Vinblastin-carboplatin for metastatic cutaneous melanoma as first-line chemotherapy and in dacarbazine failures

Summary

First-line treatments of metastatic melanoma are usually decarbazine (DTIC) and/or α-interferon based, with response rates in the range of at most 20–30%. In this study, initiated, in fact, by a temporary DTIC shortage in the country, we have assessed the efficacy and toxicity of a vinblastine — carboplatin regimen for metastatic melanoma. The regimen was subsquently applied in two cohorts of patients: a chemotherapy-naive one and in DTIC failures (because the regimen was claimed non-cross-resistant). The regimen contained 6 mg/m² vinblastine on d 1 and 450 mg/m² carboplatin on d 1 for 3 wk. In the chemotherapy-naïve cohort, 50 patients were included, 29 males and 21 females, median age 54 yr (range: 33–68), performance status 0+1 for 26 patients and 2+3 for 24 patients. Forty-eight patients were evaluable for activity. The response was the following: complete response (CR), 1/48 (2%); partial response (PR), 13/48 (27%); stable disease (SD), 20/48 (42%); progressive disease (PD), 14/48 (29%). The overall response rate was 14/48 (29%). The median response duration was 7 mo (range: 3–14); the median time to progression was 4 mo (range: 2–14). Toxicity included granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia grade IV in 3/50 patients and nausea grade II in 8/50 patients. In the DTIC-failures cohort, 58 patients were included, 38 males and 20 females, median age 51 yr (range: 20–65), performance status 0+1 for 25 patients and 2+3 for 33 patients. All 58 patients were evaluable for activity. The response was the following: CR 3/58 (5%), PR 4/58 (7%), SD 10/58 (17%), PD 41/58 (71%). The overall response rate was 7/58 (12%). The median response duration was 11 mo (range: 3–24); the median time to progression was 4 mo (range: 2–24). Toxicities included granulocytopenia grade IV in 4/58 patients and nausea grade II in 4/58 patients. Thus, despite the fact that the regimen achieved a response rate comparable to DTIC in a first-line setting, the lack of cross-resistance did not prevent it from being of limited activity in DTIC failures, although, even in this group, several long-lasting responses and stabilizations were noted.