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Internet references for Chapter 2
Authors: Robert U. Ayres and Udo E. Simonis (1994) Title: Industrial Metabolism. Restructuring for sustainable developmentComment: A complete description of the notion of ‘industrial metabolism', with cases studies and methodologies from Sweden, Germany, and the US. Address: http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/80841e/80841E00.htm
Cleaning flue gas
Source: Japanese Advanced Environment Equipment (2001) Title: Dry type desulphurization equipmentComment: Supplies technical information about a method to remove all kind of toxic substances. Address: http://nett21.gec.jp/JSIM_DATA/AIR/AIR_2/html/Doc_075.html
Authors: Ron Zevenhoven and Loay Saeed (2000) Title: Two-stage combustion of high-PVC solid waste with HCL recoveryComment: Discusses a waste-to-energy process. Address: http://eny.hut.fi/research/combustion_waste/publications/nonreferee/torontoE.pdf
Title: Incinerators make waste more toxic and… (2002). Comment: Useful information about operation of incinerators, with comments from different experts about emissions. Address: http://www.zerowasteamerica.org/Incinerators.htm
New York incinerators
Source: New York department of Environmental Conservation (2000) Title: Solid waste incinerators, refuse-derived fuel processing facilities, and solid waste pyrolisis unitsComment: They state that ‘Waste-to-Energy (WTE) is defined as a solid waste management strategy that combusts wastes to generate steam or electricity and reduces by approximately 90 percent the volume (not weight) of waste that would otherwise need to be disposed'. No mention is made about danger of emissions. Details given on facilities during 2002. Address: http://www.dec.state.ny.us/website/dshm/sldwaste/facilities/wte.htm
Source: Göteborg Stad (2003) Title: The largest waste incineration plant in Northern EuropeComment: Interesting short paper entitled: 'sewage heats the city'. Address: http://www.goteborg.se/prod/sk/goteborg.nsf/1/press,mediaservice_(english),the_book_of_records,the_largest_waste_incineration_plant_in_northern_europe?OpenDocument
Authors: Rabl et al. (1999) Title: Impact assessment and authorization procedure for installations with mayor environmental risksComment: Very well-documented report about the installation of waste incinerators in six European countries, with case studies in France, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Spain, Switzerland and U.K. Address: http://www-cenerg.ensmp.fr/rabl/pdf/FullReport.pdf
Title: Guidelines for a special waste incinerator (2000) Comment: Appendix 1 of this publication provides a very useful list of emission limits for contaminants in the flue gas expressed in mg/Nm3, in accordance with current practices in the U.K., The Netherlands, Sweden, and Germany. Appendix 2 provides information about special emission standards for waste incinerators, and in Appendix 3 there is a recommended accepted criterion for suitability of industrial wastes for landfill disposal. Address: http://www.nea.gov.sg/cms/pcd/guideline_waste_incinerator_2001.pdf
Authors: Dunkan Kimbro et al. and Phil Knisley et al. (2000) Title: Emissions performance results for a liquid waste incinerator upgraded to meet the HWC MACT standardsComment: Technical discussion on the operation of three hazardous waste incinerators in the US. Address: http://www.croll.com/croll/ca/pdf/test_results.pdf
Source: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Title: Definition of hazardous wasteComment: Technical discussion on hazardous waste. Address: http://www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/docs/envaff/cmguide/chapter3.pdf
Source: Sustainable Cleveland Partnership (1998) Title: Medical waste incinerationComment: Due to its special characteristics, hospital wastes are burned rather that buried in landfills. However, incinerators also have risks, as mentioned in this report, not only for the potential production of dioxins and furans but also for the high content of mercury in the garbage. According to this publication, medical waste incinerators are considered the second most important source of mercury released into the atmosphere. It also offers some alternatives for reducing material to be burnt. Address: http://www.nhlink.net/enviro/scp/medical.html
Authors: Michelle Allsopp, Pat Costner and Paul Johnston — Greenpeace Research Laboratories — University of Exeter, UK (2001) Title: Incineration and human healthComment: In this large report (84 pages), the authors make a deep study of the environmental and especially the health impact of populations living near incinerators. A visit to this site is recommended. Address: http://archive.greenpeace.org/toxics/reports/euincin.pdf
Source: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (1995) Title: Waste vitrification through electric melting, 1995 — EPA — Emerging Technology Bulletin EPA/540/F-95/503Comment: Bulletin of this prestigious US agency. Technology description, including diagrams, waste applicability, and test results. Address: http://www.epa.gov/ORD/SITE/reports/540_F-95_503.pdf
Author: Daniel Lemarchand (2000) Title: Burning issues, International Cement Review, February 2000Comment: Treats incineration in a cement kiln. Address: http://www.lenoco.com/burningssues.pdf
Author: Kurt Reschner (2003) Title: Scrap tire recycling — A summary of prevalent scrap tire recycling methodsComment: Methods associated with means of tire disposal and related statistics. Also details potential applications. See, in Figure 1, the dramatic picture of a tire fire in Stanislaus Co., California. Address: http://home.snafu.de/kurtr/str/en.html
Author: Forbes R. McDougall and Peter R. White (1998) Title: The use of lifecycle inventory to optimize integrated solid waste management systems: a review of case studiesComment: Life Cycle Inventory in five cities in France, Spain, UK, and Canada. Address: http://www.entek.chalmers.se/~josu/art-fmc.htm
Source: Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities (2003) Title: Waste generated and treated in Europe Address: http://www.eu-datashop.de/download/EN/inhaltsv/thema8/waste.pdf
Authors: Richard L. Ottinger & Mindy Jayne (2000) Title: Global climate change — Kyoto Protocol implementation: legal frameworks for implementing clean energy solutions-Energy efficiency alternatives Address: http://www.solutionssite.org/special_reports/sr_global_climate_change_1.htm
Author: Paul Hawken (1997) Title: Natural capitalismComment: This paper starts with the sentence “Industry has always sought to increase the productivity of workers, not resources”, and finishes with “The future belongs to those who understand that doing more with less is compassionate, prosperous, and enduring, and thus more intelligent, even competitive”. Between them are medullar thoughts on economic concepts. Address: http://csf.colorado.edu/authors/Agerley.Harald/hawken.html
Author: Mark Dellinger-Lake County California Sanitation District (2004) Title: The geysers pipeline projectComment: This paper details the partnership that facilitated building the first wastewater-to-electricity system. Address: http://geoheat.oit.edu/bulletin/bull18-1/art37.htm
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2004) Title: Landfill methane outreach program — Fuel cells — Demonstrating the power of landfill gasComment: Example of utilization of landfill gas to power 100 houses using fuel cells. Address: http://www.epa.gov/lmop/products/fuelcell.htm
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2004) Title: Batteries Address: http://www.epa.gov/epr/products/batteries.html
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2004) Title: Vehicles-Industry initiativesComment: This paper features recycling efforts by Bridgestone/Firestone, Daimler Chrysler, Ford, and General Motors. Address: http://www.epa.gov/epr/products/vindust.html#chry
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2004) Title: Emerging products-Paints Address: http://www.epa.gov/epr/products/emerging.html#paint
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2004) Title: Miscellaneous products — ‘Nike's reuse-a-shoe’ program Address: http://www.epa.gov/epr/products/emerging.html#paint
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2004) Title: Electronics-Multi-stakeholder initiatives Address: http://www.epa.gov/epr/products/emulti.html
Author: Jean A. Bowman-Texas Water Resource Institute (1994) Title: Saving water in Texas industriesComment: Excellent information about water saving measures in the hightech industry. Address: http://twri.tamu.edu/newsletters/TexasWaterResources/twr-v20n1.pdf
Authors: Don Hinrichsen et al. (1998) Title: Water conservation and management Address: http://www.infoforhealth.org/pr/m14/m14chap6.shtml#top
Source: IEA Annex 33 — ALEP Guidebook — Internal Website for the working group Title: 1. Description of the present situation, energy balance and emissionsComment: Valuable information, with charts and diagrams, about energy usage of different cities in Europe. Also a very interesting application of GIS (see Glossary) to develop heat maps. Address: http://www.profu.se/guidb1.htm
Source: US Environmental Protection Agency (2004) Title: Water reuseComment: Water reuse at an IBM facility in California Address: http://www.epa.gov/watrhome/you/reuse1.html
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Source: Devon Authorities Recycling Partnership (2003) Title: It's time to sort it out Address: http://www.recycledevon.org/pages/index02.asp
Source: U.S. Environmental Impact Agency (2004) Title: Region 9: Water programs-Water recycling and reuse: The environmental benefits Comment: Visiting this Website is highly recommended for an idea of actual large-scale uses of recycled wastewater. Address: http://www.epa.gov/region9/water/recycling/
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(2005). The Culture of Waste. In: Introduction to Sustainability. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3558-6_2
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