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Hydrogels for Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering

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Polymers for Regenerative Medicine

Part of the book series: Advances in Polymer Science ((POLYMER,volume 203))

Abstract

The advancements in scaffold-supported cell therapy for musculoskeletal tissue engineering have been truly dramatic in the last couple of decades. This article briefly reviews the role of natural and synthetic hydrogels in the above field. The most appealing feature of hydrogels as scaffolding materials is their structural similarity to extracellular matrix (ECM) and their easy processability under mild conditions. The primary developments in this field comprise formulation of biomimetic hydrogels incorporating specific biochemical and biophysical cues so as to mimic the natural ECM, design strategies for cell-mediated degradation of scaffolds, techniques for achieving in situ gelation which allow minimally invasive administration of cell-laden hydrogels into the defect site, scaffold-mediated differentiation of adult and embryonic stem cells, and finally, the integration of tissue-engineered “biological implants” with the native tissue. All these developments in regenerative medicine are reviewed in this article.

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Abbreviations

ACT:

Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation

BMP:

bone morphogenetic proteins

CO 2 :

carbon dioxide

CS:

chondroitin sulfate

ECM:

extracellular matrix

e-PTFE:

expanded poly(tetrafluroethylene) membrane

ES:

embryonic stem cells

GAG:

glycosaminoglycan

HA:

hyaluroic acid

hES:

human embryonic stem cells

IVD:

intervertebral disc

LCST:

lower critical solution temperature

MIS:

minimally invasive surgeries

MMP:

matrix metalloproteinase

MSC:

mesenchymal stem cells

NiTi:

nitinol

OA:

osteoarthritis

OPF:

poly(ethylene glycol fumerate)

PAA:

poly(acrylic acid)

PAMPS:

poly(acrylamidomtheyl propane sulfonic acid)

PEG:

poly(ethylene glycol)

PEO:

poly(ethylene oxide)

PEGDA:

poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate)

PGA:

poly(glycolic acid)

PHEMA:

poly(hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate)

PLA:

poly(lactic acid)

PLGA:

poly(lactic-glycolic) acid

PNIPAm:

poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)

PPF:

poly(propylene fumerate)

PVA:

poly(vinyl alcohol)

RGD:

arginine-glycine-aspartic acids

SIS:

small intestinal submucosa

2D:

two dimensional

3D:

three dimensional

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge Gaurav Arya (Department of Chemistry and Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University) for valuable discussions. We also acknowledge financial support from the Whitaker Foundation and an arthritis investigator award from the Arthritis Foundation and Johns Hopkins University.

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  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, 21218, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    Shyni Varghese & Jennifer H. Elisseeff

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  1. Shyni Varghese
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Correspondence to Shyni Varghese .

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Carsten Werner

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Varghese, S., Elisseeff, J.H. Hydrogels for Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering. In: Werner, C. (eds) Polymers for Regenerative Medicine. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 203. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/12_072

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