Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Experimental and three-dimensional mesoscopic investigation of coral aggregate concrete under dynamic splitting-tensile loading

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Materials and Structures Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

An investigation that combines both experimental tests and mesoscopic modelling is conducted to characterize the dynamic splitting-tensile behavior of coral aggregate concrete (CAC). Static and dynamic splitting-tensile strength and failure patterns of CAC with different uniaxial compressive strength (30–70 MPa) are tested by means of MTS machine and Split-Hopkinson pressure bar device, respectively. A three-dimensional (3D) randomly mesoscopic model for the simulation of the splitting-tensile strength and failure of CAC under different strain rates (1–200 s−1) is developed and validated by contrasting tested and numerical results. The experimental and numerical results indicate that the splitting-tensile strength and failure pattern are significantly affected by concrete strength and strain rate. The dynamic splitting failure mechanism that the damage outside the specimen is more serious than the inside, and the fracture in the center of the specimen is more severe than the edge, has been explained from the localized failure patterns of concrete and aggregates. Furthermore, it can be learned from the tensile dynamic increase factor of CAC is sensitive to strain rate significantly, which has a profound significance in the further investigation of reef CAC structures.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Tedesco JW, Ross CA (1998) Strain-rate-dependent constitutive equations for concrete. ASME J Press Vessel Technol 120:398–405

    Google Scholar 

  2. Carmona S, Aguado A (2012) New model for the indirect determination of the tensile stress–strain curve of concrete by means of the Brazilian test. Mater Struct 45(10):1473–1485

    Google Scholar 

  3. Wright PJF (1955) Comments on an indirect tensile test on concrete cylinders. Mag Concr Res 20(7):87–95

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  4. Carneiro F, Barcellos A (2014) A Re´sistance a la traction des betons. RILEM Bull 13:98–125 (ASTM International)

    Google Scholar 

  5. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) (2004) Standard C496/C496M-04. Standard test method for splitting tensile strength of cylindrical concrete specimens. Annu Book ASTM Stand 04(02):281–284

    Google Scholar 

  6. Rossi P, van Mier JGM, Toutlemonde F, Le Maou F, Fabrice BC (1994) Effect of loading rate on the strength of concrete subjected to uniaxial tension. Mater Struct 27(5):260–264

    Google Scholar 

  7. Lok TS, Zhao PJ, Lu G (2003) Using the split Hopkinson pressure bar to investigate the dynamic behaviour of SFRC. Mag Concr Res 55(2):183–191

    Google Scholar 

  8. Chen X, Wu S, Zhou J (2014) Experimental study on dynamic tensile strength of cement mortar using split Hopkinson pressure bar technique. J Mater Civ Eng 26(6):04014005

    Google Scholar 

  9. Ruiz G, Ortiz M, Pandolfi A (2000) Three-dimensional finite-element simulation of the dynamic Brazilian tests on concrete cylinders. Int J Numer Meth Eng 48(7):963–994

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  10. Lu Y, Li Q (2011) About the dynamic uniaxial tensile strength of concrete-like materials. Int J Impact Eng 38(4):171–180

    Google Scholar 

  11. Chen X, Ge L, Zhou J, Wu S (2017) Dynamic Brazilian test of concrete using split Hopkinson pressure bar. Mater Struct 50(1):1

    Google Scholar 

  12. Wang Z, Kwan AKH, Chan H (1999) Mesoscopic study of concrete I: generation of random aggregate structure and finite element mesh. Comput Struct 70:533–544

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. Fang Q, Zhang J (2014) 3D numerical modeling of projectile penetration into rock-rubble overlays accounting for random distribution of rock-rubble. Int J Impact Eng 63:118–128

    Google Scholar 

  14. Zhang J, Zhang Y, Fang Q (2018) Numerical simulation of shock wave propagation in dry sand based on a 3D mesoscopic model. Int J Impact Eng 117:102–112

    Google Scholar 

  15. Fang Q, Zhang J (2012) Three-dimensional numerical modelling of concrete-like materials subjected to dynamic loadings. In: Advances in protective structures, pp 33–64. CRC Press, Boca Raton

  16. Fang Q, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Gong Z, Chen L, Liu J (2016) 3D numerical investigation of cement mortar with microscopic defects at high strain rates. J Mater Civ Eng ASCE 28(3):1–10

    Google Scholar 

  17. Wittmann FH, Roelfstra PE, Sadouki H (1985) Simulation and analysis of composite structures. Mater Sci Eng 68(2):239–248

    Google Scholar 

  18. Tregger N, Corr D, Crham-Brady L, Shah S (2006) Modeling the effect of mesoscale randomness on concrete fracture. Probab Eng Mech 21:217–225

