identified for GT, set back and consistency viscosity, might cover the gene encoding starch branching enzyme I. Similarly, a QTL flanked by RG139 and RZ58on chromosome 2, detected for hot paste viscosity and breakdown viscosity, might cover the gene encoding starch branching enzyme III. Generally, traits significantly correlated with each other shared identical QTL, but it was not true in some cases. The fine molecular mechanisms underlying these traits await further elucidation for the improvement of eating and cooking quality of rice.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
American Association of Cereal Chemists (AACC), 2000. Approved methods of the AACC, 10th edn. Methods 61–02 for RVA. AACC St. Paul, Minn.
Ayres, N.M., A.M. McClung, P.D. Larkin, H.F.J. Bligh, C.A. Jones & W.D. Park, 1997. Microsatellites and a single-nucleotide polymorphism defferentiate apparent amylose classes in an extended pedigree of US rice germ plasm. Theor Appl Genet 94: 773–781.
Bao, J.S. & Y.W. Xia, 1999. Genetic control of the paste viscosity characteristics in indica rice (Oryza sativa L.). Theor Appl Genet 98: 1120–1124.
Bao, J.S., P. He, Y.W. Xia, Y. Chen & L.H. Zhu, 1999. Starch RVA profile parameters of rice are mainly controlled by Wx gene. Chin Sci Bull 44(22): 2047–2051.
Bao, J.S., X.W. Zheng, Y.W. Xia, P. He, Q.Y. Shu, X. Lu, Y. Chen & L.H. Zhu, 2000a. QTL mapping for the paste viscosity characteristics in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Theor Appl Genet 100: 280–284.
Bao, J.S., P. He, S.G. Li, Y.W. Xia, Y. Chen & L.H. Zhu, 2000b. Comparative mapping quantitative trait loci controlling the cooking and eating quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Scientia Agricultura Sinica 33: 8–13.
Blakeney, A.B., L.A. Welsh & D.R. Bannnon, 1991. Rice quality analysis using a computer controlled RVA. In: D.J. Martin & C.W. Wrigley (Eds.), Cereal International, pp. 180–182. Royal Australian Chemical Institute, Melbourne.
Blakeney, A.B., 1996. Rice. In: R.J. Henry & P.S. Kettlewell (Eds.), Cereal Grain Quality, pp. 55–76. Chapman & Hall, London.
Blight, H.F.J., R.I. Till & C.A. Jones, 1995. A microsatellite sequence closely linked to the waxy gene of Oryza sativa. Euphytica 86: 83–85.
Cagampang, G.B., C.M. Perez & B.O. Juliano, 1973. A gel consistency test for the eating quality of rice. J Sci Food Agric 24: 1589–1594.
Causse, M., T.M. Fulton, Y.G. Cho, S.N. Ahn, J. Chunwongse, K. Wu, J. Xiao, Z.H. Yu, P.C. Ronald, S.B. Harrington, G.A. Second, S.R. McCouch & S.D. Tanksley, 1994. Saturated molecular map of the rice genome based on an inter-specific backcross population. Genetics 138: 1251–1274.
Chang, T.T. & C.C. Li, 1991. Genetics and breeding. In: B.S. Luh (Ed.), Rice: Production, 2nd edn., pp. 23–101. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
Guiderdoni, E., E. Galinato, J. Luistro, & G. Vergara, 1992. Anther culture of tropical japonica/indica hybrids of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Euphytica 62: 219–224.
Gravois, K.A. & B.D. Webb, 1997. Inheritance of long grain rice amylograph viscosity characteristics. Euphytica 97: 25–29.
Harrington, S.E., H.F.J. Bligh, W.D. Park, C.A. Jones & S.R. Mc-Couch, 1997. Linkage mapping of starch branching enzyme III in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and prediction of location orthologous genes in other grasses. Theor Appl Genet 94: 564–568.
He, P., S.G. Li, Q. Qian, Y.Q. Ma, J.Z. Li, W.M. Wang, Y. Chen & L.H. Zhu, 1999. Genetic analysis of rice grain quality. Theor Appl Genet 98: 502–508.
Huang, N., S.R. McCouch, T. New, A. Parco & E. Guidedoni, 1994. Development of an RFLP map from a double haploid population in rice. Rice Genet Newsl. 11: 134–137.
Jane, J., Y.Y. Chen, L.F. Lee, A.E. McPherson, K.S. Wong, M. Radosavljevic & T. Kasemsuwan, 1999. Effects of Amylopectin branch chain length and amylose content on the gelatinization and pasting properties of starch. Cereal Chem 76: 629–637.
