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Observations of the beam-beam interaction in Hadron colliders

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Frontiers of Particle Beams: Intensity Limitations

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Physics ((LNP,volume 400))

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Abstract

The beam-beam issues in three hadron colliders were reviewed. The beam-beam interaction was not a major problem in the ISR since it collided unbunched beams. The performance of bunced beam colliders, however, was seriously limited by the beam-beam interaction. Observations at the CERN SPS showed that the beam-beam interaction excites resonances up to order 16. The SPS experiments demonstrated the “self-scraping” phenomenon which was reproduced in the TEVATRON later. Other beam-beam experiments in the SPS showed the detrimental effects of having different emittances for protons and antiprotons, and the excitation of the 13th-order resonance in the case of separated beams.

Experiments on long-range beam-beam interactions in the TEVATRON have shown that there are two different processes that lead to beam loss. The first one occurs when the average separation is between 1.5-2σ. Particles experience very nonlinear fields and the resonances are excited. The second one occurs when the tune shift footprint exhibits a flip. Larger-amplitude particles experience larger tune shifts. The distorted shape of the detuning curve enlarges the resonance width.

Special attention was paid to the 12th order resonance in the TEVATRON experiments. At 150 GeV, with proton and antiproton tunes sitting on the 12th and with 3σ average separation, no lifetime effect was observed in the 6×1 experiment.

The long-range beam-beam experiments in the TEVATRON also demonstrated that in the 6×6 mode, with nominal intensities and emittances given for the 1992 collider run, even 3σ average separation can be tolerated. In the 36×36 mode, with the nominal beam parameters that can be provided by the Fermilab Main Injector, the average separation must be kept above 5σ.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA

    S. Saritepe, G. Goderre & S. Peggs

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  1. S. Saritepe
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  2. G. Goderre
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  3. S. Peggs
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M. Dienes M. Month S. Turner

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© 1992 Springer-Verlag

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Saritepe, S., Goderre, G., Peggs, S. (1992). Observations of the beam-beam interaction in Hadron colliders. In: Dienes, M., Month, M., Turner, S. (eds) Frontiers of Particle Beams: Intensity Limitations. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 400. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-55250-2_34

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-55250-2_34

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-55250-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-46797-7

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