    Google Scholar 

  19. Agioutantis Z, Stiakakis C, Kleftakis S (2002) Numerical simulation of the mechanical behaviour of epoxy based mortars under compressive loads. Comput Struct 80:2074–2084

    Google Scholar 

  20. Häfner S, Eckardt S, Luther T, Könke C (2006) Mesoscale modelling of concrete: geometry and numerics. Comput Struct 84:450–461

    Google Scholar 

  21. Du X, Jin L, Ma G (2014) Numerical simulation of dynamic tensile-failure of concrete at meso-scale. Int J Impact Eng 66(4):5–17

    Google Scholar 

  22. Jin L, Yu W, Du X, Zhang S, Li D (2019) Meso-scale modelling of the size effect on dynamic compressive failure of concrete under different strain rates. Int J Impact Eng 125:1–12

    Google Scholar 

  23. Bazant ZP, Tabbara MR, Kazemi MT, Pijaudier-Cabot G (1990) Random particle model for fracture of aggregate or fibre composites. J Eng Mech ASCE 116:1686–1705

    Google Scholar 

  24. Zhou X, Hao H (2008) Mesoscale modelling of concrete tensile failure mechanism at high strain rates. Comput Struct 86(21):2013–2026

    Google Scholar 

  25. Wriggers P, Moftah SO (2006) Mesoscale models for concrete: homogenisation and damage behaviour. Finite Element Anal Des 42:623–636

    Google Scholar 

  26. Lu Y, Song Z, Tu Z (2010) Analysis of dynamic response of concrete using a mesoscale model incorporating 3D effects. Int J Prot Struct 1(2):197–217

    Google Scholar 

  27. Jin L, Yu W, Du X, Yang W (2019) Mesoscopic numerical simulation of dynamic size effect on the splitting-tensile strength of concrete. Eng Fract Mech 209:317–332

    Google Scholar 

  28. Da B, Yu H, Ma H, Tan Y, Mi R, Dou X (2016) Experimental investigation of whole stress–strain curves of coral concrete. Constr Build Mater 122:81–89

    Google Scholar 

  29. Yu H, Da B, Ma H, Zhu H, Yu Q, Ye H, Jing X (2017) Durability of concrete structures in tropical atoll environment. Ocean Eng 135:1–10

    Google Scholar 

  30. Nutter BE (1943) The use of coral aggregate. J ACI Mater 15(1):61–65

    Google Scholar 

  31. Rasmussen IS (1946) Concrete at advance bases. J ACI Mater 17(5):541–551

    Google Scholar 

  32. Dempsey G (1951) Coral and salt water as concrete materials. J ACI Mater 23:157–166

    Google Scholar 

  33. Narver DL (1964) Good concrete made with coral and water. Civ Eng 24:654–858

    Google Scholar 

  34. Howdyshell PA (1974) The use of coral as an aggregate for Portland cement concrete structures. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory

  35. Vines FR (1982) Experience with use of coral detritus as concrete aggregate in Western Samoa. Aust Road Res 12(1):17–28

    Google Scholar 

  36. Bullen F (1990) Coralline concrete in the Pacific. In: Proceedings of the third international colloquium on concrete in developing countries, Beijing

  37. Rick AE (1991) Coral concrete at bikini atoll. Concr Int 1:19–24

    Google Scholar 

  38. Wu Z, Yu H, Ma H, Zhang J, Da B, Zhu H (2019) Rebar corrosion in coral aggregate concrete: determination of chloride threshold by LPR. Corros Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2019.108238(in press)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Da B, Yu H, Ma H, Wu Z (2018) Research on compression behavior of coral aggregate reinforced concrete columns under large eccentric compression loading. Ocean Eng 155:251–261

    Google Scholar 

  40. Da B, Yu H, Ma H, Tan Y, Mi R, Dou X (2016) Chloride diffusion study of coral concrete in a marine environment. Constr Build Mater 123:47–58

    Google Scholar 

  41. Wu Z, Yu H, Ma H, Da B, Tan Y (2019) Rebar corrosion behavior of coral aggregate seawater concrete by electrochemical techniques. Anti Corros Methods Mater. https://doi.org/10.1108/ACMM-05-2019-2128(in press)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Ma H, Da B, Yu H, Wu Z (2018) Research on flexural behavior of coral aggregate reinforced concrete beams. China Ocean Eng 32(5):593–604

    Google Scholar 

  43. Tan Y, Yu H, Mi R, Zhang Y (2019) Compressive strength evaluation of coral aggregate seawater concrete (CAC) by non-destructive techniques. Eng Struct 176:293–302

    Google Scholar 

  44. Hughes ML, Tedesco JW, Ross CA (1993) Numerical analysis of high strain rate splitting-tensile tests. Comput Struct 47(4):653–671

    Google Scholar 

  45. Gomez JT, Shukla A, Sharma A (2001) Static and dynamic behaviour of concrete and granite in tension with damage. Theor Appl Fract Mech 36(1):37–49

    Google Scholar 

  46. Tedesco JW, Ross CA, Kuennen ST (1993) Experimental and numerical analysis of high strain rates splitting tensile tests. J ACI Mater 90(2):162–169

    Google Scholar 

  47. Zielinski AJ, Reinhardt HW, Kormeling HA (1981) Experiments on concrete under uniaxial impact loading. Mater Struct 14(2):103–112

    Google Scholar 

  48. Brara A, Klepaczko JR (2006) Experimental characterization of concrete in dynamic tension. Mech Mater 38(3):253–267

    Google Scholar 

  49. Bisschop J, Van Mier JGM (2002) How to study drying shrinkage microcracking in cement-based materials using optical and scanning electron microscopy? Cem Concr Res 32(2):279–287

    Google Scholar 

  50. Mi R, Yu H, Ma H (2016) Study on the mechanical property of coral concrete. Ocean Eng 34(4):48–54

    Google Scholar 

  51. Wu Z, Yu H, Ma H (2018) Study on the mechanical properties of new coral aggregate seawater concrete. Ocean Eng 36(03):59–68

    Google Scholar 

  52. Yuan Y (2015) Mix design and property of coral aggregate concrete. M.S.D. Thesis. Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing (in Chinese)

  53. Yue C (2019) Research on dynamic and static mechanical properties of coral aggregate seawater concrete. M.S.D. Thesis. Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing (in Chinese)

  54. Malvar LJ, Crawford JE, Wesevich JW (1997) A plasticity concrete material model for Dyna3D. Int J Impact Eng 19(9):847–873

    Google Scholar 

  55. Schwer LE, Murray YD (1994) A three-invariant smooth cap model with mixed hardening. Int J Numer Anal Meth Geomech 18:657–688

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  56. LS-DYNA (2006) Keyword user’s manual. Livermore Software Technology Corporation, Livermore

    Google Scholar 

  57. Jin Y, Chen T, Meng Q, Hu M (2017) Difference of coral skeletal structure revealed by compressive strength measurements. J Trop Oceanogr 36(2):33–39

    Google Scholar 

  58. Wang X, Wang R, Meng Q, Chen J (2008) Research on characteristics of coral reef calcareous rock in Nansha Islands. Chin J Rocks Mech Eng 27(11):2221–2226

    Google Scholar 

  59. Lorman WR (1960) Characteristics of coral mortars. U.S. Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory, Port Hueneme, California, NCEL (Technical Report TR-041)

  60. Hua S (2019) Research on the microstructure and the mechanical property of interface transition zone of coral concrete. M.S. Thesis. Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing (in Chinese)

  61. Weerheijm J (1992) Concrete under impact tensile loading and lateral compression. D.S. Thesis. TNO Prins Maurits Laboraroty, Rijswijk, pp 77–80

  62. Katayama M, Itoh M, Tamura S, Beppu M, Ohno T (2007) Numerical analysis method for the RC and geological structures subjected to extreme loading by energetic materials. Int J Impact Eng 34(9):1546–1561

    Google Scholar 

  63. Birkimer DL, Lindemann R (1971) Dynamic tensile strength of concrete materials. J ACI Mater 68(1):47–49

    Google Scholar 

  64. Ross CA, Tedesco JW (1989) Split-Hopkinson pressure-bar tests on concrete and mortar in tension and compression. J ACI Mater 86(5):475–481

    Google Scholar 

  65. Euro-International Committee for Concrete (1991) CEB-FIP model code 1990. Thomas Telford Services Ltd, London

    Google Scholar 

  66. Malvar LJ, Ross CA (1998) Review of strain rate effects for concrete in tension. J ACI Mater 95(6):735–739

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 11832013, No. 51778623, No. 51878350, No. 51678304 and No. 51508272. We strongly thank the reviewers and editors for their valuable and instructive suggestions.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Zhangyu Wu, Hongfa Yu or Jinhua Zhang.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Human participants and/or animals

The research doesn’t involves Human Participants and Animals.

Informed consent

The ethics responsibility is informed and acknowledged to all the authors as a part of content of right of informed consent.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ma, H., Wu, Z., Yu, H. et al. Experimental and three-dimensional mesoscopic investigation of coral aggregate concrete under dynamic splitting-tensile loading. Mater Struct 53, 12 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-020-1447-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-020-1447-5

Keywords

Navigation