Abstract
This study concerns the stereophenomenon obtained with binocular viewing of dynamic visual noise with a neutral density filter over one eye. Such a display offers the opportunity to study quantitatively the way in which perceptions are organized when the stimulus provides virtually no organization. Measurements are reported of interocular delay times, apparent depth, and horizontal streaming velocity. The effects of changes in filter density, viewing distance, and dot rate are discussed within the context of various theoretical models that have been proposed. These models attribute the stereophenomenon to temporal disparity, the Pulfrich effect, and random spatial disparity. None is shown to account fully for all aspects of the phenomenon. Finally, the effects of tracking are explained as a property of dynamic visual noise.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Reference Note
Ward, R. M., & Morgan, M. J.Eye tracking without a target in random noise. Unpublished manuscript, University of Cambridge, 1977.
References
Diener, H. C., Wist, E. R., Dichgans, J., &Brandt, Th. The spatial frequency effect on perceived velocity.Vision Research, 1976,16, 169–176.
Julesz, B., &Payne, R. A. Differences between monocular and binocular stroboscopic movement perception.Vision Research, 1968,8, 433–444.
Julesz, B., &Tyler, C. W. Neurontropy, an entropy-like measure of neural correlation, in binocular fusion and rivalry.Biological Cybernetics, 1976,23, 23–32.
Kase, M., Noda, H., Suzuki, D. A., &Miller, D. C. Target velocity signals of visual tracking in vermal Purkinje cells of the monkey.Science, 1979,205, 717–720.
Kaufman, L.Sight and mind. New York: Oxford University Press, 1974.
Kelly, D. H. Motion and vision. I1. Stabilized spatio-temporal threshold surface.Journal of the Optical Society of America, 1979,69, 1340–1349.
Levick, W. R., Cleland, B. G., &Coombs, J.S. On the apparent orbit of the Pulfrich pendulum.Vision Research, 1972,12, 1381–1388.
MacDonalo, R. I. Temporal stereopsis and dynamic visual noise.Vision Research, 1977,17, 1127–1128.
Mezrich, J. J., &Rose, A. Coherent motion and stereopsis in dynamic visual noise.Vision Research, 1977,17, 903–910.
Morgan, M.J. Pulfrich effect and the filling in of apparent motion.Perception, 1976,5, 187–195.
Morgan, M. J., &Thompson, P. Apparent motion and the Pulfrich effect.Perception, 1975,4, 3–18.
Murphy, B. J., Kowler, E., &Steinman, R. M. Slow oculomotor control in the presence of moving backgrounds.Vision Research, 1975,15, 1263–1268.
Pantle, A. Motion aftereffect magnitude as a measure of the spatio-temporal response properties of direction-sensitive analyzers.Vision Research, 1974,14, 1229–1236.
Rogers, B. J., &Anstis, S. M. Intensity vs. adaptation and the Pulfrich stereophenomenon.Vision Research, 1972,12, 909–928.
Ross, J. Stereopsis by binocular delay.Nature, 1974,248, 363–364.
Ross, J. The resources of binocular perception.Scientific American, 1976,234, 80–86.
Tyler, C. W. Stereopsis in dynamic visual noise.Nature, 1974,250, 781–782.
Tyler, C. W. Stereomovement from interocular delay in dynamic visual noise: A random spatial disparity hypothesis.American Journal of Optometry and Physiological Optics, 1977,54, 374–386.
Watanabe, A., Mori, T., Nagata, S., &Hiwatashi, K. Spatial sine-wave responses of the human visual system.Vision Research, 1968,8, 1245–1263.
Williams, R. Investigation of temporal integration by video sampling.Perception, 1973,2, 441–490.
Wist, E. R., Brandt, Th., Diener, H.-C., &Dichgans, J. Spatial frequency effect on the Pulfrich stereophenomenon.Vision Research, 1977,17, 391–397.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Robert Williams was supported by MRC Grant 969/684. David S. Falk acknowledges the kind hospitality of Professor R. L. Gregory at the Brain and Perception Laboratory, Bristol University, where most of this work was done.
An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF03198844.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Falk, D.S., Williams, R. Dynamic visual noise and the stereophenomenon: Interocular time delays, depth, and coherent velocities. Perception & Psychophysics 28, 19–27 (1980). https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03204311
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03204311