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Surface-modified gold nanorods for specific cell targeting

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Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have unique properties that make them highly attractive materials for developing functional reagents for various biomedical applications including photothermal therapy, targeted drug delivery, and molecular imaging. For in vivo applications, GNPs need to be prepared with very little or negligible cytotoxicitiy. Most GNPs are, however, prepared using growth-directing surfactants such as cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), which are known to have considerable cytotoxicity. In this paper, we describe an approach to remove CTAB to a non-toxic concentration. We optimized the conditions for surface modification with methoxypolyethylene glycol thiol (mPEG), which replaced CTAB and formed a protective layer on the surface of gold nanorods (GNRs). The cytotoxicities of pristine and surface-modified GNRs were measured in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human cell lines derived from hepatic carcinoma cells, embryonic kidney cells, and thyroid papillary carcinoma cells. Cytotoxicity assays revealed that treating cells with GNRs did not significantly affect cell viability except for thyroid papillary carcinoma cells. Thyroid cancer cells were more susceptible to residual CTAB, so CTAB had to be further removed by dialysis in order to use GNRs for thyroid cell targeting. PEGylated GNRs are further modified to present monoclonal antibodies that recognize a specific surface marker, Na-I symporter, for thyroid cells. Antibody-conjugated GNRs specifically targeted human thyroid cells in vitro.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 100-715, Korea

    Chan-Ung Wang, Yoshie Arai, Insun Kim & Wonhee Jang

  2. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA

    Seonghyun Lee & Jason H. Hafner

  3. Department of Chemistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 210-702, Korea

    Eunhee Jeoung

  4. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 100-715, Korea

    Deokho Jung & Youngeun Kwon

Authors
  1. Chan-Ung Wang
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  2. Yoshie Arai
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  3. Insun Kim
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  4. Wonhee Jang
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  5. Seonghyun Lee
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  6. Jason H. Hafner
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  7. Eunhee Jeoung
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  8. Deokho Jung
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  9. Youngeun Kwon
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Correspondence to Wonhee Jang or Youngeun Kwon.

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These authors contributed equally to this work

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Wang, CU., Arai, Y., Kim, I. et al. Surface-modified gold nanorods for specific cell targeting. Journal of the Korean Physical Society 60, 1700–1707 (2012). https://doi.org/10.3938/jkps.60.1700

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.3938/jkps.60.1700

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