Abstract
This paper presents the findings of recent research into e-government policies and initiatives undertaken by the Government of Jamaica within the context of selective intervention facilitated through financial and technical assistance. In the specific context of a developing economy it highlights the use of infrastructure building and government intervention to aid diffusion of information and communication technology (ICT) and draws attention to the differences between developed and developing countries in their approach to e-government. A case of the Jamaica Customs Department is provided to exemplify the implementation of e-government in practice. Using institutional factor analysis for IT innovation the interaction of policy and practice is analysed. Four significant themes are identified that characterise the context for e-government policy, together with the associated institutional factors. The relative importance of these factors is demonstrated with Innovation Directive, Standards and Subsidy shown to be prime. These findings contribute to both institutional factor analysis for IT innovation and to ICT adoption theory, and together signal the importance of the inclusion of policy-based intervention in a future research agenda for e-government in a developing country context.
References
Altenburg T and von Drachenfels C (2006) The new minimalist approach to private sector development: a critical assessment. Development Policy Review 24 (4), 387–411.
Avgerou C (2000) IT and organisational change: an institutionalist perspective. Information Technology and People 13 (4), 234–242.
Avgerou C, Ciborra C, Cordella A, Kallinikos J and Smith M (2005) The Role of Information Communication Technology in Building Trust in Governance: Towards Effectiveness and Results. Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, DC. [WWW document] http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/informationSystems/research/researchProjects/roleOfICT.htm (accessed 4 September 2008).
Avgerou C and Walsham G. (Eds) (2001) Information Technology in Context. Ashgate, Brookfield, VT.
Banerjee P and Chau P (2004) An evaluative framework for analyzing e-government convergence capability in developing countries. Electronic Government, an International Journal 1 (1), 29–48.
Barca C and Cordella A (2006) Seconds out, round two: contextualising e-government projects within their institutional milieu – a London authority case study. Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems 18 (1), 37–60.
Baskerville R and Pries-Heje J (2003) Diversity in modelling diffusion of information technology. The Journal of Technology Transfer 28 (2–3), 251–264.
Bekkers V and Homburg V (2007) The myths of e-government: looking beyond the assumptions of a new and better government. The Information Society 23, 373–382.
Bellamy C and Taylor J (1998) Governing in the Information Age. Oxford University Press, Buckingham.
Beynon-Davies P and Martin S (2004) Electronic government and the modernisation agenda: progress and prospects for public service improvement. Local Government Studies 30 (2), 214–229.
Brown DH and Lockett N (2004) Potential of critical e-applications for engaging SMEs in e-business: a provider perspective. European Journal of Information Systems 13, 21–34.
Bui TX, Sankaran S and Sebastion IM (2003) A frame work for measuring national e-readiness. International Journal of Electronic Business 1 (1), 3–22.
Centre for Democracy and Technology (2002) The e-Government Handbook for Developing Countries. World Bank Institute, Washington.
Checkland PB and Poulter J (2006) Learning for Action: A Short Definitive Account of Soft Systems Methodology and Its Use for Practitioners, Teachers and Students. John Wiley, Chichester.
Chen Y, Chen H, Huang W and Ching R (2006) E-government strategies in developed and developing countries: an implementation framework and case study. Journal of Global Information Management 14 (1), 23–26.
Cordella A (2007) E-government: towards the e-bureaucratic form? Journal of Information Technology 22 (3), 265–274.
Damsguarard J and Lyytinen K (1996) Government strategies to promote the diffusion of electronic data interchange: what we know and what we don’t know. Information Infrastructure and Policy 5, 169–190.
Davis F (1989) Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of U. and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly 13 (3), 319–328.
Davis G (1992) A model for the adoption and diffusion of information systems in less developed countries. In The Global Issues of Information Technology Management (PAVLIA S, PAVLIA P and ZIGLI R, Eds), IDEA Group Publishing, Hershey, PA.
Delone W and Mclean E (1992) The Delone and McLean model of information systems success: a ten-year update. Journal of Management Information Systems 19 (4), 9–30.
Dhillon GS, Weerakkody V and Dwivedi YK (2008) Realising transformational stage e-government: a UK local authority perspective. Electronic Government, an International Journal 5 (2), 162–180.
Dimaggio P and Powell W (1983) The iron cage revisited: institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organisational fields. American Sociological Review 48, 147–160.
Economic Intelligence Unit (EIU) (2005) The 2005 E-readiness Rankings. The Economist Intelligence Unit, London.
Economic Intelligence Unit (EIU) (2009) E-readiness Rankings 2009: The Usage Imperative. The Economist Intelligence Unit. [WWW document] http://www-935.ibm.com/services/us/gbs/bus/pdf/e-readiness_rankings_june_2009_final_web.pdf.
Flyvberg B (2006) Five misunderstandings about case study research. Qualitative Inquiry 12, 219–244.
Fountain J (2001) The paradoxes of public sector customer service. Governance 14 (1), 55–73.
Friedland R and Alford R (1991) Bringing society back in: symbols, practices, and institutional contradictions. In The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis (DIMAGGIO P and POWELL W, Eds), pp 232–263, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
FSL (2010) Customs automated systems. [WWW document] http://www.fsl.org.jm/systems/ (accessed 16 September 2010).
Gibbs J, Kraemer K and Dedrick J (2002) Environment and Policy Factors shaping E-commerce Diffusion: A Cross-Country Comparison. Centre for Research on Information technology and Organisations. University of California, Irvine.
Gilbert AL (1992) A transaction costs model of international information technology transfers: the dynamics of intelligence and control. In The Global Issues of Information Technology Management (PALVIA S, PALVIA P and ZIGLI R, Eds), pp 403–426, IDEA Group Publishing, Hershey, PA.
Government of Jamaica (2002) Five-year strategic information technology plan for Jamaica. [WWW document] http://www.mct.gov.jm/ (accessed 6 September 2008).
Government of Jamaica (2003) Electronic commerce (transaction) policy. [WWW document] http://www.mct.gov.jm/ (accessed 12 February 2005).
Government of Jamaica (2006) Transformation of the ICT sector: overview of ICT development in Jamaica. [WWW document] www.mct.gov.jm/transformationoftheicsector2.pdf (accessed 7 September 2008).
Government of Jamaica (2009) Strategic project plan for the restructuring of the public sector 2009–2011. [WWW document] http://www.mct.gov.jm/.
Hanna N (2003) Why national strategies are needed for ICT-enabled development. World Bank Staff Working Paper, Washington, DC.
Heeks R (1999) Reinventing government in the information age. In Reinventing Government in the Information Age: International Practice in IT-enabled Public Sector Reform (HEEKS R, Ed.), pp 9–21, Routledge, London.
Heeks R (2002) Information systems and developing countries: failure, success, and local improvisations. The Information Society 18, 101–112.
Henriksen HZ and Andersen KV (2004) Diffusion of e-commerce in Denmark: an analysis of institutional intervention. Knowledge, Technology & Policy 17 (2), 63–81.
Huang W, D’Ambra J and Bhalla V (2002) An empirical investigation of the adoption of egovernment in Australian citizens: some unexpected research findings. Journal of Computer Information Systems 43 (1), 15–22.
Irani Z, Love P and Jones S (2008) Learning lessons from evaluating eGovernment: reflective case experiences that support transformational government. Journal of Strategic Information Systems 17, 155–164.
Kallinikos J (2006) The Consequences of Information: Institutional Implications of Technological Change. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK.
King JL, Gurbanaxani V, Kraemer KL, Mcfarlan FW, Raman KS and Yap CS (1994) Institutional factors in information technology innovation. Information Systems Research 5 (2), 139–169.
King JL and Kraemer KL (1995) Information infrastructure, national policy, and global competitiveness. Information Infrastructure and Policy 4 (1), 5–28.
King S and Cotterill S (2007) Transformational government? The role of information technology in delivering citizen-centric local public services. Local Government Studies 33 (June), 333–354.
Kovacic ZJ (2005) A brave new e-world? An exploratory analysis of worldwide e-government readiness. International Journal of Electronic Government 1 (3), 15–32.
Lane J (1997) Public sector reform: only deregulation, privatisation and marketisation? In Public Sector Reform: Rational, Trends and Problems (LANE J, Ed.), pp 1–16, Sage Publications, London.
Margetts H (2006) E-government in Britain - a decade on. Parliamentary Affairs 59 (2), 250–265.
Mason J (2002) Qualitative Researching, 2nd edn, Sage, London.
Maxwell J (1996) Qualitative Research Design. Sage, California.
Meyer J and Rowan B (1977) Institutionalised organizations: formal structure as myth and ceremony. American Journal of Sociology 83, 340–363.
Minister for Cabinet Office (2005) Transformational Government-Enabled by Technology. Cabinet Office, London.
Montontealegre R (1999) A temporal model of institutional interventions for information technology adoption in less-developed countries. Journal of Management Information Systems 16 (1), 207–232.
Norris DF and Moon MJ (2005) Advancing e-government at the grassroots: tortoise or hare? Public Administration Review 65 (1), 64–75.
O’Donnell O, Boyle R and Timonen V (2003) Transformational aspects of e-Government in Ireland: issues to be addressed. Electronic Journal of e-Government 1 (1), 23–32. [WWW document] http://ejeg.com/volume-1/volume1-issue-1/issue1-art4-odonnell-boyule-timonen.pdf.
Odera M and Madon S (1993) Information Technology Policies and Applications in the Commonwealth Developing Countries. Commonwealth Secretariat, London.
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (2003) Making Life Easy for Citizens and Businesses in Portugal: Administrative Simplification and e-Government. OECD, Paris.
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (2004) The e-Government Imperative. OECD, Paris.
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (2005) Commerce and Development Report. OECD, Paris.
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (2006) Efforts and Policies of the Members of the Development Assistance Committee. OECD, Paris.
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (2008) e-Government Studies: Finland. OECD, Paris.
Paulwell P (2005) Sectoral Budget Presentation 2005/2006. Ministry of Commerce, Science & Technology (with Energy), Kingston.
Planning Institute of Jamaica (PIOJ) (2005, 2006) Economic update and outlook. [WWW document] www.pioj.gov.jm (accessed 7 January 2009).
Rahman R (2007) E-government readiness: from the design table to the grass roots. ACM International Conference Proceedings Series 232 (archive), 225–232.
Rogers EM (1983) Diffusion of Innovations. Free Press, New York.
Rogers EM (1995) Diffusion of Innovations. Free Press, New York.
Schware R and Deane A (2003) Deploying e-government programs: the strategic importance of ‘I’ before ‘E’. Info 5 (4), 10–19.
Scott J (1990) A Matter of Record. Polity, Cambridge.
Selznick P (1957) Leadership in Administration, A Sociological Interpretation. Harper & Row, New York.
Silverman D (2005) Doing Qualitative Research, 2nd edn, Sage, London.
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (2005) The Digital Divide Report: ICT Diffusion Index 2005. United Nations, New York and Geneva.
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (2006) Information Economy Report: The Development Perspective. United Nations, New York and Geneva.
United Nations Public Administration Network (UNPAN) (2003) Global E-Government Survey: E-government at the Cross Roads. United Nations, New York.
United Nations Public Administration Network (UNPAN) (2004) Global E-Government Readiness Report: Towards access for Opportunity. United Nations, New York.
United Nations Public Administration Network (UNPAN) (2005) Global E-Government Readiness Report: From E-Government to E-Inclusion. United Nations, New York.
United Nations Public Administration Network (UNPAN) (2008) Global E-Government Survey 2008: From E-Government to Connected Governance. United Nations, New York.
Venkatesh V, Morris M, Davis G and Davis F (2003) User acceptance of information technology: towards a unified view. MIS Quarterly 27 (3), 425–438.
West DM (2004) E-government and transformation of service delivery and citizen attitudes. Public Administration Review 64 (1), 15–27.
World Bank (2001) Bridging the digital divide in the Americas. [WWW document] www.worldbank.com (accessed 10 January 2009).
World Bank (2004) Jamaica: The Road to Sustained Growth, World Bank Country Study, World Bank, Washington.
World Bank (2005) World development report: a better investment climate for everyone. [WWW document] http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWDR2005/Resources/complete_report.pdf.
World Bank (2007a) Definition of e-government. [WWW document] http://go.worldbank.org/M1JHEOZZ280.
World Bank (2007b) World development report 2007: development and the next generation. [WWW document] http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTDEC/EXTRESEARCH/EXTWDRS/EXTWDR2007/0.
WSIS (2005) Tunis agenda for the information society. [WWW document] http://www.itu.int/wsis/docs2/tunis/off/6rev1.html (accessed 12 January 2009).
Yin RK (2003) Case Study research: Design and Methods, 3rd edn, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to express their thanks to the Jamaican Government, Association of Commonwealth Universities and the British Council for funding this research. Thanks also to all the participants from government institutions and organisations who gave their time and valuable information. Special thanks to the Ministry of Commerce, Science and Technology, including Michael DuQuesnay, for facilitating access and encouraging independent research. The authors also wish to acknowledge the constructive suggestions of the three reviewers and of the editors in the drafting of this paper.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
†Both authors contributed equally to this paper
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Brown, D., Thompson, S. Priorities, policies and practice of e-government in a developing country context: ICT infrastructure and diffusion in Jamaica. Eur J Inf Syst 20, 329–342 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1057/ejis.2011.3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/ejis.2011.3