Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Ecological Studies ((ECOLSTUD,volume 177))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adams, J.M., and H. Faure. 1998. A new estimate of changing carbon storage on land since the last glacial maximum, based on global land ecosystem reconstruction. Global and Planetary Change 17:3–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anklin, M., J.-M. Barnola, J. Schwander, B. Stauffer, and B. Raynaud. 1995. Processes affecting the CO2 concentrations measured in Greenland ice. Tellus 47B:461–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anklin, M., J. Schwander, B. Stauffer, J. Tschumi, A. Fuchs, J.M. Barnola, and D. Raynaud. 1997. CO2 record between 40 and 8 kyr B.P. from the Greenland ice core project ice core. Journal of Geophysical Research 102:26539–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arnaud, L., J.-M. Barnola, and P. Duval. 2000. Physical modeling of the densification of snow/firn and ice in the upper part of polar ice sheets. In Physics of ice core records, ed. T. Hondoh, 285–305. Sapporo: Hokkaido University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnola, J.-M. 1999. Status of the atmospheric CO2 reconstruction from ice cores analyses. Tellus 51B:151–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnola, J.-M., P. Pimienta, D. Raynaud, and Y.S. Korotkevich. 1991. CO2-climate relationship as deduced from the Vostok ice core: A re-examination based on new measurements and on a re-evaluation of the air dating. Tellus 43:83–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beerling, D.J., H.H. Birks, and F.I. Woodward. 1995. Rapid late-glacial atmospheric CO2 changes reconstructed from the stomatal density record of fossil leaves. Journal of Quaternary Science 10:379–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blunier, T., and E.J. Brook. 2001. Timing of millennial-scale climate change in Antarctica and Greenland during the last glacial period. Science 291:109–112.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blunier, T., J. Chappellaz, J. Schwander, A. Dällenbach, B. Stauffer, T.F Stocker, D. Raynaud, J. Jouzel, H.B. Clausen, C.U. Hammer, and S.J. Johnsen. 1998. Asynchrony of Antarctic and Greenland climate change during the last glacial period. Nature 394:739–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Broecker, W.S. 1994. Massive iceberg discharges as triggers for global climate change. Nature 372:421–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1998. Paleocean circulation during the last deglaciation: A bipolar seesaw? Paleoceanography 13:119–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Broecker, W.S., and G.M. Henderson. 1998. The sequence of events surrounding Termination II and their implications for the cause of glacial-interglacial CO2 changes. Paleoceanography 13:352–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caillon, N., J.P. Severinghaus, J. Jouzel, J.-M. Barnola, J. Kang, J., and V.Y. Lipenkov. 2003. Timing of atmospheric CO2 and Antarctic temperature changes across Termination III. Science 299:1728–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Craig, H., Y. Horibe, and T. Sowers. 1988. Gravitational separation of gases and isotopes in polar ice caps. Science 242:1675–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crowley, T.J. 1995. Ice age terrestrial carbon changes revisited. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 9:377–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cuffey, K.M., and F. Vimeux. 2001. Covariation of carbon dioxide and temperature from the Vostok ice core after deuterium-excess correction. Nature 412:523–27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dällenbach, A., T. Blunier, J. Flückiger, B. Stauffer, J. Chappellaz, and D. Raynaud. 2000. Changes in the atmospheric CH4 gradient between Greenland and Antarctica during the Last Glacial and the transition to the Holocene. Geophysical Research Letters 27:1005–1008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dansgaard, W., S.J. Johnsen, H.B. Clausen, D. Dahl-Jensen, N.S. Gundestrup, C.U. Hammer, Hvidberg, J.P. Steffensen, A.E. Sveinbjörnsdottir, J. Jouzel, and G. Bond. 1993. Evidence for general instability of past climate from a 250-kyr ice-core record. Nature 364:218–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Delmas, R.J. 1993. A natural artefact in Greenland ice-core CO2 measurements. Tellus 45B:391–396.

    Google Scholar 

  • Etheridge, D.M., L.P. Steele, R.L. Langenfields, R.J. Francey, J.-M. Barnola, and V, I. Morgan. 1996. Natural and anthropogenic changes in atmospheric CO2 over the last 1000 years from air in Antarctic ice and firn. Journal of Geophysical Research 101:4115–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Figge, R.A., and W.C. White. 1995. High-resolution Holocene and late glacial atmospheric CO2 record: Variability tied to changes in thermohaline circulation. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 9:391–403.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, H., M. Wahlen, J. Smith, D. Mastroianni, and B. Deck. 1999. Ice core records of atmospheric CO2 around the last three glacial terminations. Science 283:1712–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Flückiger, J., E. Monnin, B. Stauffer, J. Schwander, T.F. Stocker, J. Chappellaz, D. Raynaud, and J.M. Barnola. 2002. High resolution Holocene N2.O ice core record and its relationship with CH4 and CO2. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 16(1), 1010, doi: 10.1029/2001GB001417.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grootes, P.M., M. Stuiver, J.W.C. White, S.J. Johnsen, and J. Jouzel. 1993. Comparison of oxygen isotope records from the GISP2 and GRIP Greenland ice cores. Nature 366:552–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Güllük, T., F. Slemr, and B. Stauffer. 1998. Simultaneous measurements of CO2, CH4 and N2O in air extracted by sublimation from Antarctica ice cores: Confirmation of the data obtained using other extraction techniques. Journal of Geophysical Research 103:15971–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeda, T., H. Fukazawa, S. Mae, L. Pépin, P. Duval, B. Champagnon, V.Y. Lipenkov, and T. Hondoh. 1999. Extreme fractionation of gases caused by formation of clathrate hydrates in Vostok Antarctic ice. Geophysical Research Letters 26:91–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Indermühle, A., E. Monnin, B. Stauffer, T.F. Stocker, and M. Wahlen. 2000. Atmospheric CO2 concentration from 60 to 20 kyr BP from the Taylor Dome ice core, Antarctica. Geophysical Research Letters 27:735–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Indermühle, A., B. Stauffer, T.F. Stocker, D. Raynaud, J.-M. Barnola, H.H. Birks, W. Eide, H.J.B. Birks, F. Wagner, W.M. Kürschner, H. Visscher, S.J.P. Bohncke, D.L. Dilcher, and B. van Geel. 1999a. Early Holocene atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Science 286:1815a.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Indermühle, A., T.F. Stocker, H. Fischer, H.J. Smith, F. Joos, M. Wahlen, B. Deck, D. Mastroianni, J. Tschumi, T. Blunier, R. Meyer, and B. Stauffer. 1999b. Holocene carbon-cycle dynamics based on CO2 trapped in ice at Taylor Dome, Antarctica. Nature 398:121–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnsen, S.J., D. Dahl-Jensen, W. Dansgaard, and N. Gundestrup. 1995. Greenland palaeotemperatures derived from GRIP bore hole temperature and ice core isotope profiles. Tellus 47B:624–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnsen, S.J., W. Dansgaard, H.B. Clausen, and C.C. Langway, Jr. 1972. Oxygen isotope profiles through the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets. Nature 235:429–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Joos, F., M. Bruno, R. Fink, U. Siegenthaler, T.F. Stocker, C. Le Quéré, and J.L. Sarmiento. 1996. An efficient and accurate representation of complex oceanic and biospheric models of anthropogenic carbon uptake. Tellus 48B:397–417.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jouzel, J., R. Vaikmae, J.R. Petit, M. Martin, Y. Duclos, M. Stievenard, C. Lorius, M. Toots, M.A. Mélières, L.H. Burckle, N.I. Barkov, and V.M. Kotlyakov. 1995. The two-step shape and timing of the last deglaciation in Antarctica. Climate Dynamics 11:151–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keeling, C.D., and T.P. Whorf. 2000. Atmospheric CO2 records from sites in the SIO air sampling network. In Trends: A compendium of data on global change. Oak Ridge, Tenn.: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lang, C., M. Leuenberger, J. Schwander, and S. Johnsen. 1999. 16°C rapid temperature variation in Central Greenland 70,000 years ago. Science 286:934–37.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leuenberger, M., C. Lang, and J. Schwander. 1999. δ15 N measurements as a calibration tool for the paleothermometer and gas-ice age differences: A case study for the 8200 BP event on GRIP ice. Journal of Geophysical Research 104:22163–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leuenberger, M., U. Siegenthaler, and C.C. Langway. 1999. Carbon isotope composition of atmospheric CO2 during the last ice age from an Antarctic ice core. Nature 357:488–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marchal, O., T.F. Stocker, and F. Joos. 1998. Impact of oceanic reorganisations on the ocean carbon cycle and atmospheric carbon dioxide content. Paleoceanography 13:225–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marchal, O., T.F. Stocker, F. Joos, A. Indermühle, T. Blunier, and J. Tschumi. 