Skip to main content

Behavioral Effects of Genetic Mental Retardation Disorders

  • Chapter
Handbook of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Part of the book series: Issues on Clinical Child Psychology ((ICCP))

Abstract

In the humanities and in the social sciences, it is almost a truism to say that one cannot escape the influence of one’s own historical time. Certain novelists of the past, for example, are highly valued during one historical period, “lost” to another, only to be reembraced at a later time. Similarly in a field like history, we see changes over the decades in how society views the accomplishments of certain individuals. Are Jefferson, Adams, Franklin, and other of America’s “Founding Fathers” omniscient visionaries, as portrayed in many recent books, or instead should they be criticized for leaving unresolved such basic national issues as slavery (Brands, 2003)? Fields, like people, reflect the times in which they exist.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

REFERENCES

  • Abbeduto, L., & Keller-Bell, Y. (2002). Review of genetics and mental retardation syndromes: A new look at behavior and interventions. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 107, 412–414.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aman, M. G., & Singh, N. N. (1994). Aberrant Behavior Checklist—community supplementary manual. East Aurora, NY: Slosson Educational.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, L., & Ernst, M. (1994). Self-injury in Lesch–Nyhan disease. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24, 67–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barnard, L., Pearson, J., Rippon, L., & O’Brien, G. (2002). Behavioural phenotypes of genetic syndromes: Summaries, including notes on management and therapy. In G. O’Brien (Ed.), Behavioural phenotypes in clinical practice (pp. 169–227). London, England: Mac Keith.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baumgardner, T. L., Reiss, A. L., Freund, L. S., & Abrams, M. T. (1995). Specification of the neurobehavioral phenotype in males with fragile X syndrome. Pediatrics, 95, 744–752.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bell, R. Q. (1968). A reinterpretation of direction of effects in studies of socialization. Psychological Review, 75, 81–95.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brands, H. W. (2003). Founders chic. The Atlantic, 292(2), 101–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bregman, J. D., Leckman, J. F., & Ort, S. I. (1988). Fragile X syndrome: Genetic predisposition onto psychopathology. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 18, 343–354.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Butler, M. G., Bittel, D. C., Kibiryeva, N., Talebizadeh, Z., & Thompson, T. (2004). Behavioral differences among subjects with Prader–Willi syndrome and type I or type II deletion and maternal disomy. Pediatrics, 113, 565–573.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cahill, B. M., & Glidden, L. M. (1996). Influence of child diagnosis on family and parent functioning: Down syndrome versus other disabilities. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 101, 149–160.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carlin, M. E. (1990). The improved prognosis in cri du chat (5p-) syndrome. In W. I. Fraser (Ed.), Proceedings of the 8th Congress of the International Association of the Scientific Study of Mental Deficiency (pp. 64–73). Edinburgh, UK: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carr, J. (1995). Down’s syndrome: Children growing up. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, R. S., & Hesketh, L. J. (2000). Behavioral phenotype of individuals with Down syndrome. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 6, 84–95.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Collacott, R. A. (1992). The effect of age and residential placement on adaptive behavior of adults with Down’s syndrome. British Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 675–679.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Conners, F. A., Rosenquist, C. J., Atwell, J. A., & Klinger, L. G. (2000). Cognitive strengths and weaknesses associated with Prader–Willi syndrome. Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, 35, 441–448.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cornish, K. M., & Pigram, J. (1996). Developmental and behavioural characteristics of cri du chat syndrome. Archives of Diseases in Childhood, 75, 448–450.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crowe, S., & Hay, D. (1990). Neuropsychological dimensions of the fragile X syndrome: Support for a non-dominant hemisphere dysfunction hypothesis. Neuropsychologia, 28, 9–16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dimitropoulos, A., Feurer, I. D., Butler, M. G., & Thompson, T. (2001). Emergence of compulsive behavior and tantrums in children with Prader–Willi syndrome. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 106, 39–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dimitropoulos, A., Feurer, I. D., Roof, E., Stone, W., Butler, M. G., Sutcliffer, J., et al. (2000). Appetitive behavior, compulsivity, and neurochemistry in Prader–Willi syndrome. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 6, 125–130.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Don, A. J., Schellenberg, E. G., & Rourke, B. P. (1999). Music and language skills of children with Williams syndrome. Child Neuropsychology, 5, 154–170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dorn, B., & Goff, B. J. (2003). The student with Prader–Willi syndrome: Information for educators. Sarasota, FL: Prader–Willi Syndrome Association (USA); Retrieved July 17, 2006 from www.pwsausa.org

    Google Scholar 

  • Dykens, E. M. (1995). Measuring behavioral phenotypes: Provocations from the “new genetics.” American Journal on Mental Retardation, 99, 522–532.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dykens, E. M. (1999). Prader–Willi syndrome. In H. Tager-Flusberg (Ed.), Neurodevelopmental disorders (pp. 137–154). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dykens, E. M. (2000). Psychopathology in children with intellectual disability. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41, 407–417.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dykens, E. M. (2002). Are jigsaw puzzle skills “spared” in persons with Prader–Willi syndrome? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43, 343–352.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dykens, E. M. (2003). Anxiety, fears, and phobias in persons with Williams syndrome. Developmental Neuropsychology, 23, 291–316.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dykens, E. M. (2004). Maladaptive behaviors and compulsions in Prader–Willi syndrome: New insights from older adults. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 109, 142–153.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dykens, E. M., Cassidy, S. B., & King, B. H. (1999). Maladaptive behavior differences in Prader–Willi syndrome due to paternal deletion versus maternal uniparental disomy. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 104, 67–77.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dykens, E. M., & Clarke, D. J. (1997). Correlates of maladaptive behavior in individuals with 5p- (cri du chat) syndrome. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 39, 752–756.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dykens, E. M., Finucane, B. M., & Gayley, C. (1997). Brief report: Cognitive and behavioral profiles in persons with Smith–Magenis syndrome. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 27, 203–211.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dykens, E. M., & Hodapp, R. M. (1997). Treatment issues in genetic mental retardation syndromes. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 28, 263–270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dykens, E. M., & Hodapp, R. M. (2001). Research in mental retardation: Toward an etiologic approach. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42, 49–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dykens, E. M., Hodapp, R. M., & Leckman, J. F. (1987). Strengths and weaknesses in intellectual functioning of males with fragile X syndrome. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 92, 234–236.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dykens, E. M., Hodapp, R. M., Walsh, K. K., & Nash, L. (1992). Profiles, correlates, and trajectories of intelligence in Prader–Willi syndrome. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, 1125–1130.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dykens, E. M., & Kasari, C. (1997). Maladaptive behavior in children with Prader–Willi syndrome, Down syndrome, and non-specific mental retardation. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 102, 228–237.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dykens, E. M., Leckman, J. F., & Cassidy, S. B. (1996). Obsessions and compulsions in Prader–Willi syndrome. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37, 995–1002.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dykens, E. M., & Rosner, B. A. (1999). Refining behavioral phenotypes: Personality-motivation in Williams and Prader–Willi syndromes. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 104, 158–169.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dykens, E. M., Hodapp, R. M., & Finucane, B. M. (2000). Genetics and mental retardation syndromes: A new look at behavior and genetics. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dykens, E. M., & Shah, B. (2003). Psychiatric disorders in Prader–Willi syndrome: Epidemiology and treatment. CNS Drugs, 17, 167–178.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dykens, E. M., Shah, B., Sagun, J., Beck, T., & King, B. Y. (2002). Maladaptive behaviour in children and adolescents with Down’s syndrome. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 46, 484–492.