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A Devious Equatorial Dipole Hypothesis: on the Low-Latitude Glaciations Problem and Geomagnetic Field Configuration in Late Precambrian

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Abstract—The analysis of paleomagnetic data from Late Neoproterozoic complexes of Siberia and Australia is carried out. We show that the existing paleomagnetic datasets are in a disagreement with the concept of the axial-dipole configuration of the Late Neoproterozoic geomagnetic field: proposed non-actualistic models of the field do not reasonably explain the distribution of the paleomagnetic poles. We carried out analysis of paleomagnetic and virtual geomagnetic poles distribution based on simple geometric calculations. The analysis suggests that the configuration of the Late Neoproterozoic geomagnetic field was determined by the coexistence of a weak, long-lived source that was stably fixed in space, with a main dipole source that experienced sporadic multidirectional jumps within a certain preferred region of the Earth. Predominantly equatorial orientation of the main dipole source is substantiated by paleoclimate proxies. We propose a descriptive non-actualistic model of the Late Neoproterozoic geomagnetic field—the Devious Equatorial Dipole hypothesis, which brings paleomagnetic and paleoclimate data into accordance.

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Notes

  1. The Ranford Formation is correlated with Brachina Formation of the Adelaide Basin (Lan and Chen, 2012 and references therein).

  2. The “old” paleomagnetic determinations obtained with low intensity and low degree of detail of demagnetizations are not considered in this work.

  3. A number of studies (Chumakov, 2015 and references therein) substantiate the view that the Sturtian glacial period (in the understanding of Ogg et al., 2016) consisted of two discrete glaciations—Sturt-I (or Rapiten) and Sturt- II (or Sturt) separated by a long interglacial period. Inasmuch as the duration of the Sturt glaciation in the sections of the Yenisei Ridge is as of now unclear, the age of the “pre-glacial” Vandadyk Formation can be both ~700 and 728–720 Ma.

  4. Naturally, we cannot make a similar conclusion regarding the single poles older than 550 Ma; however, their belonging to the Madagascar group is evident.

  5. The data are presented for the objects where the directions of N- and R-polarities are obtained in a single section. We do not show the corresponding normals for determination no. 18 (Table 1) for which deviations of N- and R-components from antipodality can be explained by the contamination by metachronous component and fr determinations nos. 7 and 21 where the deviation from antipodality is small and does not exceed a critical value.

  6. As the main source of the Australian group (table), we use pole no. 3 because in this paleomagnetic direction, the parasitic contribution of TLS is partially compensated due to bipolarity (under the reversal of polarities, full compensation of TLS is only possible when TLS is oriented orthogonally to the source contaminated by it). For the predominantly bipolar Madagascar group, we use the averaged (group-average) pole. The calculations of the “expected” declination and inclinations for TLS from the dipole model are purely illustrative as the origin of this source is unclear.

  7. Actually, the N- and R-directions of the Lopata Formation are not antipodal: the substantial increase of the statistics for the section has shown that the deviation from antipodality is ~2.5° but this deviation is statistically significant (unpublished authors’ data).

  8. For each site, we calculated the paleomagnetic poles with a general correction for inclination flattening (King, 1955). Next, from the averaged (corrected for inclination bias) paleomagnetic pole, we calculated the paleomagnetic directions for the sites. In these model paleomagnetic directions, the inclination was accordingly “inversely” flattened, and the directions were converted back into the paleomagnetic poles. The range of the scatter (the stretching on a great circle) of the resulting model poles was compared to that of the original poles of the set.

  9. An essentially close paleomagnetic result was obtained from the Ediacaran intrusions of the Grenville dyke swarm, North America (Halls et al., 2015).

  10.  GP (Long = 122.3°; Lat = –38.1°; A95 = 12.8°) was calculated as the normal to the great circle approximating the distribution of the averaged poles over the Yaltipena, Elatina, Nuccaleena, Brachina, Bunyeroo, Wonoka formations; TLS (Long =103.3°; Lat = 62.2°; A95 = 27.8°) was calculated from the intersection of the great circles approximating the distribution of the individual VGPs of each formation.

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Funding

The analysis of paleomagnetic data on the Neoproterozoic of Siberia and Australia was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 17-05-00021). The synthesis of the results of stratigraphic studies for the Neoproterozoic strata of the Yenisei Ridge and the Baikal–Patom region was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 19-05-00794) and by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 18-77-00059), respectively. The paleomagnetic, regional geological and isotopic studies in the southwestern Siberian platform were carried out in partial fulfillment of the state contracts of the Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth and Geological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123242, Moscow, Russia

    A. V. Shatsillo, D. V. Rud’ko, I. V. Fedyukin & V. I. Powerman

  2. Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119017, Moscow, Russia

    S. V. Rud’ko, I. V. Latysheva & N. B. Kuznetsov

  3. Institute of Precambrian Geology and Geochronology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034, St.-Petersburg, Russia

    S. V. Rud’ko

  4. Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033, Irkutsk, Russia

    V. I. Powerman

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  1. A. V. Shatsillo
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  2. S. V. Rud’ko
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  3. I. V. Latysheva
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  4. D. V. Rud’ko
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Correspondence to A. V. Shatsillo.

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Translated by M. Nazarenko

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Shatsillo, A.V., Rud’ko, S.V., Latysheva, I.V. et al. A Devious Equatorial Dipole Hypothesis: on the Low-Latitude Glaciations Problem and Geomagnetic Field Configuration in Late Precambrian. Izv., Phys. Solid Earth 56, 833–853 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1069351320060087

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