Skip to main content

On the Application of the Concept of Dependability for Design and Analysis of Vision Systems

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Computer Vision Systems (ICVS 2003)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 2626))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 677 Accesses

Abstract

Dependability is the property of a computer system such that reliance can justifiably be placed on the service it delivers[28]. In safety- and mission-critical systems such as in space or avionics the concept of dependability has become imperative for the specification, design and assessment. Dependability evaluation techniques allow to estimate the availability and reliability of highly complex systems prior to their implementation. Thus, it supports rapid development by reducing late corrections of design and implementation.

This paper aims to introduce the dependable system theory for vision-systems and discusses its applicability and limitations. Models are provided for analyzing the structural robustness of computer vision systems and demonstrated in the exemplary analysis of a voting-based multi-cue tracking-system.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. T. Anderson and P. A. Lee. Fault Tolerance — Principles and Practice. Prentice Hall, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  2. K. Arbter, J. Langwald, G. Hirzinger, G. Q. Wei, and P. Wunsch. Proven Techniques for Robust Visual Servo Control. In IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Automation (ICRA’ 98) Workshop on Robust Vision for Vision-Based Control of Motion, May 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  3. J. Arlat, Y. Crouzet, P. Folkesson, J. Karlsson, and G. Leber. Integration and Comparison of Three Physical Fault Injection Techniques. In Predictably Dependable Computing Systems, Basic Research Series. Springer Verlag, 199.

    Google Scholar 

  4. J. P. Baretto, P. Peixoto, and J. Batista ans H. Araujo. Evaluation of the Robustness of Visual Behaviors through Performance Characterization. In IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Automation (ICRA’ 98) Workshop on Robust Vision for Vision-Based Control of Motion, May 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  5. A. Bondavalli, F. D. Giandomenico, and J. Xu. A Cost-Effective and Flexible Scheme for Software Fault Tolerance. Journal of Computer Systems Science and Engineering, 8(4): 234–244, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  6. W. C. Carter. A time for reflection. In Proc. 12th IEEE Int. Symp. on Fault Tolerant Computing (FTCS-12), pages 9-1–9-15. Springer Verlag, January 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  7. R. Cavallaro and I. D. Walker. A Survey of NASA and Military Standards on Fault Tolerance and Reliability Applied to Robotics. In Proc. AIAA/NASA Conference on Intelligent Robots in Field, Factory, Service, and Space, pages 282–286, Mar 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  8. S. C. Cheung and J. Kramer. An integrated method for effective behaviour analysis of distributed systems. In Proc. 16th Int. Conf. on Software engineering, pages 309-, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  9. A. Cozzi, B. Crespi, F. Valentinotti, and F. Wörgötter. Perfromance of Phase-Based Algorithms for Disparity Estimation. In IAPR Machine Vision and Applications, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  10. D. Craigen. FM 89: Assessment of Formal Methods For Trustworthy Computer Systems. In Proc. 12’th Int. Conf. on Software Engineering, pages 233–235, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  11. B. Curtis, H. Krasner, and N. Iscoe. “A field study of the software design process for large systems. Commun. ACM, 31(11):1268–1287, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. A. J. van de Goor and C. A. Verruijt. An overview of deterministic functional RAM chip testing. ACM Comput. Survey, 22, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  13. H. F. Durrant-Whyte. Sensor Models and Multisensor Integration. Int. Journal of Robotics Research, Vol. 7 No. 6:97–113, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. D. W. Eggert, A. Lorusso, and R. B. Fisher. Estimating 3D Rigid Body Transformations: a Comparision of four Major Algorithms. In IAPR Machine Vision and Appli., 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  15. G. Färber and F. Demmelmeier. Taskspecific assignment of redundancy in the fault-tolerant multicomputer system future. In D. R. Wilson et al, editor, Micro-Computers: Developments in industry, business and education. Prepr. from the 9th EUROMICRO Sympos, pages 245–255. Euromicro, North Holland Publishing Company, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  16. O. D. Faugeras and M. Hebert. The Representation, Recognition, and Locating of 3-d objects. Int. J. Robotics Research, 5(3):27–54, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. J. A. Fayman, E. Rivlin, and D. Mosse. Real-Time Active Vision with Fault Tolerance. In Int. Conf. on Pattern Recognition, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  18. K.W: Gaede. Zuverlaessigkeit, Mathematische Modelle. Carl Hanser Verlag, Muenchen, Wien, 1977.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. W. Eric L. Grimson and T. Lozano-Perez. Localizing Overlapping Parts by Searching the Interpretation Tree. IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 9(4):469–482, July 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. D.L. Hamilton, J.K. Bennett, and I.D. Walker. Parallel fault-tolerant robot contro. In Proc. 1992 SPIE Conf. on Cooperative Intelligent Robotics in Space III, pages 251–261. SPIE, Nov. 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  21. J. Herbsleb, A. Carleton, J. Rozum, J. Siegel, and D. Zubrow. Benefits of CMM-Based Software Process Improvement: Initial Results. Technical Report CMU/SEI-94-TR-013, Carnegie Mellon, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  22. IEEE. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, ANSI/IEEE-Std-352, IEEE Guide for General Principles of Reliability Analysis of Nuclear Power Generating Station Protecting Systems. IEEE, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  23. H. Kopetz, A. Damm, C. Koza, M. Mulazzani, W. Schwabl, C. Senft, and R. Zailinger. Distributed Fault-Tolerant Real-Time Systems: The Mars Approach. IEEE Micro, 9(1):25–40, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. D. Kragic and H. I. Christensen. Integration of Visual Cues for Active Tracking of an End-Effector. In Proc. IEEE/RSJ Int. Conf. on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), pages-, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  25. P. Krautgartner and M. Vincze. Optimal Image processing Architecture for Active Vision Systems. In Proc. 1st International Conf. on Computer Vision Systems (ICVS’99), pages 331–343, January 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  26. S. Lanser and T. Lengauer. On the Selection of Candidates for Point and Line Correspondences. In International Symposium on Computer Vision, pages 157–162. IEEE Computer Society Press, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  27. J.-C. Laprie. Dependability: Basic Concepts and Terminologie in English, French, German, Italian and Japanese. In J.-C. Laprie, editor, Dependable Computing and Fault Tolerance,5. Springer Verlag Vienna, Austria, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  28. J.-C. Laprie. Dependability-Its Attributes, Impairments and Means. In Predictably Dependable Computing Systems, Basic Research Series. Springer Verlag Vienna, Austria, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  29. M. I. Leuschen, I. D. Walker, and J. R. Cavallaro. Robot Reliability Using Fuzzy Fault Trees and Markov ModelsThrough Markov Fuzzy Models.

    Google Scholar 

  30. N. G. Leveson. Safeware: System Safety and Computers. Addison-Wesley, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  31. T. J. McCabe and C. W. Butler. Design Complexity Measurement and Testing. Commun. ACM, 32(12): 1415–1425, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. M. Misra and I. Mitrani. Analysis of Data Replication with Two Levels of Consistency. In Proc. of the 2nd Int. Comp. Perform. and Dependability Symp. (IPDS 96). IEEE, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  33. L.J. Morell. A Theory of Fault-Based Testing. IEEE Trans. on Software Engineering, 16(8): 844–857, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. G. J. Myers. The Art of Software Testing. John Wiley and Sons, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  35. G. Naumovich, G. S. Avrunin, L. A. Clarke, and L. J. Osterweil. Applying Static Analysis to Software Architectures. In Proceedings of the 6th Europ. Conf. held jointly with the 5th ACM SIGSOFT Symp. on Software engineering, pages 77–93, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Victor P. Nelson. Fault-Tolerant Computing: Fundamental Concepts. IEEE Computer, 23(7):19–25, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  37. N. Thacker P. Courtney and A. F. Clark. Algorithmic Modelling for Performance Evaluation. In IAPR Machine Vision and Applications, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Behrooz Parhami. Voting algorithms. IEEE Transactions on Reliability, 43(4):617–629, December 1994.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. P. Pirjanian and H. I. Christensen. Improving Task Reliability by Fusion of Redundant Homogeneous Modules Using Voting Schemes. In Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Automation (ICRA’ 97), pages 425–430, April 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  40. V. Ramesha and R. M. Haralick. Random Perturbation Models for Boundary Extraction Sequence. In IAPR Machine Vision and Applications, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  41. B. Randell, J.-C. Laprie, H. Kopetz, and B. Littlewood (Eds.). Predictably Dependable Computing Systems. Springer Verlag, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  42. A. L. Reibman and M. Veeraraghavan. Reliability Modeling: An Overview for Systems Designers. IEEE Computer, 24(4):49–57, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  43. J. Rushby. Formal Specification and Verification for Critical Systems: Tools, Achievements, and Prospects. In EPRI Workshop on Methodologies for Cost-Effective, Reliable Software Verification and Validation, EPRI TR-00294. 9-1 to 9-15, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  44. G. D. Sullivan S. Zhang and K. D. Baker. Using Automatically Constructed View-Independent Relational Model in 3D Object Recognition. In European Conf. on Computer Vision, pages 778–768, May 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  45. J. Sheinvald and N. Kiryati. On the Magic of Slide. In IAPR Machine Vision and Applications, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Y. Shirai, R. Okoda, and T. Yamane. Robust Visual Tracking by Integrating Various Cues. In IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Automation (ICRA’ 98) Workshop on Robust Vision for Vision-Based Control of Motion, May 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  47. M. Soika. Grid Based Fault Detection and Calibration for Sensors on Mobile Robots. In Proc. of the IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Automation, pages 2589–2594, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  48. R. N. Taylor, D. L. Levine, and C. D. Kelly. Structural Testing of Concurrent Programs. IEEE Trans. on Software Engineering, 18(3):206–215, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. P. K. Varshney. Distributed Detection With Multiple Sensors: Part I — Fundamentals. Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 85 No. 1:3–4, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  50. S. Vinther and R. Cipolla. Active 3D Object Recognition using 3D Affine Invariants. In European Conf. on Computer Vision, pages 16–24, May 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Jeffrey M. Voas and Keith W. Miller. Software Testability: The New Verification. IEEE Software, 12(3), 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  52. C. Wang and D. R. Musser. Dynamic verification of C++ generic algorithms. IEEE Trans. on Software Engineering, 23(5):314–323, 1997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Eberst, C., Herbig, T. (2003). On the Application of the Concept of Dependability for Design and Analysis of Vision Systems. In: Crowley, J.L., Piater, J.H., Vincze, M., Paletta, L. (eds) Computer Vision Systems. ICVS 2003. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 2626. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36592-3_28

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36592-3_28

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-00921-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-36592-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics