Skip to main content

Orthoplastic Reconstruction of the Arms and Legs

  • Chapter
Tissue Surgery

Part of the book series: New Techniques in Surgery Series ((NEWTECHN,volume 1))

Abstract

By definition, a patient sustaining an open fracture in an arm or leg has a soft tissue injury, as well as a bony injury. These two injuries are inextricably linked. Since the days of Hippocrates, fractures have been stabilized by using splints or external furators, and soft tissue injuries have been treated with various potions and salves. Techniques for proper limb alignment and soft tissue as well as fracture healing have been the subject of medicine throughout the modern era.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Levin LS, Condit DP. Combined injuries: soft tissue management. Clin Orthop Rel Res. 1996;(327):172–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Wang H, Erdmann D, Fletcher, Levin LS. Anterolateral thigh flap technique in hand and upper extremity reconstruction. Techniq Hand Upper Extrem Surg. 2004;8(4):257–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Levin LS, Serafin D. Plantar skin coverage. Prob Plast Reconstr Surg. 1991;1(1):156–184.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Keller RB, Soule DN, Wennberg JE, Hanley DF. Dealing with geographic variations in the use of hospitals: the experience of the Maine Medical Assessment Foundation Orthopaedic Study Group. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1990;72:1286–1293.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Levin LS. The reconstructive ladder—an orthoplastic approach. Orthop Clin North Am. 1993;24(3):393–409.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Levin LS. Orthoplastic management of the wrist: an introduction. Prob Plast Reconstr Surg. 1992;2(2):141–143.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Levin LS. Orthoplastic reconstruction of the hand. Cur Opin Orthop. 1993;4(1):10–13.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Allen DM, Hey LA, Heinz TR, Golal R, Levin LS. Development and implementation of an extremity free-tissue transfer database. J Reconstr Microsurg. 1997;13(7):475–485; discussion 486–487.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Heinz T, Cowper P, Levin LS. Microsurgery costs and outcome. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999;104(1):89–96.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Gupta A, Shatford R, Wolff TW, Tsai TW, Scheker L, Levin LS. Treatment of the severely injured upper extremity. Instr Course Lect. 2000;49:377–396; Kleinert, Christine M. Institute for Hand & Microsurgery, Louisville, KY, USA.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Erdmann D, Lee B, Roberts CD, Levin LS. Management of lawnmower injuries to the lower extremity in children and adolescents. Ann Plast Surg. 2000;45:595–600.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Levin LS. Soft tissue coverage options for ankle wounds. Foot Ankle Clin. 2001;6:853–866.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Erdmann D, Sundin B, Yasui K, Wong MS, Levin LS. Microsurgical free flap transfer to amputation sites: indications and results. Ann Plast Surg. 2002;48(2):167–172.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Levin LS, Erdmann D, Germann G. The use of fillet flaps in upper extremity reconstruction. J Am Soc Surg Hand. 2002;2(1)39–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Erdmann D, Sundin BM, Wong MS, Levin LS. Microsurgical free flap transfer to amputation sites: indications and results. Ann Plast Surg. 2002;48:167–172.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Levin LS, Goldner RD, Urbaniak JR, Nunley JA, Hardaker WT. Management of severe musculoskeletal injuries of the upper extremity. J Orthop Trauma. 1990;4(4):432–440.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Desai SS, Chuang DC, Levin LS. Microsurgical reconstruction of the extensor mechanism. Hand Clin. 1995;11(3):471–482.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Levin LS, Hellor L. Lower extremity microsurgical reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001;108(4):1029.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Levin LS, Zenn MR. Microsurgical reconstruction of the lower extremity. Semin Surg Oncol. 2000;19(3):272–281.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Heitmann C, Guerra A, Metzinger SW, Levin LS, Allen RJ. The thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) flap: anatomical basis and clinical application. Ann Plast Surg. 2003;51:23–29.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Levin LS. Controversies and perils: beware of the traumatized gastrocnemius. Techniq Orthop. 1995; 10(2):152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Levin LS, Rehnke R, Eubanks S. Endoscopic surgery of the upper extremity. Hand Clinics. February 1995;11(1):59–70.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Lin CH, Levin LS. Free flap expansion using balloon-assisted endoscopic technique. Microsurgery. 1996;17(6):330–336.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Van Buskirk ER, Rehnke RD, Montgomer RL, Eubanks S, Ferraro FJ, Levin LS. Endoscopic harvest of the latissimus dorsi muscle using the balloon dissection technique. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1997;99(3):899–903; discussion, 904–905.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Ip TY, Aponte R, Koger KE, Germann G, Zobrist R, Levin LS. Use of balloon dissector in minimally invasive aesthetic and reconstructive surgery. Ann Plast Surg. 1998;40(3):205–213.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Lin CH, Wei FC, Levin LS, Chen MC. Donor-site morbidity comparison between endoscopically assisted and traditional harvest of free latissimus dorsi muscle flap. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999;104(4):823.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Heinz T, Levin LS. Aesthetic considerations after limb trauma. Techniq Orthp. 1995;10(2):94–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Levin LS, Aponte R, Germann G. Endoscopic tissue expansion of the upper extremity. Op Techniq Plast Reconstr Surg. 1997;4(1):24–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Levin LS, Erdmann DE. Primary and secondary microvascular reconstruction of the upper extremity. Hand Clin. 2001;17(3):447–455.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Jupiter JB, Gerhard HJ, Guerrero J, Nunley JA, Levin LS. Treatment of segmental defects of the radius with use of the vascularized osteoseptocutaneous fibular autogenous Graft. J Bone Joint Surg. 1997;79(4):542–550.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Lin CH, Wei FC, Levin LS, Su JI, Fan KF, Yeh W, et al. Free composite serratus anterior and rip flaps for tibial composite bone and soft-tissue defect. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1997;99(6):1656–1665.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Heitmann C, Erdmann D, Levin LS. Treatment of segmental defects of the humerus with the use of osteoseptocutaneous fibula graft. J Bone Joint Surg. 2002;84(12):2216–2223.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Erdmann D, Bergqvist GEO, Levin LS. Ipsilateral free fibula transfer for reconstruction of a segmental femoral-shaft defect. Brit J Plast Surg. 2002;55:675–677.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Levin LS, Heitmann C, Khan F. Vasculature of the peroneal artery: an anatomic study focused on the perforator vessels. J Reconstr Microsurg. 2003;19(3):157–162.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Levin LS. Combined free tissue transplantation and Ilizarov for lower extremity salvage. Young Microsurgeon’s Perspective Newsletter. Am Soc Reconstr Microsurg. January 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Levin LS, Aponte RL, Nunley JA. Soft-tissue coverage for the foot and ankle. Foot Ankle Clin. 1999;4(3):853–866.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Baumeister S, Spierer R, Erdmann D, Sweis R, Levin LS, Germann G. A realistic complication analysis of 70 sural flaps in a multimorbid patient group. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003;112:129–142.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Heitmann C, Levin LS. The orthoplastic approach in the management of the severely traumatized foot and ankle. J Trauma. 2003;54:379–390.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Levin LS. Regional flap alternatives to microsurgery in the dysvascular extremity. Op Techniq Plast Reconstr Surg. 1997;4(4):236–249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Heitmann C, Patzakis MJ, Tetsworth K, Levin LS. Musculoskeletal sepsis: principles of treatment. Instr Course Lect. 2003;52:733–743.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Heitmann C, Higgins L, Levin LS. Treatment of deep shoulder infections with pedicled myocutaneous flaps. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2004;13(1):13–17.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Harvey EJ, Aponte R, Levin LS. The application of the island pedicle latissimus dorsi flap for soft tissue coverage of the elbow. Can Plast Surg J. 1999;(1):23–26, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Gates H, Levin LS, Harrelson J, Urbaniak JR. The use of hyperbaric oxygen in treatment of chronic osteomyelitis. Orthop Trans. 1988;12(3):524.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Maynor ML, Moon RE, Camporesi EM, Fawcett TA, Fracia PJ, Norfell HC, et al. Chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia: treatment with hyperbaric oxygen and autogenous microsurgical muscle transplantation. J South Orthop Assoc. 1998;7(1):43–57.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Oishi SN, Levin LS, Pederson WC. Microsurgical management of extremity wounds in diabetics with peripheral vascular disease. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1993;92(3):485–492.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Ritter EF, Anthony JP, Levin LS, Demas CP, Klitzman B, Skarada DL, et al. Microsurgical composite tissue transplantation at difficult recipient sites facilitated by preliminary installation of vein grafts as arterviovenous loops. J Reconstr Microsurg. 1996;12(4):231–240.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Lin CH, Levin LS. The functional outcome of lower extremity fractures with vascular injury. J Trauma. 1999;43(3):480–485.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Levin LS, Nunley JA. Management of soft tissue problems associated with calcaneal fractures. Clin Orthop Rel Res. 1993;(290):151–156.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Levin LS, Barwick W, Pederson WC, Brenman S, Serafin D. Long-term follow-up of autologous tissue transplantation to the foot and ankle. J Reconstr Microsurg. 1991;7(3):253.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Hendrickson SC, Koger KE, Morea CJ, Aponte R, Smith PK, Levin LS. Sternal plating for treatment of sternal nonunion. Ann Thorac Surg. 1996;62(2):512–518.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Ip TY, Aponte R, Koger KE, Germann G, Zobrist R, Levin LS. Use of the balloon dissector in minimally invasive aesthetic and reconstructive surgery. Ann Plast Surg. 1998;40(3):205–213.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer-Verlag London Limited

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Levin, L.S. (2006). Orthoplastic Reconstruction of the Arms and Legs. In: Siemionow, M.Z. (eds) Tissue Surgery. New Techniques in Surgery Series, vol 1. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-128-8_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-128-8_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-85233-970-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-84628-128-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics