Abstract
We investigated how the parameters of the spectral analysis affect standard deviation and error of the estimation of well-known indices for the heart rate variability. We compared the nonparametric Fourier transform to the parametric approach based on autoregressive models. We also investigated how the precision of the indices estimation depends on the choice of the window function, parameterization of the Bartlett’s method, and the lengths of time series. For each set of parameters, we calculated the sensitivity and specificity of the resulting indices when diagnosing arterial hypertension. To isolate and investigate the errors caused by inaccuracy of the spectral analysis itself, we conducted our study using the mathematical models of heart rate variability for healthy subjects and arterial hypertension patients, for which the correct values of the spectral indices are known. The obtained results suggest that the analysis of 20-min signals, comparing to 5-min signals, significantly decreases the standard deviation of the estimations and increases both their sensitivity and specificity. We found no advantages of using the parametric approach over the Fourier transform. We have shown that application of the Hann’s window function and normalization of the spectral indices decreases the sensitivity and specificity of the medical diagnostics.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
References
Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Circulation (1996). https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.93.5.1043
M.D. Prokhorov, A.S. Karavaev, Yu.M. Ishbulatov, V.I. Ponomarenko, A.R. Kiselev, J. Kurths, Phys. Rev. E (2021). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.103.042404
D.L. Eckberg, Circulation (1997). https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.96.9.3224
D.S. Goldstein, O. Bentho, M.Y. Park, Y. Sharabi, Exp. Physiol. (2011). https://doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.2010.056259
G.A. Reyes del Paso, W. Langewitz, L.J. Mulder, A. van Roon, S. Duschek, Psychophysiology (2013). https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12027
M.J. Niemelä, K.E. Airaksinen, H.V. Huikuri, J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (1994). https://doi.org/10.1016/0735-1097(94)90379-4
J.P. Singh, M.G. Larson, H. Tsuji, J.C. Evans, C.J. O’Donnell, D. Levy, Hypertension (1998). https://doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.32.2.293
H. Tsuji, F.J. Venditti Jr., E.S. Manders, J.C. Evans, M.G. Larson, C.L. Feldman, D. Levy, Circulation (1994). https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.90.2.878
A.J. Camm, C.M. Pratt, P.J. Schwartz, H.R. Al-Khalidi, M.J. Spyt, M.J. Holroyde, R. Karam, E.H. Sonnenblick, J.M. Brum, Circulation (2004). https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000117090.01718.2A
D. Liao, C. Mercedes, G.W. Evans, W.E. Cascio, G. Heiss, Diabetes (2002). https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3524
R.M. Carney, J.A. Blumenthal, K.E. Freedland, P.K. Stein, W.B. Howells, L.F. Berkman, L.L. Watkins, S.M. Czajkowski, J. Hayano, P.P. Domitrovich, A.S. Jaffe, Arch. Intern. Med. (2005). https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.165.13.1486
M.T. La Rovere, G.D. Pinna, S.H. Hohnloser, F.I. Marcus, A. Mortara, R. Nohara, J.T. Bigger Jr., A.J. Camm, P.J. Schwartz, Circulation (2001). https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.103.16.2072
S. Hillebrand, K.B. Gast, R. de Mutsert, C.A. Swenne, J.W. Jukema, S. Middeldorp, F.R. Rosendaal, O.M. Dekkers, EP Europace (2013). https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/eus341
J.M. Dekker, R.S. Crow, A.R. Folsom, P.J. Hannan, D. Liao, C.A. Swenne, E.G. Schouten, Circulation (2000). https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.102.11.1239
V.N. Patel, B.R. Pierce, R.K. Bodapati, D.L. Brown, D.G. Ives, P.K. Stein, JACC Heart Fail. (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2016.12.015
P.K. Stein, J.I. Barzilay, P.H. Chaves, S.Q. Mistretta, P.P. Domitrovich, J.S. Gottdiener, M.W. Rich, R.E. Kleiger, J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. (2008). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.2008.01232.x
X. Gong, L. Huang, X. Liu, C. Li, X. Mao, W. Liu, X. Huang, H. Chu, Y. Wang, W. Wu, J. Lu, PLoS One (2016). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156628
A.R. Kiselev, E.I. Borovkova, V.A. Shvartz, V.V. Skazkina, A.S. Karavaev, M.D. Prokhorov, A.Y. Ispiryan, S.A. Mironov, O.L. Bockeria, Sci. Rep. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-58196-z
A.R. Kiselev, A.S. Karavaev, Blood Press. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1080/08037051.2019.1645586
A. Natarajan, A. Pantelopoulos, H. Emir-Farinas, P. Natarajan, Lancet (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(20)30246-6
A. Schäfer, J. Vagedes, Int. J. Cardiol. (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.03.119
A.S. Karavaev, A.S. Borovik, E.I. Borovkova, E.A. Orlova, M.A. Simonyan, V.I. Ponomarenko, V.V. Skazkina, V.I. Gridnev, B.P. Bezruchko, M.D. Prokhorov, A.R. Kiselev, Biophys. J. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2021.05.020
R. Sassi, S. Cerutti, F. Lombardi, M. Malik, H.V. Huikuri, C.K. Peng, G. Schmidt, Y. Yamamoto, Europace (2015). https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euv015
G. Vandewalle, B. Middleton, S.M. Rajaratnam, B.M. Stone, B. Thorleifsdottir, J. Arendt, D.J. Dijk, J. Sleep Res. (2007). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2869.2007.00581.x
M. Reardon, M. Malik, Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. (1996). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.1996.tb03241.x
U. Zulfiqar, D.A. Jurivich, W. Gao, D.H. Singer, Am. J. Cardiol. (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.12.022
B.Q. Farah, A. Andrade-Lima, A.H. Germano-Soares, D.G.D. Christofaro, M.V.G. de Barros, W.L. do Prado, R.M. Ritti-Dias, Pediatr. Cardiol. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-017-1775-6
K. Howorka, J. Pumprla, P. Haber, J. Koller-Strametz, J. Mondrzyk, A. Schabmann, Cardiovasc. Res. (1997). https://doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6363(97)00040-0
G.U. Yule, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A 226 (1927). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1927.0007
G. Walker, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A 131 (1931). https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1931.0069
R.H. Fagard, K. Stolarz, T. Kuznetsova, J. Seidlerov, V. Tikhonoff, T. Grodzicki, Y. Nikitin, J. Filipovsky, J. Peleska, E. Casiglia, L. Thijs, J.A. Staessen, K. Kawecka-Jaszcz, J. Hypertens. (2007). https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0b013e3282efc1fe
Funding
This work was supported by the Project of RF Government, Grant no. 075-15-2022-1094.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Ishbulatov, Y.M., Gridnev, V.I., Ponomarenko, V.I. et al. Problem of power spectra estimation in application to the analysis of heart rate variability. Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 232, 615–624 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-022-00731-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-022-00731-2