1999. Modelling the concentration of atmospheric CO2 during the Younger Dryas climate event. Climate Dynamics 15:341–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, J.H. 1990. Glacial-interglacial CO2 change: The iron hypothesis. Paleoceanography 5:1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • McElwain, J.C., F.E. Mayle, and D.J. Beerling. 2002. Stomatal evidence for a decline in atmospheric CO2 concentration during the Younger Dryas stadial: A comparison with Antarctic ice core data. Journal of Quaternary Science 17:21–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McEvedy, C., and R. Jones. 1978. Atlas of world population history, 368 pp. New York: Penguin Miller, S.L. 1969. Clathrate hydrates of air in Antarctic ice. Science 165:489–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Monnin, E., A. Indermühle, A. Dällenbach, J. Flückiger, B. Stauffer, T.F. Stocker, D. Raynaud, and J.-M. Barnola. 2001. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations over the last glacial termination. Science 291:112–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Neftel, A., H. Oeschger, T. Staffelbach, and B. Stauffer. 1988. CO2 record in the Byrd ice core 50,000–5000 years BP. Nature 331:609–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oeschger, H., J. Beer, U. Siegenthaler, B. Stauffer, W. Dansgaard, and C.C. Langway. 1984. Late glacial climate history from ice cores. In Climate processes and climate sensitivity, Geophysical Monographs Series, ed. J.E. Hansen and T. Takahashi 29:299–306. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oeschger, H., A. Neftel, T. Staffelbach, and B. Stauffer. 1988. The dilemma of the rapid variations in CO2 in Greenland ice cores. Annals of Glaciology 10:215–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pépin, L., D. Raynaud, J.-M. Barnola, and M.F. Loutre. 2001. Hemispheric roles of climate forcings during glacial-interglacial transitions as deduced from the Vostok record and LLN-2D model experiments. Journal of Geophysical Research 106:31885–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petit, J.R., J. Jouzel, D. Raynaud, N.L. Barkov, J.M. Barnola, I. Basile, M. Bender, J. Chappellaz, M. Davis, G. Delaygue, M. Delmotte, V.M. Kotlyakov, M. Legrand, V.Y. Lipenkov, C. Lorius, L. Pepin, C. Ritz, E. Saltzman, and M. Stievenard. 1999. Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica. Nature 399:429–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raynaud, D., J. Jouzel, J.M. Barnola, J. Chappellaz, R.J. Delmas, and C. Lorius. 1993. The ice record of greenhouse gases. Science 259:926–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rommelaere, V., L. Arnaud, and J.M. Barnola. 1997. Reconstructing recent atmospheric trace gas concentrations from polar firn and bubbly ice data by inverse methods. Journal of Geophysical Research 102:30069–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwander, J. 1989. The transformation of snow to ice and the occlusion of gases. In The environmental record in glaciers and ice sheets, ed. H. Oeschger and C.C. Langway Jr., 53–67. New York: John Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1996. Gas diffusion in firn. In Chemical exchange between the atmosphere and polar snow, ed. E.W. Wolff and R.C. Bales, NATO ASI Series. I 43, pp. 527–540, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwander, J., J.-M. Barnola, C. Andrié, M. Leuenberger, A. Ludin, D. Raynaud, and B. Stauffer. 1993. The age of the air in the firn and the ice at Summit, Greenland. Journal of Geophysical Research 98:2831–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwander, J., J. Jouzel, C.U. Hammer, J.-R. Petit, R. Udisti, and E. Wolff. 2001. A tentative chronology for the EPICA Dome Concordia ice core. Geophysical Research Letters 28:4243–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwander, J., T. Sowers, J.-M. Barnola, T. Blunier, B. Malaizé, and A. Fuchs. 1997. Age scale of the air in the summit ice: Implication for glacial-interglacial temperature change. Journal of Geophysical Research 102:19483–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwander, J., and B. Stauffer. 1984. Age difference between polar ice and the air trapped in its bubbles. Nature 311:45–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Severinghaus, J.P., and E.J. Brook. 1999. Abrupt climate change at the end of the last glacial period inferred from trapped air in polar ice. Science 286:930–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Severinghaus, J.P., T. Sowers, E.J. Brook, R.B. Alley, and M.L. Bender. 1998. Timing of abrupt climate change at the end of the Younger Dryas interval from thermally fractionated gases in polar ice. Nature 391:141–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shoji, H., A. Miyamoto, J. Kipfstuhl, and C.C. Langway Jr. 2000. Microscopic observations of air hydrate inclusions in deep ice core samples. In Physics of ice core records, ed. T. Hondoh, 363–71. Sapporo: Hokkaido University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siegenthaler, U., and T. Wenk. 1984. Rapid atmospheric CO2 variations and ocean circulation. Nature 308:624–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, H.J., H. Fischer, M. Wahlen, D. Mastroianni, and B. Deck. 1999. Dual modes of the carbon cycle since the Last Glacial Maximum. Nature 400:248–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spahni, R., J. Schwander, J. Flückiger, B. Stauffer, J. Chappellaz, D. and Raynaud. 2003. The attenuation of fast atmospheric CH4 variations recorded in polar ice cores. Journal of Geophysical Research 30(11):1571, doi:10.1029/2003GLO17093.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Staffelbach, T., B. Stauffer, A. Sigg, and H. Oeschger. 1991. CO2 measurements from polar ice cores: More data from different sites. Tellus 43B:91–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stauffer, B., T. Blunier, A. Dällenbach, A. Indermühle, J. Schwander, T.F. Stocker, J. Tschumi, J. Chappellaz, D. Raynaud, C.U. Hammer, and H.B. Clausen. 1998. Atmospheric CO2 concentration and millennial-scale climate change during the last glacial period. Nature 392:59–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stauffer, B., J. Flückiger, E. Monnin, T. Nakazawa and S. Aoki,. 2003. Discussion of the reliability of CO2, CH4 and N2O records from polar ice cores, in: Global scale climate and environment study through polar deep ice cores: Proceeding of the international symposium on Dome Fuji ice core and related topics, 27–28 February 2001, Tokyo, H. Shoji and O. Watanabe, eds., Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research, Special Issue No. 57, pp. 139–152, National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stauffer, B., H. Hofer, H. Oeschger, J. Schwander, and U. Siegenthaler. 1984. Atmospheric CO2 concentration during the last glaciation. Annals of Glaciology 5:160–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stauffer, B., and J. Tschumi. 2000. Reconstruction of past atmospheric CO2 concentrations by ice core analyses. In Physics of ice-core records, ed. T. Hondoh, 217–41. Sapporo: Hokkaido University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephens, B.B., and R.F. Keeling. 2000. The influence of Antarctic sea ice on glacialinterglacial CO2 variations. Nature 404:171–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stocker, T.F. 1998. The seesaw effect. Science 282:61–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stocker, T.F., and O. Marchal. 2000. Abrupt climate change in the computer: Is it real?, Proceedings of the National Academy of Science U.S.A. 97:1362–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toggweiler, J.R. 1999. Variation of atmospheric CO2 by ventilation of the ocean’s deepest water. Paleoceanography 14:571–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tschumi, J., and B. Stauffer. 2000. Reconstructing the past atmospheric CO2 concentration based on ice core analyses: Open questions due to in situ production of CO2 in the ice. Journal of Glaciology 46:45–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uchida, T., T. Hondoh, S. Mae, H. Shoji, and N. Azuma. 1994. Optimized storage condition of deep ice core samples from the viewpoint of air-hydrate analysis. Memoirs. National Institute for Polar Research 49:306–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Voelker, A.H.L., and workshop participants. 2002. Global distribution of centennial-scale records for marine isotope stage (MIS) 3: A database. Quaternary Science Reviews 21:1185–1212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, F., S.J.P. Bohncke, D.L. Dilcher, W.M. Kurschner, B. van Geel, and H. Visscher. 1999. Century-scale shifts in early Holocene atmospheric CO2 concentration. Science 284:1971–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, A.J., M. Eby, A.F. Fanning, and E.C. Wiebe. 1998. Simulated influence of carbon dioxide, orbital forcing and ice sheets on the climate of the Last Glacial Maximum. Nature 394:847–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zumbrunn, R., A. Neftel, and H. Oeschger. 1982. CO2 measurements on 1-cm3 ice samples with an IR laserspectrometer (IRLS) combined with a new dry extraction device. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 60:318–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Blunier, T., Monnin, E., Barnola, JM. (2005). Atmospheric CO2 Data from Ice Cores: Four Climatic Cycles. In: Baldwin, I., et al. A History of Atmospheric CO2 and Its Effects on Plants, Animals, and Ecosystems. Ecological Studies, vol 177. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-27048-5_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics