Abstract
Since 1954, the extraordinary growth in the use and application of cryogenic liquids has followed very significant improvements in cryogenic insulation. Today, for example, hold-times of 1000 days for liquid helium and liquid hydrogen systems can easily be achieved, in comparison with hold-times measured in hours some 50 years ago. These improvements have also been applicable to the low-loss transport and handling of liquid air gases for an ever-widening range of industrial uses.
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References
Haynes, W.M., Kidnay, A.J., Olien, N.A., and Hiza, M.J., “States of Thermophysical Data for Pure Liquids and Mixtures of Cryogenic Interest, ” Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, Vol. 29, Plenum Press, New York, 1983, pp. 919–942.
Scurlock, R.G., Low Loss Storage and Handling of Cryogenic Liquids: The Application of Cryogenic Fluid Dynamics, British Cryogenics Council, 2005.
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Scurlock, R.G., “Low Loss Dewars and Tanks”, Cold Facts, Cryogenic Society of America, 2004.
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Scurlock, R. (2007). Development of Low-Loss Storage of Cryogenic Liquids over the Past 50 Years. In: Timmerhaus, K.D., Reed, R.P. (eds) Cryogenic Engineering. International Cryogenics Monograph Series. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-46896-X_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-46896-X_7
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
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