Abstract
Here we will discuss the development of arrays of mammalian cells of differing phenotype integrated with microfluidics and microsensors for applications such as drug screening and used to monitor cellular effects of multiple chemical and biological candidates. To fabricate these arrays, we immobilized either single or small groups of cells in 3-dimensional poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel microstructures fabricated on plastic or glass surfaces. These microstructures were created using either photolithography or printed using microarray robots. The resulting hydrogel microstructures were fabricated to dimensions as small as 10 microns in diameter with aspect ratios as high as 1.4. The gels were highly swollen with water to permit mass transfer of nutrients and potential analytes to the cells, and cell adhesion molecules were immobilized in the gel to allow cell attachment and spreading. Cell viability was confirmed using fluorescent assays and ESEM used to verify complete cell encapsulation. The specific and non-specific response of these cells to target molecules was monitored using optical or electrochemical detectors and analyzed to quantify the effect of these agents on the different phenotypes present in the array.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Kane, R.S., Takayama, S., Ostuni, E., Ingber, D.E., and Whitesides, G.M., Patterning proteins and cells using soft lithography. Biomaterials, 1999. 20: p. 2363–2376.
Singhvi, R., Kumar, A., Lopez, G., Stephanopoulos, G., Wang, D., Whitesides, G., and Ingber, D., Engineering Cell Shape and Function. Science, 1994. 264: p. 696–698.
Takayama, S., McDonald, J., Ostuni, E., Liang, M., Kenis, P., Ismagilov, R., and Whitesides, G., Patterning cells and their environments using multiple laminar fluid flows in capillary networks. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1999. 96: p. 5545–5548.
Xia, Y. and Whitesides, G., Soft Lithography. Angew. Chem. Intl. Ed., 1998. 37: p. 550–575.
Cruise, G.M., Hegre, O.D., Lamberti, F.V., Hager, S.R., Hill, R., Scharp, D.S., and Hubbell, J.A., In vitro and in vivo performance of porcine islets encapsulated in interfacially photopolymerized poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate membranes. Cell Transplantation, 1999. 8: p. 293–306.
Hern, D. and Hubbell, J., Incorporation of adhesion peptides into nonadhesive hydrogels useful for tissue resurfacing. J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 1998. 39: p. 266–276.
Pathak, C.P., Sawhney, A.S., and Hubbell, J.A., Rapid photopolymerization of immunoprotective gels in contact with cells and tissue. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1992. 114: p. 8311–8312.
Mellott, M., Axel, A., Shields, K., and Pishko, M., Release of protein from highly cross-linked hydrogels of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate fabricated by UV polymerization. Biomaterials, 2001. 22: p. 929–941.
Russell, R., Axel, A., Shields, K., and Pishko, M., Mass Transfer in Rapidly Photopolymerized Poly(ethylene glycol) Hydrogels Used for Chemical Sensing. Polymer, 2001. 42: p. 4893–4901.
Revzin, A.R., R.; Yadavalli, V.; Koh, W.; Deister, C.; Hile, D.; Mellott, M.; Pishko, M., Fabrication of Poly(ethylene glycol) Hydrogel Microstructures Using Photolithography. Langmuir, 2001. 17: p. 5440–5447.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Koh, WG., Pishko, M. Cells in Micropatterned Hydrogels: Applications in Biosensing. MRS Online Proceedings Library 723, 55 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-723-O5.5
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-723-O5.5