Juliano, B.O., 1971. A simple assay for milled rice amylose. Cereal Sci Today 16(10): 334.
Juliano, B.O., 1985. Rice chemistry and technology, 2nd edn. American Association of Cereal Chemists, Incorporated Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA.
Kumar, I. & G.S. Khush, 1988. Inheritance of amylose content in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Euphytica 38: 261–269.
Kurata, N., Y. Nagamura, K. Yamamoto, Y. Harushima, N. Sue, J. Wu, B.A. Antonio, A. Shomura, T. Shimizu, S.Y. Lin, T. Inoue, A. Fukuhara, T. Shimano, Y. Kuboki, T. Toyama, Y. Miyamoto, T. Kirihara, K. Hayasaka, A. Miyao, L. Monna, H.S. Zhong, Y. Tamura, Z.X. Wang, T. Momma, Y. Umehara, M. Yano, T. Sasaki & Y. Minobe, 1994. A 300 kilobase interval genetic map of rice including 883 expressed sequences. Nature Genet 8: 365–372.
Lander, E.S., 1993. Mapmaker/Exp 3.0 and Mapmaker/QTL 1.1, Tutorial and Reference Manual. Whitehead Institute, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142.
Liao, C.Y., P. Wu, B. Hu & K.K. Yi, 2001. Effects of genetic background and environment on QTLs and epistasis for rice (Oryza sativa L.) panicle number. Theor Appl Genet 103: 104–111.
Little, R.R., G.B. Hilder & E.H. Dawson, 1958. Differential effect of dilute alkali on 25 varieties of milled white rice. Cereal Chem 35: 111–126.
McKenzie, K.S. & J.N. Rutger, 1983. Genetic analysis of amylose content, alkali spreading score, and grain dimensions in rice. Crop Sci 23: 306–319.
Mo, H.D., 1995. Genetic research of endosperm quality traits in cereals. Sci Agric Sinica 28: 1–7.
Nakamura, Y., Y. Nagamura, N. Kurata & Y. Minobe, 1994. Linkage localization of the starch branching enzyme I (Q-enzyme I) gene in rice. Theor Appl Genet 89: 859–860.
Nakamura, Y., T. Umemoto, N. Ogata, Y. Kuboki, M. Yano & T. Sasaki, 1996, Starch debranching enzyme (R-enzyme or pullulanase) from developing rice endosperm: purification, cDNA and chromosomal localization of the gene. Planta 199: 209–218.
Perez, C.M. & B.O. Juliano, 1978. Modification of the simplified amylose test for milled rice. Starch/Starke 30: 424–426.
Pooni, H.S., I. Kumar & G.S. Khush, 1993. Genetical control of amylose content in selected crosses of indica rice. Heredity 70: 269–280.
Shi, C.H., J. Zhu, R.C. Zang & G.L. Chen, 1997. Genetic and heterosis analysis for cooking quality traits of indica rice in different environments. Theor Appl Genet 95: 294–300.
Shu, Q.Y., D.X. Wu, Y.W. Xia, M.W. Gao, N.M. Ayres, A. McClund & W. Park, 1999. Microsatellites polymorphism on the waxy gene locus and their relationship to amylose content in indica and japonica, Oryza sativa L. Acta Genetica Sinica 26: 350–358.
Smith, A.M., K. Denyer & Martin, 1997. The synthesis of the starch granule. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 48: 67–87.
Takeda, Y., S. Hizukuri & B.O. Juliano, 1987. Structures of rice amylopectins with low and high affinities for iodine. Carbohydr Res 168: 79–88.
Tan, Y.F., J.X. Li, S.B. Yu, Y.Z. Xing, C.G. Xu & Q. Zhang, 1999. The three important traits for cooking and eating quality of rice grains are controlled by a single locus in an elite rice hybrid, Shanyou 63. Theor Appl Genet 99: 642–648.
Tang, S.X., G.S. Khush & B.O. Juliano, 1991. Genetics of gel consistency in rice (Oryza sativa L.). J Genet 70(2): 69–78.
Williams, V.R., W.T. Wu, H.Y. Tsai & H.G. Gates, 1958. Varietal differences in amylose content of rice starch. J Agric Food Chem 6: 47.
Zhu, J. & B.S. Weir, 1994. Analysis of cytoplasmic and maternal effects. II. Genetic models for triploid endosperm. Theor Appl Genet 89: 160–166.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bao, J., Wu, Y., Hu, B. et al. QTL for rice grain quality based on a DH population derived from parents with similar apparent amylose content. Euphytica 128, 317–324 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021262926145
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021262926145