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dykens, E. M., & Smith, A. C. M. (1998). Distinctiveness and correlates of maladaptive behaviour in children and adolescents with Smith–Magenis syndrome. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 42, 481–489.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Einfeld, S. L. (2004). Behaviour phenotypes of genetic disorders. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 17, 343–349.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Einfeld, S. L., & Tonge, B. J. (1992). Manual for the Developmental Behaviour Checklist: Primary carer version. Australia: School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, N. R. (1969). A behavioral research strategy in mental retardation: Defense and critique. American Journal on Mental Deficiency, 73, 557–566.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fidler, D. J., Hodapp, R. M., & Dykens, E. M. (2000). Stress in families of young children with Down syndrome,Williams syndrome, and Smith–Magenis syndrome. Early Education and Development, 11, 395–406.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Finucane, B., Dirrigl, K. H., & Simon, E. W. (2001). Characterization of self-injurious behaviors in children and adults with Smith–Magenis syndrome. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 106, 52–58.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Finucane, B. M. (1996). What’s so special about genetics? A guide for special educators. Elwyn, PA: Elwyn.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finucane, B. M., Konar, D., Haas-Givler, B., Kurtz, M. D., & Scott, L. I. (1994). The spasmodic upper-body squeeze: A characteristic behavior in Smith–Magenis syndrome. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 36, 78–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Flint, J., & Yule, W. (1994). Behavioural phenotypes. In M. Rutter, E. Taylor, & L. Hersov (Eds.), Child and adolescent psychiatry: Modern approaches (3rd ed., pp. 666–687). London: Blackwell Scientific.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fowler, A. E. (1990). Language abilities in children with Down Syndrome: Evidence for a specific syntactic delay. In D. Cicchetti & M. Beeghly (Eds.), Children with Down syndrome: A developmental approach (pp. 302–328). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gersh, M., Goodart, S. A., Pasztor, L. M., Harris, D. J., Weiss, L., & Overhauser, J. (1995). Evidence for a distinct region causing a cat-like cry in patients with 5p- deletions. American Journal of Human Genetics, 56, 1404–1410.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gosch, A., & Pankau, R. (1994). Social–emotional and behavioral adjustment in children with Williams syndrome. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 53, 335–339.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg, F., Lewis, R. A., Potocki, L., Glaze, D., Parke, J., Killian, J. (1996). Multidisciplinary clinical study of Smith–Magenis syndrome: Deletion 17p11.2. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 62, 247–254.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hagerman, R. J. (1996). Fragile X syndrome. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 5, 895–911.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagerman, R. J. (1999). Psychopharmacological interventions in fragile X syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome, Prader–Willi syndrome, Angelman syndrome, Smith–Magenis syndrome, and velocardiofacial syndrome. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 5, 305–313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hodapp, R. M. (1997). Direct and indirect behavioral effects of different genetic disorders of mental retardation. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 102, 67–79.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hodapp, R. M. (1999). Indirect effects of genetic mental retardation disorders: Theoretical and methodological issues. International Review of Research in Mental Retardation, 22, 27–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hodapp, R. M., & Dykens, E. M. (1994). Mental retardation’s two cultures of behavioral research. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 98, 675–687.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hodapp, R. M., & Dykens, E. M. (2001). Strengthening behavioral research on genetic mental retardation disorders. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 106, 4–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hodapp, R. M., & Dykens, E. M. (2004). Studying behavioral phenotypes: Issues, benefits, challenges. In E. Emerson, C. Hatton, T. Parmenter, & T. Thompson (Eds.), International handbook of applied research in intellectual disabilities (pp. 203–220). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodapp, R. M., Dykens, E. M., Ort, S. I., Zelinsky, D. G., & Leckman, J. F. (1991). Changing patterns of intellectual strengths and weaknesses in males with fragile X syndrome. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 21, 503–516.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hodapp, R. M., Evans, D. W., & Gray, F. L. (1999). Intellectual development in children with Down syndrome. In J. Rondal, J. Perera, & L. Nadel (Eds.), Down syndrome: A review of current knowledge (pp. 124–132). London: Whurr.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodapp, R. M., & Fidler, D. J. (1999). Special education and genetics: Connections for the 21st century. The Journal of Special Education, 33, 130–137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hodapp, R. M., Ly, T. M., Fidler, D. J., & Ricci, L. A. (2001). Less stress, more rewarding: Parenting children with Down syndrome. Parenting: Science and Practice, 1, 317–337.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodapp, R. M., Ricci, L. A., Ly, T. M., & Fidler, D. J. (2003). The effects of the child with Down syndrome on maternal stress. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 22, 137–151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hornby, G. (1995). Fathers’ views of the effects on their families of children with Down syndrome. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 4, 103–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jarrold, C., Baddeley, A. D., & Hewes, A. K. (2000). Verbal short-term memory deficits in Down syndrome: A consequence of problems in rehearsal? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 41, 223–244.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jarrold, C., Baddeley, A. D., Hewes, A. K., & Phillips, C. (2001). A longitudinal assessment of diverging verbal and non-verbal abilities in the Williams syndrome phenotype. Cortex, 37, 423–431.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jarrold, C., Baddeley, A. D., & Phillips, C. E. (2002). Verbal short-term memory in Down syndrome: A problem of memory, audition, or speech? Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 45, 531–544.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jarrold, C., Hartley, S. J., Phillips, C., & Baddeley, A. D. (2000). Word fluency in Williams syndrome: Evidence for unusual semantic organization? Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 5, 292–319.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kasari, C., & Sigman, M. (1997). Linking parental perceptions to interactions in young children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 27, 39–57.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman, A. S., & Kaufman, N. L. (1983). Kaufman Assessment Battery for children. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kemper, M. B., Hagerman, R. J., & Altshul-Stark, D. (1988). Cognitive profiles of boys with fragile X syndrome. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 30, 191–200.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klein, B. P., & Mervis, C. B. (1999). Contrasting patterns of cognitive abilities of 9- and 10- year-olds with Williams syndrome or Down syndrome. Developmental Neuropsychology, 16, 177–196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumin, L. (1994). Intelligibility of speech in children with Down syndrome in natural settings: Parents’ perspective. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 78, 307–313.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Levine, K. (1994). Williams syndrome: Information for teachers. Clawson, MI: The Williams Syndrome Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levine, K., & Wharton, R. H. (1993). Children with Prader–Willi syndrome: Information for school staff. Roslyn Heights, NY: Visible Ink (available through the Prader–Willi Syndrome Association, US; Retrieved July 17, 2006 from www.pwsausa.org).

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyers, B. A., & Pueschel, S. M. (1991). Psychiatric disorders in persons with Down syndrome. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 179, 609–613.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, J. F. (1999). Profiles of language development in children with Down syndrome. In J. F. Miller, M. Leddy, & L. A. Leavitt (Eds.), Improving the communication of people with Down syndrome (pp. 11–39). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mount, R. H., Charman, T., Hastings, R. P., Reilly, S., & Cass, H. (2002). The Rett Syndrome Behavior Questionnaire (RSBQ): Refining the behavioral phenotype of Rett syndrome. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43, 1099–1110.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mount, R. H., Charman, T., Hastings, R. P., Reilly, S., & Cass, H. (2003). Features of autism in Rett syndrome and severe mental retardation. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33, 435–442.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Naglieri, J. A. (1985). Assessment of mentally retarded children with the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 89, 367–371.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Brien, G. (2002a). The clinical practice of behavioural phenotypes. In G. O’Brien (Ed.), Behavioural phenotypes in clinical practice (pp. 1–12). London, England: Mac Keith.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Brien, G. (Ed.). (2002b). Behavioural phenotypes in clinical practice. London, England: Mac Keith.

    Google Scholar 

  • Obrzut, A., Nelson, R. B., & Obrzut, J. E. (1987). Construct validity of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children with mildly mentally retarded students. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 92, 74–77.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Opitz, J. M. (1985). Editorial comment: The developmental field concept. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 21, 1–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Papolos, D. F., Faedda, G. L., Veit, S., Goldberg, R., Morrow, B., et al. (1996). Bipolar spectrum disorders in patients diagnosed with velo-cardio-facial syndrome: Does a hemizygous deletion on chromosome 22q11 result in bipolar affective disorder? American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 1541–1547.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pennington, B. F., Moon, J., Edgin, J., Stedron, J., & Nadel, L. (2003). The neuropsychology of DS: Evidence for hippocampal dysfunction. Child Development, 74, 75–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pennington, B. F., O’Connor, B., & Sudhalter, V. (1991). Toward a neuropsychology of fragile X syndrome. In R. J. Hagerman & A. C. Silverman (Eds.), Fragile X syndrome: Diagnosis, treatment, and research (pp. 173–201). Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pezzini, G., Vicari, S., Volterra, V., Milani, L., & Osella, M. T (1999). Children with Williams syndrome: Is there a single neuropsychological profile? Developmental Neuropsychology, 15, 141–155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pulver, A. E., Nestadt, G., Shpritzen, R. J., Lamacz, M., Wolyniec, P. S., Morrow, B., et al. (1994). Psychotic illness in patients diagnosed with velo-cardio-facial syndrome and their relatives. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 182, 476–478.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reiss, S. (1988). The Reiss screen for maladaptive behavior. Worthington, OH: IDS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, S. J., Wehner, E. A., & Hagerman, R. (2001). The behavioral phenotype of fragile X: Symptoms of autism in very young children with fragile X syndrome, idiopathic autism, and other developmental disorders. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 22, 409–417.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rondal, J. (1995). Exceptional language development in Down syndrome. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roof, E., Stone,W., MacLean,W., Feurer, I. D., Thompson, T., et al. (2000). Intellectual characteristics of Prader–Willi syndrome: Comparison of genetic subtypes. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 44, 25–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosner, B. A., Hodapp, R. M., Fidler, D. J., Sagun, J. N., & Dykens, E. M. (2004). Social competence in persons with Prader–Willi, Williams, and Down syndromes. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 17, 209–217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, V., & Olsen, D. H. (1993). Problem families and the circumplex model: Observational assessment using the clinical rating scale (CRS). Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 19, 159–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tonge, B. J., & Einfeld, S. L. (2003). Psychopathology and intellectual disability: The Australian child to adult longitudinal study. International Review of Research in Mental Retardation, 26, 61–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Udwin, O. (1990). A survey of adults with Williams syndrome and idiopathic infantile hypercalcaemia. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 32, 129–141.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Udwin, O., & Yule, W. (2001). Guidelines for teachers. [On-line]. Retrieved July 17, 2006 from: www.wsf.org

    Google Scholar 

  • Udwin, O., Yule, W., & Martin, N. (1987). Cognitive abilities and behavioural characteristics of children with idiopathic infantile hypercalcaemia. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 28, 297–309.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Acker, R. (1991). Rett syndrome: A review of current knowledge. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 21, 381–406.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vogels, A., De Hert, M., Descheemaeker, M. J., Govers, V., Devriendt, K., Legius, E., et al. (2004). Psychotic disorders in Prader–Willi syndrome. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 127A(Pt. A), 238–243.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wigren, M., & Heimann, M. (2001). Excessive picking in Prader–Willi syndrome: A pilot study of phenomenological aspects and comorbid symptoms. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 48, 129–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2007 Springer

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hodapp, R.M., Dykens, E.M. (2007). Behavioral Effects of Genetic Mental Retardation Disorders. In: Jacobson, J.W., Mulick, J.A., Rojahn, J. (eds) Handbook of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. Issues on Clinical Child Psychology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-32931-5_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics