Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adachi M, Fischer EH, Ihle J, Imai K, Jirik F, Neel B, et al. (1996) Mammalian SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatases. Cell. 85:15.
Andersen JN, Elson A, Lammers R, Romer J, Clausen JT, Moller KB, et al. (2001) Comparative study of protein tyrosine phosphatase-ɛ isoforms: membrane localization confers specificity in cellular signalling. Biochem J 354:581–90.
Andersen JN, Mortensen OH, Peters GH, Drake PG, Iversen LF, Olsen OH, et al. (2001) Structural and evolutionary relationships among protein tyrosine phosphatase domains. Mol Cell Biol 21:7117–36.
Aoki K, DiDomenico E, Sims NA, Mukhopadhyay K, Neff L, Houghton A, et al. (1999) The tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 is a negative regulator of osteoclastogeneisis and osteoclast resorbing activity: increased resorption and osteopenia in mev/mev mutant mice. Bone 25:261–7.
Arai F, Miyamoto T, Ohneda O, Inada T, Sudo T, Brasel K, et al. (1999) Commitment and differentiation of osteoclast precursor cells by the sequential expression of c-Fms and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK) receptors. J Exp Med 190:1741–54.
Armstrong AP, Tometsko ME, Glaccum M, Sutherlan CL, Cosman D, Dougall WC (2002) A RANK/TRAF6-dependent signal transduction pathway is essential for osteoclast cytoskeletal organization and resorptive function. J Biol Chem 277:44347–56.
Arron JR, Vologodskaia M, Wong BR, Naramura M, Kim N, Gu H, et al. (2001) A positive regulatory role for Cbl family proteins in tumor necrosis factor-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE) and CD40Lmediated akt activation. J Biol Chem 276:30011–17.
Baron R, Neff L, Brown W, Courtoy PJ, Louvard D, Farquhar MG (1988) Polarized secretion of lysosomal enzymes: co-distribution of cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptors and lysosomal enzymes along the osteoclast exocytic pathway. J Cell Biol 106:1863–72.
Baron R, Neff L, Louvard D, Courtoy PJ (1985) Cell-mediated extracellular acidification and bone resorption: evidence for a low pH in resorbing lacunae and localization of a 100-kD lysosomal membrane protein at the osteoclast ruffled border. J Cell Biol 101: 2210–22.
Baron R, Neff L, Roy C, Boisvert A, Caplan M (1986) Evidence for a high and specific concentration of (Na+,K+)ATPase in the plasma membrane of the osteoclast. Cell 46:311–20.
Berry V, Rathod H, Pulman LB, Datta HK (1994) Immunofluorescent evidence for the abundance of focal adhesion kinase in the human and avian osteoclasts and its down regulation by calcitonin. J Endocrinol 141:R11–15.
Blair HC, Teitelbaum SL, Ghiselli R, Gluck S (1989) Osteoclastic bone resorption by a polarized vacuolar proton pump. Science 245:855–7.
Bossard MJ, Tomaszek TA, Thompson SK, Amegadzie BY, Hanning CR, Jones C, et al. (1996) Proteolytic activity of human osteoclast cathepsin K. Expression, purification, activation, and substrate identification. J Biol Chem 271:12517–24.
Bouchon A, Hernandez-Munain C, Cella M, Colonna M (2001) A DAP12-mediated pathway regulates expression of CC chemokine receptor 7 and maturation of human dendritic cells. J Exp Med 194:1111–22.
Boyce BF, Yoneda T, Lowe C, Soriano P, Mundy GR (1992) Requirement of pp60c-src expression for osteoclasts to form ruffled borders and resorb bone in mice. J Clin Invest 90:1622–7.
Boyle WJ, Simonet WS, Lacey DL (2003) Osteoclast differentiation and activation. Nature 423:337–42.
Cary LA, Han DC, Polte TR, Hanks SK, Guan JL (1998) Identification of p130Cas as a mediator of focal adhesion kinase-promoted cell migration. J Cell Biol 140:211–21.
Cella M, Buonsanti C, Strader C, Kondo T, Salmaggi A, Colonna M (2003) Impaired differentiation of osteoclasts in TREM-2-deficient individuals. J Exp Med 198:645–51.
Chabre O, Conklin BR, Lin HY, Lodish HF, Wilson E, Ives HE, et al. (1992) A recombinant calcitonin receptor independently stimulates 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate and Ca2+/inositol phosphate signaling pathways. Mol Endocrinol 6:551–6.
Chalhoub N, Benachenhou N, Rajapurohitam V, Pata M, Ferron M, Frattini A, et al. (2003) Grey-lethal mutation induces severe malignant autosomal recessive osteopetrosis in mouse and human. Nat Med 9:399–406.
Chambers TJ, Fuller K, Darby JA, Pringle JA, Horton MA (1986) Monoclonal antibodies against osteoclasts inhibit bone resorption in vitro. Bone Miner 1:127–35.
Chambers TJ, Magnus CJ (1982) Calcitonin alters behaviour of isolated osteoclasts. J Pathol 136:27–39.
Chambers TJ, Revell PA, Fuller K, Athanasou NA (1984) Resorption of bone by isolated rabbit osteoclasts. J Cell Sci 66:383–99.
Chellaiah M, Fitzgerald C, Alvarez U, Hruska K (1998) c-Src is required for stimulation of gelsolin-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. J Biol Chem 273:11908–16.
Chellaiah M, Kizer N, Silva M, Alvarez U, Kwiatkowski D, Hruska KA (2000) Gelsolin deficiency blocks podosome assembly and produces increased bone mass and strength. J Cell Biol 148:665–78.
Chen HE, Chang S, Trub T, Neel BG (1996) Regulation of colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor signaling by the SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase SHPTP1. Mol Cell Biol 16:3685–97.
Chen Y, Shyu J-F, Santhanagopal A, Inoue D, David J-P, Dixon SJ, et al. (1998) The calcitonin receptor stimulates Shc tyrosine phosphorylation and Erk1/2 activation. Involvement of Gi, protein kinase C, and calcium. J Biol Chem 273:19809–16.
Chengalvala MV, Bapat AR, Hurlburt WW, Kostek B, Gonder DS, Mastroeni RA, et al. (2001) Biochemical characterization of osteo-testicular protein tyrosine phosphatase and its functional significance in rat primary osteoblasts. Biochemistry 40:814–21.
Chiusaroli R, Knobler H, Luxenburg C, Sanjay A, Granot-Attas S, Tiran Z, et al. (2004) Tyrosine phosphatase epsilon is a positive regulator of osteoclast function in vitro and in vivo. Mol Biol Cell 15:234–44.
Clark EA, Brugge JS (1995) Integrins and signal transduction pathways: the road taken. Science 268: 233–9.
Crippes BA, Engleman VW, Settle SL, Delarco J, Ornberg RL, Helfrich MH, et al. (1996) Antibody to β3 integrin inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in the thyroparathyroidectomized rat. Endocrinology 137:918–24.
Cunningham CC, Stossel TP, Kwiatkowski DJ (1991) Enhanced motility in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts that overexpress gelsolin. Science 251:1233–6.
Darnay BG, Haridas V, Ni J, Moore PA, Aggarwal BB (1998) Characterization of the intracellular domain of receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK). Interaction with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors and activation of NF-κB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. J Biol Chem 273:20551–5.
David J-P, Sabapathy K, Hoffmann O, Idarraga MH, Wagner EF (2002) JNK1 modulates osteoclastogenesis through both c-Jun phosphorylation-dependent and-independent mechanisms. J Cell Sci 115:4317–25.
Davies J, Warwick J, Totty N, Philp R, Helfrich M, Horton M (1989) The osteoclast functional antigen, implicated in the regulation of bone resorption, is biochemically related to the vitronectin receptor. J Cell Biol 109:1817–26.
Daws MR, Lanier LL, Seaman WE, Ryan JC (2001) Cloning and characterization of a novel mouse myeloid DAP12-associated receptor family. Eur J Immunol 31:783–91.
Delaisse JM, Eeckhout Y, Neff L, Francois-Gillet C, Henriet P, Su Y, et al. (1993) (Pro)collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase-1) is present in rodent osteoclasts and in the underlying bone-resorbing compartment. J Cell Sci 106:1071–82.
Della Rocca GJ, Maudsley S, Daaka Y, Lefkowitz RJ, Luttrell LM (1999) Pleiotropic coupling of G protein-coupled receptors to the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. Role of focal adhesions and receptor tyrosine kinases. J Biol Chem 274:13978–84.
Della Rocca GJ, van Biesen T, Daaka Y, Luttrell DK, Luttrell LM, Lefkowitz RJ (1997) Ras-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by G protein-coupled receptors. Convergence of Gi-and Gq-mediated pathways on calcium/calmodulin, Pyk2, and Src kinase. J Biol Chem 272:19125–32.
Dikic I, Tokiwa G, Lev S, Courtneidge SA, Schlessinger J (1996) A role for Pyk2 and Src in linking G-protein-coupled receptors with MAP kinase activation. Nature 383:547–50.
Dougall WC, Glaccum M, Charrier K, Rohrbach K, Brasel K, De Smedt T, et al. (1999) RANK is essential for osteoclast and lymph node development. Genes & Dev 13:2412–24.
Duong LT, Lakkakorpi PT, Nakamura I, Machwate M, Nagy RM, Rodan GA (1998) PYK2 in osteoclasts is an adhesion kinase, localized in the sealing zone, activated by ligation of αvβ3 integrin, and phosphorylated by Src kinase. J Clin Invest 102:881–92.
Duong LT, Nakamura I, Lakkakorpi PT, Lipfert L, Bett AJ, Rodan GA (2001) Inhibition of osteoclast function by adenovirus expressing antisense protein-tyrosine kinase 2. J Biol Chem 276:7484–92.
Elson A (1999) Protein tyrosine phosphatase e increases the risk of mammary hyperplasia and mammary tumors in transgenic mice. Oncogene 18: 7535–42.
Elson A, Leder P (1995) Identification of a cytoplasmic, phorbol ester-inducible isoform of protein tyrosine phosphatase ɛ. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:12235–9.
Elson A, Leder P (1995) Protein-tyrosine phosphatase ɛ. An isoform specifically expressed in mouse mammary tumors initiated by v-Ha-ras or neu. J Biol Chem 270:26116–22.
Engleman VW, Nickols GA, Ross FP, Horton MA, Griggs DW, Settle SL, et al. (1997) A peptidomimetic antagonist of the αVβ3 integrin inhibits bone resorption in vitro and prevents osteoporosis in vivo. J Clin Invest 99:2284–892.
Fantl WJ, Johnson DE, Williams LT (1993) Signalling by receptor tyrosine kinases. Annu Rev Biochem 62: 453–81.
Feng X, Takeshita S, Namba N, Wei S, Teitelbaum SL, Ross FP (2002) Tyrosines 559 and 807 in the cytoplasmic tail of the macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor play distinct roles in osteoclast differentiation and function. Endocrinology 143:4868–74.
Fisher JE, Caulfield MP, Sato M, Quartuccio HA, Gould RJ, Garsky VM, et al. (1993) Inhibition of osteoclastic bone resorption in vivo by echistatin, an “arginylglycyl-aspartyl” (RGD)-containing protein. Endocrinology 132:1411–13.
Flores ME, Heinegard D, Reinholt FP, Andersson G (1996) Bone sialoprotein coated on glass and plastic surfaces is recognized by different β3 integrins. Exp Cell Res 227:40–6.
Force T, Bonventre JV, Flannery MR, Gorn AH, Yamin M, Goldring SR (1992) A cloned porcine renal calcitonin receptor couples to adenylyl cyclase and phospholipase C. Am J Physiol 262:F1110–15.
Franzoso G, Carlson L, Xing L, Poljak L, Shores EW, Brown KD, et al. (1997) Requirement for NF-κB in osteoclast and B-cell development. Genes Dev 11:3482–96.
Frattini A, Orchard PJ, Sobacchi C, Giliani S, Abinun M, Mattsson JP, et al. (2000) Defects in TCIRG1 subunit of the vacuolar proton pump are responsible for a subset of human autosomal recessive osteopetrosis. Nat Genet 25:343–6.
Fuller K, Owens JM, Jagger CJ, Wilson A, Moss R, Chambers TJ (1993) Macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulates survival and chemotactic behavior in isolated osteoclasts. J Exp Med 178:1733–44.
Galibert L, Tometsko ME, Anderson DM, Cosman D, Dougall WC (1998) The involvement of multiple tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factors in the signaling mechanisms of receptor activator of NF-κB, a member of the TNFR superfamily. J Biol Chem 273:34120–7.
Gelb BD, Shi G-P, Chapman HA, Desnick RJ (1996) Pycnodysostosis, a lysosomal disease caused by cathepsin K deficiency. Science 273:1236–8.
Giancotti FG, Ruoslahti E (1999) Integrin signaling. Science 285:1028–33.
Gil-Henn H, Elson A (2003) Tyrosine phosphatase-ɛ activates Src and supports the transformed phenotype of Neu-induced mammary tumor cells. J Biol Chem 278:15579–86.
Gil-Henn H, Volohonsky G, Elson A (2001) Regulation of protein-tyrosine phosphatases α and ɛ by calpain-mediated proteolytic cleavage. J Biol Chem 276: 31772–9.
Gil-Henn H, Volohonsky G, Toledano-Katchalski H, Gandre S, Elson A (2000) Generation of novel cytoplasmic forms of protein tyrosine phosphatase epsilon by proteolytic processing and translational control. Oncogene 19:4375–84.
Green MC, Shultz LD (1975) Motheaten, an immunodeficient mutant of the mouse. I. Genetics and pathology. J Hered 66:250–8.
Grey A, Chen Y, Paliwal I, Carlberg K, Insogna K (2000) Evidence for a functional association between phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and c-src in the spreading response of osteoclasts to colony-stimulating factor-1. Endocrinology 141:2129–38.
Grigoriadis AE, Wang Z-Q, Cecchini MG, Hofstetter W, Felix R, Fleisch HA, et al. (1994) c-Fos: a key regulator of osteoclast-macrophage lineage determination and bone remodeling. Science 266:443–8.
Hakak Y, Martin GS (1999) Ubiquitin-dependent degradation of active Src. Curr. Biol 9:1039–42.
Hakola HP (1972) Neuropsychiatric and genetic aspects of a new hereditary disease characterized by progressive dementia and lipomembranous polycystic osteodysplasia. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 232:1–173.
Hall TJ, Chambers TJ (1989) Optimal bone resorption by isolated rat osteoclasts requires chloride/bicarbonate exchange. Calcif Tissue Int 45:378–80.
Hamilton JA (1997) CSF-1 signal transduction. J Leukoc Biol 62:145–55.
Haque SJ, Harbor P, Tabrizi M, Yi T, Williams BRG (1998) Protein-tyrosine phosphatase Shp-1 is a negative regulator of IL-4-and IL-13-dependent signal transduction. J Biol Chem 273:33893–6.
Hattersley G, Dorey E, Horton MA, Chambers TJ (1988) Human macrophage colony-stimulating factor inhibits bone resorption by osteoclasts disaggregated from rat bone. J Cell Physiol 137:199–203.
Hayashi T, Kaneda T, Toyama Y, Kumegawa M, Hakeda Y (2002) Regulation of receptor activator of NF-kB ligand-induced osteoclastogenesis by endogenous interferon-β (INF-β) and suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS). The possible counteracting role of SOCSs in IFN-β-inhibited osteoclast formation. J Biol Chem 277:27880–6.
Helfrich MH, Nesbitt SA, Lakkakorpi PT, Barnes MJ, Bodary SC, Shankar G, et al. (1996) β1 integrins and osteoclast function: involvement in collagen recognition and bone resorption. Bone 19:317–28.
Holtrop ME, Raisz LG, Simmons HA (1974) The effects of parathyroid hormone, colchicine, and calcitonin on the ultrastructure and the activity of osteoclasts in organ culture. J Cell Biol 60:346–55.
Horne WC, Neff L, Chatterjee D, Lomri A, Levy JB, Baron R (1992) Osteoclasts express high levels of pp60c-src in association with intracellular membranes. J Cell Biol 119:1003–13.
Horton MA (1997) The αvβ3 integrin “vitronectin receptor”. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 29:721–5.
Horton MA, Taylor ML, Arnett TR, Helfrich MH (1991) Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides and the anti-vitronectin receptor antibody 23C6 inhibit dentine resorption and cell spreading by osteoclasts. Exp Cell Res 195:368–75.
Hotokezaka H, Sakai E, Kanaoka K, Saito K, Matsuo K, Kitaura H, et al. (2002) U0126 and PD98059, specific inhibitors of MEK, accelerate differentiation of RAW264.7 cells into osteoclast-like cells. J Biol Chem 277:47366–72.
Hruska KA, Rolnick F, Huskey M, Alvarez U, Cheresh D (1995) Engagement of the osteoclast integrin αvβ3 by osteopontin stimulates phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxyl kinase activity. Ann NY Acad Sci 760:151–65.
Hsu H, Lacey DL, Dunstan CR, Solovyev I, Colombero A, Timms E, et al. (1999) Tumor necrosis factor receptor family member RANK mediates osteoclast differentiation and activation induced by osteoprotegerin ligand. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:3540–5.
Hunter T (1995) Protein kinases and phosphatases: the yin and yang of protein phosphorylation and signaling. Cell 80:225–36.
Insogna KL, Sahni M, Grey AB, Tanaka S, Horne WC, Neff L, et al. (1997) Colony-stimulating factor-1 induces cytoskeletal reorganization and c-src-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of selected cellular proteins in rodent osteoclasts. J Clin Invest 100:2476–85.
Joazeiro CAP, Wing SS, Huang H-K, Leverson JD, Hunter T, Liu Y-C (1999) The tyrosine kinase negative regulator c-Cbl as a RING-type, E2-dependent ubiquitin-protein ligase. Science 286:309–12.
Kaifu T, Nakahara J, Inui M, Mishima K, Momiyama T, Kaji M, et al. (2003) Osteopetrosis and thalamic hypomyelinosis with synaptic degeneration in DAP12-deficient mice. J Clin Invest 111:323–32.
Kallio DM, Garant PR, Minkin C (1972) Ultrastructural effects of calcitonin on osteoclasts in tissue culture. J Ultrastruct Res 39:205–16.
Karin M, Cao Y, Greten FR, Li ZW (2002) NF-κB in cancer: from innocent bystander to major culprit. Nat Rev Cancer 2:301–10.
Khaled AR, Butfiloski EJ, Sobel ES, Schiffenbauer J (1998) Functional consequences of the SHP-1 defect in motheaten viable mice: role of NF-κB. Cell Immunol 185:49–58.
King KL, D’Anza JJ, Bodary S, Pitti R, Siegel M, Lazarus RA, et al. (1994) Effects of kistrin on bone resorption in vitro and serum calcium in vivo. J Bone Miner Res 9:381–7.
Klemke RL, Leng J, Molander R, Brooks PC, Vuori K, Cheresh DA (1998) CAS/Crk coupling serves as a “molecular switch” for induction of cell migration. J Cell Biol 140:961–72.
Klingmuller U, Lorenz U, Cantley LC, Neel BG, Lodish HF (1995) Specific recruitment of SH-PTP1 to the erythropoietin receptor causes inactivation of JAK2 and termination of proliferative signals. Cell 80:729–38.
Kobayashi N, Kadono Y, Naito A, Matumoto K, Yamamoto T, Tanaka S, et al. (2001) Segregation of TRAF6-mediated signaling pathways clarifies its role in osteoclastogenesis. EMBO J 20:1271–80.
Kornak U, Kasper D, Bosl MR, Kaiser E, Schweizer M, Schulz A, et al. (2001) Loss of the ClC-7 chloride channel leads to osteopetrosis in mice and man. Cell 104:205–15.
Kornak U, Schulz A, Friedrich W, Uhlhaas S, Kremens B, Voit T, et al. (2000) Mutations in the a3 subunit of the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase cause infantile malignant osteopetrosis. Hum Mol Genet 9:2059–63.
Krueger NX, Streuli M, Saito H (1990) Structural diversity and evolution of human receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatases. EMBO J 9:3241–52.
Lacey DL, Timms E, Tan H-L, Kelley MJ, Dunstan CR, Burgess T, et al. (1998) Osteoprotegerin ligand is a cytokine that regulates osteoclast differentiation and activation. Cell 93:165–76.
Lakkakorpi PT, Nakamura I, Nagy RM, Parsons JT, Rodan GA, Duong LT (1999) Stable association of PYK2 and p130Cas in osteoclasts and their co-localization in the sealing zone. J Biol Chem 274:4900–7.
Lakkakorpi PT, Nakamura I, Young M, Lipfert L, Rodan GA, Duong LT (2001) Abnormal localisation and hyperclustering of αvβ3 integrins and associated proteins in Src-deficient or tyrphostin A9-treated osteoclasts. J Cell Sci 114:149–60.
Lakkakorpi PT, Vaananen HK (1991) Kinetics of the osteoclast cytoskeleton during the resorption cycle in vitro. J Bone Miner Res 6:817–26.
Lakkakorpi PT, Wesolowski G, Zimolo Z, Rodan GA, Rodan SB (1997) Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase association with the osteoclast cytoskeleton, and its involvement in osteoclast attachment and spreading. Exp Cell Res 237:296–306.
Lee PSW, Wang Y, Dominguez MG, Yeung Y-G, Murphy MA, Bowtell DDL, et al. (1999) The Cbl protooncoprotein stimulates CSF-1 receptor multiubiquitination and endocytosis, and attenuates macrophage proliferation. EMBO J 18:3616–28.
Lee SW, Han SI, Kim HH, Lee ZH (2002) TAK1-dependent activation of AP-1 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase by receptor activator of NF-κB. J Biochem Mol Biol 35:371–6.
Levkowitz G, Waterman H, Ettenberg SA, Katz M, Tsygankov AY, Alroy I, et al. (1999) Ubiquitin ligase activity and tyrosine phosphorylation underlie suppression of growth factor signaling by c-Cbl/Sli-1. Mol Cell 4:1029–40.
Li J, Sarosi I, Yan X-Q, Morony S, Capparelli C, Tan H-L, et al. (2000) RANK is the intrinsic hematopoietic cell surface receptor that controls osteoclastogenesis and regulation of bone mass and calcium metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:1566–71.
Li L, Dixon JE (2000) Form, function, and regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatases and their involvement in human diseases. Semin Immunol 12:75–84.
Li X, Udagawa N, Itoh K, Suda K, Murase Y, Nishihara T, et al. (2002) p38 MAPK-mediated signals are required for inducing osteoclast differentiation but not for osteoclast function. Endocrinology 143:3105–13.
Li Y-P, Chen W, Liang Y, Li E, Stashenko P (1999) Atp6i-deficient mice exhibit severe osteopetrosis due to loss of osteoclast-mediated extracellular acidification. Nat Genet 23:447–51.
Lomaga MA, Yeh W-C, Sarosi I, Duncan GS, Furlonger C, Ho A, et al. (1999) TRAF6 deficiency results in osteopetrosis and defective interleukin-1, CD40, and LPS signaling. Genes Dev 13:1015–24.
Lorenz U, Ravichandran KS, Burakoff SJ, Neel BG (1996) Lack of SHPTP1 results in src-family kinase hyperactivation and thymocyte hyperresponsiveness. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:9624–9.
Lowell CA, Niwa M, Soriano P, Varmus HE (1996) Deficiency of the Hck and Src tyrosine kinases results in extreme levels of extramedullary hematopoiesis. Blood 87:1780–92.
Ma YL, Cain RL, Halladay DL, Yang X, Zeng Q, Miles RR, et al. (2001) Catabolic effects of continuous human PTH (1-38) in vivo is associated with sustained stimulation of RANKL and inhibition of osteoprotegerin and gene-associated bone formation. Endocrinology 142:4047–54.
Mansky KC, Sankar U, Han J, Ostrowski MC (2002) Microphthalmia transcription factor is a target of the p38 MAPK pathway in response to receptor activator of NF-κB ligand signaling. J Biol Chem 277:11077–83.
Masarachia P, Yamamoto M, Leu CT, Rodan G, Duong L (1998) Histomorphometric evidence for echistatin inhibition of bone resorption in mice with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Endocrinology 139:1401–10.
Matsumoto M, Sudo T, Saito T, Osada H, Tsujimoto M (2000) Involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway in osteoclastogenesis mediated by receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). J Biol Chem 275:31155–61.
Matthews RJ, Bowne DB, Flores E, Thomas ML (1992) Characterization of hematopoietic intracellular protein tyrosine phosphatases: description of a phosphatase containing an SH2 domain and another enriched in proline-, glutamic acid-, serine-, and threonine-rich sequences. Mol Cell Biol 12:2396–405.
Mauro LJ, Olmsted EA, Davis AR, Dixon JE (1996) Parathyroid hormone regulates the expression of the receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase, OST-PTP, in rat osteoblast-like cells. Endocrinology 137:925–33.
Mauro LJ, Olmsted EA, Skrobacz BM, Mourey RJ, Davis AR, Dixon JE (1994) Identification of a hormonally regulated protein tyrosine phosphatase associated with bone and testicular differentiation. J Biol Chem 269:30659–67.
McHugh KP, Hodivala-Dilke K, Zheng M-H, Namba N, Lam J, Novack D, et al. (2000) Mice lacking β3 integrins are osteosclerotic because of dysfunctional osteoclasts. J Clin Invest 105:433–40.
Miyazaki T, Katagiri H, Kanegae Y, Takayanagi H, Sawada Y, Yamamoto A, et al. (2000) Reciprocal role of ERK and NF-κB pathways in survival and activation of osteoclasts. J Cell Biol 148:333–42.
Miyazaki T, Neff L, Tanaka S, Horne WC, Baron R (2003) Regulation of cytochrome c oxidase activity by c-Src in osteoclasts. J Cell Biol 160:709–18.
Mizukami J, Takaesu G, Akatsuka H, Sakurai H, Ninomiya-Tsuji J, Matsumoto K, et al. (2002) Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) activates TAK1 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase through a signaling complex containing RANK, TAB2, and TRAF6. Mol Cell Biol 22:992–1000.
Moller NPH, Moller KB, Lammers R, Kharitonenkov A, Hoppe E, Wiberg FC, et al. (1995) Selective down-regulation of the insulin receptor signal by protein-tyrosine phosphatases α and ɛ. J Biol Chem 270:23126–31.
Nakamura I, Jimi E, Duong LT, Sasaki T, Takahashi N, Rodan GA, et al. (1998) Tyrosine phosphorylation of p130Cas is involved in actin organization in osteoclasts. J Biol Chem 273:11144–9.
Nakamura I, Lipfert L, Rodan GA, Duong LT (2001) Convergence of αvβ3 integrin-and macrophage colony stimulating factor-mediated signals on phospholipase Cγ in prefusion osteoclasts. J Cell Biol 152:361–73.
Nakamura I, Pilkington MF, Lakkakorpi PT, Lipfert L, Sims SM, Dixon SJ, et al. (1999) Role of αvβ3 integrin in osteoclast migration and formation of the sealing zone. J Cell Sci 112:3985–93.
Nakamura I, Takahashi N, Sasaki T, Jimi E, Kurokawa T, Suda T (1996) Chemical and physical properties of the extracellular matrix are required for the actin ring formation in osteoclasts. J Bone Miner Res 11:1873–9.
Nakamura I, Takahashi N, Sasaki T, Tanaka S, Udagawa N, Murakami H, et al. (1995) Wortmannin, a specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, blocks osteoclastic bone resorption. FEBS Lett 361:79–84.
Nakamura I, Tanaka H, Rodan GA, Duong LT (1998) Echistatin inhibits the migration of murine prefusion osteoclasts and the formation of multinucleated osteoclast-like cells. Endocrinology 139:5182–93.
Nakamura K, Mizuno Y, Kikuchi K (1996) Molecular cloning of a novel cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP ɛ. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 218:726–32.
Naro F, Perez M, Migliaccio S, Galson DL, Orcel P, Teti A, et al. (1998) Phospholipase D-and protein kinase C isoenzyme-dependent signal transduction pathways activated by the calcitonin receptor. Endocrinology 139:3241–8.
Nesbitt S, Nesbit A, Helfrich M, Horton M (1993) Biochemical characterization of human osteoclast integrins. Osteoclasts express αvβ3, α2β1, and αvβ1 integrins. J Biol Chem 268:16737–45.
Nesbitt SA, Horton MA (1997) Trafficking of matrix collagens through bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Science 276:266–9.
Ota J, Sato K, Kimura F, Wakimoto N, Nakamura Y, Nagata N, et al. (2000) Association of Cbl with Fms and p85 in response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor. FEBS Lett 466:96–100.
Palacio S, Felix R (2001) The role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase in spreading osteoclasts induced by colony-stimulating factor-1. Eur J Endocrinol 144:431–40.
Paloneva J, Kestila M, Wu J, Salminen A, Bohling T, Ruotsalainen V, et al. (2000) Loss-of-function mutations in TYROBP (DAP12) result in a presenile dementia with bone cysts. Nat Genet 25:357–61.
Paloneva J, Manninen T, Christman G, Hovanes K, Mandelin J, Adolfsson R, et al. (2002) Mutations in two genes encoding different subunits of a receptor signaling complex result in an identical disease phenotype. Am J Hum Genet 71:656–62.
Paniccia R, Riccioni T, Zani BM, Zigrino P, Scotlandi K, Teti A (1995) Calcitonin down-regulates immediate cell signals induced in human osteoclast-like cells by the bone sialoprotein-IIA fragment through a postintegrin receptor mechanism. Endocrinology 136:1177–86.
Plutzky J, Neel BG, Rosenberg RD (1992) Isolation of a src homology 2-containing tyrosine phosphatase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:1123–7.
Plutzky J, Neel BG, Rosenberg RD, Eddy RL, Byers MG, Jani-Sait S, et al. (1992) Chromosomal localization of an SH2-containing tyrosine phosphatase (PTPN6). Genomics 13:869–72.
Quinn JMW, Elliott J, Gillespie MT, Martin TJ (1998) A combination of osteoclast differentiation factor and macrophage-colony stimulating factor is sufficient for both human and mouse osteoclast formation in vitro. Endocrinology 139:4424–7.
Rajapurohitam V, Chalhoub N, Benachenhou N, Neff L, Baron R, Vacher J (2001) The mouse osteopetrotic grey-lethal mutation induces a defect in osteoclast maturation/function. Bone 28:513–23.
Saftig P, Hunziker E, Wehmeyer O, Jones S, Boyde A, Rommerskirch W, et al. (1998) Impaired osteoclastic bone resorption leads to osteopetrosis in cathepsin-K-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:13453–8.
Salo J, Lehenkari P, Mulari M, Metsikko K, Vaananen HK (1997) Removal of osteoclast bone resorption products by transcytosis. Science 276:270–3.
Sanjay A, Horne WC, Baron R (2001) The Cbl family: ubiquitin ligases regulating signaling by tyrosine kinases. Science’s STKE. http://stke.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/OC_sigtrans;2001/110/pe40.
Sanjay A, Houghton A, Neff L, Didomenico E, Bardelay C, Antoine E, et al. (2001) Cbl associates with Pyk2 and Src to regulate Src kinase activity, αvβ3 integrin-mediated signaling, cell adhesion, and osteoclast motility. J Cell Biol 152:181–95.
Sato M, Sardana MK, Grasser WA, Garsky VM, Murray JM, Gould RJ (1990) Echistatin is a potent inhibitor of bone resorption in culture. J Cell Biol 111:1713–23.
Schlaepfer DD, Broome MA, Hunter T (1997) Fibronectin-stimulated signaling from a focal adhesion kinase-c-Src complex: involvement of the Grb2, p130cas, and Nck adaptor proteins. Mol Cell Biol 17:1702–13.
Schlaepfer DD, Hauck CR, Sieg DJ (1999) Signaling through focal adhesion kinase. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 71:435–378.
Schlessinger J (2000) New roles for Src kinases in control of cell survival and angiogenesis. Cell 100:293–6.
Schwartzberg PL, Xing L, Hoffmann O, Lowell CA, Garrett L, Boyce BF, et al. (1997) Rescue of osteoclast function by transgenic expression of kinase-deficient Src in src -/- mutant mice. Genes Dev 11:2835–44.
Scimeca JC, Franchi A, Trojani C, Parrinello H, Grosgeorge J, Robert C, et al. (2000) The gene encoding the mouse homologue of the human osteoclast-specific 116-kDa V-ATPase subunit bears a deletion in osteosclerotic (oc/oc) mutants. Bone 26:207–13.
Shaw LM, Rabinovitz I, Wang HH-F, Toker A, Mercurio AM (1997) Activation of phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase by the α6β4 integrin promotes carcinoma invasion. Cell 91:949–60.
Shen S-H, Bastien L, Posner BI, Chretien P (1991) A protein-tyrosine phosphatase with sequence similarity to the SH2 domain of the protein-tyrosine kinases. Nature 352:736–9.
Shui C, Riggs BL, Khosla S (2002) The Immunosuppressant rapamycin, alone or with transforming growth factor-β, enhances osteoclast differentiation of RAW264.7 monocyte-macrophage cells in the presence of RANK-ligand. Calcif Tissue Int 71:437–46.
Shultz LD, Schweitzer PA, Rajan TV, Yi T, Ihle JN, Matthews RJ, et al. (1993) Mutations at the murine motheaten locus are within the hematopoietic cell protein-tyrosine phosphatase (Hcph) gene. Cell 73:1445–54.
Shultz LD, Sidman CL (1987) Genetically determined murine models of immunodeficiency. Annu Rev Immunol 5:367–403.
Shyu J-F, Inoue D, Baron R, Horne WC (1996) The deletion of 14 amino acids in the seventh transmembrane domain of a naturally occurring calcitonin receptor isoform alters ligand binding and selectively abolishes coupling to phospholipase C. J Biol Chem 271:31127–34.
Shyu J-F, Zhang Z, Hernandez-Lagunas L, Camerino C, Chen Y, Inoue D, et al. (1999) Protein kinase C antagonizes pertussis-toxin-sensitive coupling of the calcitonin receptor to adenylyl cyclase. Eur J Biochem 262:95–101.
Simonet WS, Lacey DL, Dunstan CR, Kelley M, Chang M-S, Luthy R, et al. (1997) Osteoprotegerin: a novel secreted protein involved in the regulation of bone density. Cell 89:309–19.
Sims NA, Aoki K, Bogdanovich Z, Maragh M, Okigaki M, Logan S, et al. (1999) Impaired osteoclast function in Pyk2 knockout mice and cumulative effects in Pyk2/Src double knockout. J Bone Miner Res 14(Suppl. 1):S183.
Sly WS, Hewett-Emmett D, Whyte MP, Yu Y-S, Tashian RE (1983) Carbonic anhydrase II deficiency identified as the primary defect in the autosomal recessive syndrome of osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis and cerebral calcification. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:2752–6.
Soriano P, Montgomery C, Geske R, Bradley A (1991) Targeted disruption of the c-src proto-oncogene leads to osteopetrosis in mice. Cell 64:693–702.
Suda T, Takahashi N, Udagawa N, Jimi E, Gillespie MT, Martin TJ (1999) Modulation of osteoclast differentiation and function by the new members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor and ligand families. Endocr Rev 20:345–57.
Suhr SM, Pamula S, Baylink DJ, Lau K-HW (2001) Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide evidence that a unique osteoclastic protein-tyrosine phosphatase is essential for osteoclastic resorption. J Bone Miner Res 16:1795–1803.
Sully V, Pownall S, Vincan E, Bassal S, Borowski AH, Hart PH, et al. (2001) Functional abnormalities in protein tyrosine phosphatase ɛ-deficient macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 286:184–8.
Takayanagi H, Kim S, Matsuo K, Suzuki H, Suzuki T, Sato K, et al. (2002) RANKL maintains bone homeostasis through c-Fos-dependent induction of interferon-β. Nature 416:744–9.
Takayanagi H, Ogasawara K, Hida S, Chiba T, Murata S, Sato K, et al. (2000) T-cell-mediated regulation of osteoclastogenesis by signalling cross-talk between RANKL and IFN-γ. Nature 408:600–5.
Takeshita S, Namba N, Zhao JJ, Jiang Y, Genant HK, Silva MJ, et al. (2002) SHIP-deficient mice are severely osteoporotic due to increased numbers of hyper-resorptive osteoclasts. Nat Med 8:943–9.
Tanaka S, Amling M, Neff L, Peyman A, Uhlmann E, Levy JB, et al. (1996) c-Cbl is downstream of c-Src in a signalling pathway necessary for bone resorption. Nature 383:528–31.
Tanaka S, Neff L, Baron R, Levy JB (1995) Tyrosine phosphorylation and translocation of the c-Cbl protein after activation of tyrosine kinase signaling pathways. J Biol Chem 270:14347–51.
Tanuma N, Nakamura K, Kikuchi K (1999) Distinct promoters control transmembrane and cytosolic protein tyrosine phosphatase ɛ expression during macrophage differentiation. Eur J Biochem 259:46–54.
Tanuma N, Nakamura K, Shima H, Kikuchi K (2000) Protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTPɛC inhibits Jak-STAT signaling and differentiation induced by interleukin-6 and leukemia inhibitory factor in M1 leukemia cells. J Biol Chem 275:28216–21.
Tanuma N, Shima H, Nakamura K, Kikuchi K (2001) Protein tyrosine phosphatase ɛC selectively inhibits interleukin-6-and interleukin-10-induced JAK-STAT signaling. Blood 98:3030–4.
Tanuma N, Shima H, Shimada S, Kikuchi K (2003) Reduced tumorigenicity of murine leukemia cells expressing protein-tyrosine phosphatase, PTPɛC. Oncogene 22:1758–62.
Teitelbaum SL (2000) Bone resorption by osteoclasts. Science 289:1504–8.
Thien CBF, Langdon WY (2001) Cbl: many adaptations to regulate protein tyrosine kinases. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2:294–305.
Thomas SM, Brugge JS (1997) Cellular functions regulated by Src family kinases. Annu. Rev Cell Dev Biol 13:513–609.
Toledano-Katchalski H, Kraut J, Sines T, Granot-Attas S, Shohat G, Gil-Henn H, et al. (2003) Protein tyrosine phosphatase ɛ inhibits signaling by mitogen-activated protein kinases. Mol Cancer Res 1:541–50.
Tomic S, Greiser U, Lammers R, Kharitonenkov A, Imyanitov E, Ullrich A, et al. (1995) Association of SH2 domain protein tyrosine phosphatases with the epidermal growth factor receptor in human tumor cells. Phosphatidic acid activates receptor dephosphorylation by PTP1C. J Biol Chem 270:21277–84.
Tonks NK, Neel BG (2001) Combinatorial control of the specificity of protein tyrosine phosphatases. Curr Opin Cell Biol 13:182–95.
Umeda S, Beamer WG, Takagi K, Naito M, Hayashi S-I, Yonemitsu H, et al. (1999) Deficiency of SHP-1 protein-tyrosine phosphatase activity results in heightened osteoclast function and decreased bone density. Am J Pathol 155:223–33.
Vaananen HK, Karhukorpi EK, Sundquist K, Roininen I, Hentunen T, Tuukkanen J, et al. (1990) Evidence for the presence of a proton pump of the vacuolar H+-ATPase type in the ruffled border of osteoclasts. J Cell Biol 111:1305–11.
Vaananen HK, Zhao H, Mulari M, Halleen JM (2000) The cell biology of osteoclast function. J Cell Sci 113:377–81.
Vuori K, Hirai H, Aizawa S, Ruoslahti E (1996) Introduction of p130cas signaling complex formation upon integrin-mediated cell adhesion: a role for Src family kinases. Mol Cell Biol 16:2606–13.
Wabakken T, Hauge H, Finne EF, Wiedlocha A, Aasheim H (2002) Expression of human protein tyrosine phosphatase epsilon in leucocytes: a potential ERK pathway-regulating phosphatase. Scand J Immunol 56:195–203.
Wei S, Wang MW-H, Teitelbaum SL, Ross FP (2002) Interleukin-4 reversibly inhibits osteoclastogenesis via inhibition of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. J Biol Chem 277:6622–30.
Weinreb M, Halperin D (1998) Rat osteoclast precursors in vivo express a vitronectin receptor and a chloride-bicarbonate exchanger. Connect Tissue Res 37:177–82.
Wennerberg K, Lohikangas L, Gullberg D, Pfaff M, Johansson S, Fassler R (1996) β1 integrin-dependent and-independent polymerization of fibronectin. J Cell Biol 132:227–38.
Witke W, Sharpe AH, Hartwig JH, Azuma T, Stossel TP, Kwiatkowski DJ (1995) Hemostatic, inflammatory, and fibroblast responses are blunted in mice lacking gelsolin. Cell 81:41–51.
Wong BR, Besser D, Kim N, Arron JR, Vologodskaia M, Hanafusa H, et al. (1999) TRANCE, a TNF family member, activates Akt/PKB through a signaling complex involving TRAF6 and c-Src. Mol Cell 4:1041–9.
Wu C, Hughes PE, Ginsberg MH, McDonald JA (1996) Identification of a new biological function for the integrin αvβ3: initiation of fibronectin matrix assembly. Cell Adhes Commun 4:149–58.
Wu H, Byrne MH, Stacey A, Goldring MB, Birkhead JR, Jaenisch R, et al. (1990) Generation of collagenase-resistant collagen by site-directed mutagenesis of murine proα1(I) collagen gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:5888–92.
Wu L-W, Baylink DJ, Lau K-H (1996) Molecular cloning and expression of a unique rabbit osteoclastic phosphotyrosyl phosphatase. Biochem J 316:515–23.
Xing L, Bushnell TP, Carlson L, Tai Z, Tondravi M, Siebenlist U, et al. (2002) NF-κB p50 and p52 expression is not required for RANK-expressing osteoclast progenitor formation but is essential for RANK-and cytokine-mediated osteoclastogenesis. J Bone Miner Res 17:1200–10.
Yamamoto A, Miyazaki T, Kadono Y, Takayanagi H, Miura T, Nishina H, et al. (2002) Possible involvement of IκB kinase 2 and MKK7 in osteoclastogenesis induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand. J Bone Miner Res 17:612–21.
Yamamoto M, Fisher JE, Gentile M, Seedor JG, Leu C-T, Rodan SB, et al. (1998) The integrin ligand echistatin prevents bone loss in ovariectomized mice and rats. Endocrinology 139:1411–19.
Yan T, Riggs BL, Boyle WJ, Khosla S (2001) Regulation of osteoclastogenesis and RANK expression by TGFβ1. J Cell Biochem 83:320–5.
Yi T, Ihle JN (1993) Association of hematopoietic cell phosphatase with c-Kit after stimulation with c-Kit ligand. Mol Cell Biol 13:3350–8.
Yi T, Mui AL, Krystal G, Ihle JN (1993) Hematopoietic cell phosphatase associates with the interleukin-3 (IL-3) receptor beta chain and down-regulates IL-3-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and mitogenesis. Mol Cell Biol 13:7577–86.
Yi TL, Cleveland JL, Ihle JN (1992) Protein tyrosine phosphatase containing SH2 domains: characterization, preferential expression in hematopoietic cells, and localization to human chromosome 12p12–p13. Mol Cell Biol 12:836–46.
Yokouchi M, Kondo T, Houghton A, Bartkiewicz M, Horne WC, Zhang H, et al. (1999) Ligand-induced ubiquitination of the epidermal growth factor receptor involves the interaction of the c-Cbl RING finger and UbcH7. J Biol. Chem 274:31707–12.
Yu Z, Su L, Hoglinger O, Jaramillo ML, Banville D, Shen SH (1998) SHP-1 associates with both platelet-derived growth factor receptor and the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. J Biol Chem 273:3687–9364.
Zaidi M, Datta HK, Moonga BS, MacIntyre I (1990) Evidence that the action of calcitonin on rat osteoclasts is mediated by two G proteins acting via separate post-receptor pathways. J Endocrinol 126:473–81.
Zhang X, Chattopadhyay A, Ji QS, Owen JD, Ruest PJ, Carpenter G, et al. (1999) Focal adhesion kinase promotes phospholipase C-γ1 activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:9021–6.
Zhang Z, Baron R, Horne WC (2000) Integrin engagement, the actin cytoskeleton, and c-Src are required for the calcitonin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin and HEF1, but not for calcitonin-induced Erk1/2 phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 275:37219–23.
Zhang Z, Hernandez-Lagunas L, Horne WC, Baron R (1999) Cytoskeleton-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of the maily member HEF1 downstream of the G protein-couopled calcitonin receptor. Calcitonin induces the association of HEF1, paxillin, and focal adhesion of kinase. J Biol Chem 274:25093–8.
Zimolo Z, Weolowski G, Tanaka H, Hyman JL, Hoyer JR, Rodan GA (1994) Soluble αvβ3-integrin ligands raise [Ca2+]I in rat osteoclasts and mouse-derived osteoclast-like cells. Am J Physiol 266:C376–81.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer-Verlag London Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Baron, R., Horne, W.C. (2005). Regulation of Osteoclast Activity. In: Bronner, F., Farach-Carson, M.C., Rubin, J. (eds) Bone Resorption. Topics in Bone Biology, vol 2. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-016-8_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-016-8_3
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-85233-812-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-84628-016-0
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)