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Determination of Reference Ultrasound Parameters for Model and Hydrofluoroalkane Propellants Using High-Resolution Ultrasonic Spectroscopy

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Abstract

The aim of this research was to determine the reference ultrasonic velocity (v) and attenuation coefficient (α) for 2H, 3H-perfluoropentane (HPFP), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFA-134a) and 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroethane (HFA-227) propellants, for the future purpose of characterising pressurised metered dose inhaler (pMDI) formulations using high-resolution ultrasonic spectroscopy (HRUS). Perfluoroheptane (PFH) was used as a reference material for HPFP. With its velocity and attenuation coefficient determined at 25 °C, HPFP was subsequently used as a reference for HFA-134a and HFA-227. It was found that there is a linear decline in ultrasonic velocity with an increase in temperature. As with HPFP, the ultrasonic velocity of HFA-134a and HFA-227 were successfully calculated at 25 °C. However, the difference in density and viscosity between reference and sample prevented accurate determination of reference attenuation coefficient for the hydrofluoroalkanes. With ultrasonic velocity alone, dispersion concentration and stability monitoring for experimental pMDI formulations is possible using HRUS. However, at this point in time measurement of particle size is not feasible.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Faculty of Pharmacy at the University of Sydney (Australia) and AstraZeneca R&D Loughborough (UK).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia

    Susan Hoe, Paul M. Young & Daniela Traini

  2. Novartis Horsham Research Centre, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex, RH12 5AB, UK

    Philippe Rogueda

Authors
  1. Susan Hoe
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  2. Paul M. Young
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  3. Philippe Rogueda
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  4. Daniela Traini
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Correspondence to Daniela Traini.

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Hoe, S., Young, P.M., Rogueda, P. et al. Determination of Reference Ultrasound Parameters for Model and Hydrofluoroalkane Propellants Using High-Resolution Ultrasonic Spectroscopy. AAPS PharmSciTech 9, 605–611 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-008-9087-z

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