Skip to main content

Wavelength sensitivity in polymer photodegradation

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Polymer Analysis Polymer Physics

Part of the book series: Advances in Polymer Science ((POLYMER,volume 128))

Abstract

This review examines the terminology and experimental approaches used to describe wavelength sensitivity in polymer photodegradation and summarizes the data published on the subject. Wavelength sensitivity or the efficacy of different regions or individual wavelengths in the ultra violet-visible region of the spectrum is usually expressed in terms of action and activation spectra. An action spectrum shows the effectiveness of a photoprocess at unit or constant irradiating photons, at different irradiating wavelengths. An activation spectrum shows the efficacy of different spectral regions of a specific source spectrum in causing a photoprocess. Published data on both naturally-occurring polymers and the key synthetic polymers are summarized.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

7 References

  1. Stivala SS, Kimura J, Gabbay SM (1993). In: Allen NS (ed) Degradation and stabilization of polymers, Applied Science Publishers, New York, p 79

    Google Scholar 

  2. Searle ND (1989). In: Patsiis AV (ed) International conference on the advances in stabilization and controlled degradation of polymers, Vol I. Technomic Publishing, Lancaster Pa, p 62

    Google Scholar 

  3. Phillips D (1985). In: Phillips D (ed) Polymer photophysics. Chapman and Hall, New York

    Google Scholar 

  4. Turro N (1978) Modern molecular photochemistry. Benjamin/Cummings, Menlo, Park, CA

    Google Scholar 

  5. Billingham NC, Walker TJ (1975) J Polym Sci A1 13: 1209

    Google Scholar 

  6. Rabek F (1995) Polymer photodegradation, Chapman and Hall (London, England)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Rabek JF (1987) Mechanisms of photophysical processes and photochemical reactions in polymers, John Wiley and Sons (London)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Shlyapintokh VY (1985) Photochemical conversions and polymer stabilization, Hanser Publishers, Munchen, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  9. Scott G (1990) Polymer degradation and stabilization, Elsevier Applied Science Publishers (London)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Osawa Z (1986) Photodegradation and stabilization of polymers: Fundamentals and practice of photostabilization of polymers, CMC Company (Tokyo, Japan)

    Google Scholar 

  11. McKellar JF, Allen NS (1979) Photochemistry of man-made polymers, Applied Science Publishers (London, England)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Schafer E, Fukshansky L, Shropshire W Jr (1983) In: Shropshire W Jr, Mohr H (ed) Encyclopedia of plant physiology (Springer Verlag, Berlin)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Decker C, Balandier M (1982) Eur Polym J 18: 1085

    Google Scholar 

  14. Gibb WH, MacCuallum JR (1971) Europ Polym J 7: 1231

    Google Scholar 

  15. Feedasova GT, Strelkova LD, Krats EO, Lebedev VP, Wall KS1LA (1960) SPE J 16: 1031

    Google Scholar 

  16. Mitsuoka T, Torikai A, Fueki K (1993) J Appl Polym Sci 47: 1027

    Google Scholar 

  17. Balandier M, Decker C (1978) Europ Polym J 14: 995

    Google Scholar 

  18. Martin JW, Lechner JA, Varner RN (1994). In: Warren D. Ketola, Douglas Grossman (eds) Accelerated and Outdoor Durability Testing of Organic Materials, ASTM STP 1202, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, p 27

    Google Scholar 

  19. Hirt RC, Searle NZ (1967) Appl Polym Symp 4: 61

    Google Scholar 

  20. Allan DS, Maecker NL, Priddy DB, Schrock NJ (1994) Macromolecules 27 (26): 7621

    Google Scholar 

  21. Dobrowolski JA (1965) Appl Opt 4: 937

    Google Scholar 

  22. Walraven RL (1978) Rev Sci Instrum 49: 537

    Google Scholar 

  23. Bradley DJ, Mitchell CJ (1968) Phil trans Royal Soc A 263: 209

    Google Scholar 

  24. Decker C (1984) Eur Polym J 20: 149

    Google Scholar 

  25. Decker C, Ackhardt A, Ehrburger P (1990) Carbon 28: 246

    Google Scholar 

  26. Garrison LM, Murray LE, Doda DD, Green AES (1978) Appl Opt 17: 827

    Google Scholar 

  27. Mertz L (1977) Appl Opt, 16: 3122

    Google Scholar 

  28. Watanabe W, Furuyu M, Miyoshi Y, Inoue Y, Iwahashi I, Matsumoto K (1983) Bioscience 33: 53

    Google Scholar 

  29. Decker C, Balandier M (1981) J Photochem 15: 221

    Google Scholar 

  30. Pochan JM, Gibson HW, Baily FC (1980) J Polym Sci, Polym Lett Ed, 18: 447

    Google Scholar 

  31. Johnson LD, Tincher WC, Bach HC (1969) J Appl Polym Sci 13: 1825

    Google Scholar 

  32. Searle ND, Preprint 7th International Conference on the Advances in Stabilization and controlled degradation of polymers, Luzern 22–24 May, 1985

    Google Scholar 

  33. Trubiroha P (1980) Materialpruf 22(3): 117

    Google Scholar 

  34. Davis A, Gordon D (1974) J Appl Polym Sci 18: 1173

    Google Scholar 

  35. Andrady AL, Torikai A, Fueki K (1989) J Appl Polym Sci 37: 935

    Google Scholar 

  36. Andrady AL, Fueki K, Torikai A (1990) J Appl Polym Sci 39: 766

    Google Scholar 

  37. Andrady AL, Searle ND (1989) J Appl Polym Sci 37: 2789

    Google Scholar 

  38. Shultz AR, Andrady AL (1987) J Appl Polym Sci 33: 2249

    Google Scholar 

  39. Andrady AL, Shultz AR (1987) J Appl Polym Sci 33: 1389

    Google Scholar 

  40. Kubelka P, Munk F (1931) Z Tech Phys 12: 593

    Google Scholar 

  41. Seyfried M, Fukshansky L (1983) Appl Optics 22(9): 1402

    Google Scholar 

  42. Andrady AL, Searle ND, Unpublished data.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Trubiroha P (1989). In: Patsis AV (ed) International conference on the advances in stabilization and controlled degradation of polymers, Vol I. Technomic Publishing, Lancaster Pa, p 236

    Google Scholar 

  44. Andrady AL, Searle ND (1995) TAPPI Journal 78(5): 131

    Google Scholar 

  45. Timell TE (1967) Wood Sci Technol 16: 83

    Google Scholar 

  46. Hon DN-S, Glasser W (1979) Plast Technol Eng 12: 159

    Google Scholar 

  47. Norrstrom H (1969) Sven Papperstidn 72: 25

    Google Scholar 

  48. Heitner C (1993). In: Heitner C, Sciano JC (eds) Photochemistry of lignocellulosic materials, Acs Symposium Ser 531 American Chemical Society, p 2

    Google Scholar 

  49. Gellerstedt G, Pattersson E (1977) Swensk Papperstidning 1: 15

    Google Scholar 

  50. Lin Y, Kringstad KP (1971) Norsk Skogindustri 25: 252

    Google Scholar 

  51. Lin SY, Kringstad KP (1970) Tappi 53: 1676

    Google Scholar 

  52. Brunow G, Eriksson B (1977) Acta Chem Scand 25: 22

    Google Scholar 

  53. Kringstad KP, Lin SY (1970) Tappi 53: 2296

    Google Scholar 

  54. Gierer J, Lin SY (1972) Svensk Papperstidn 75: 233

    Google Scholar 

  55. Leary GJ (1968) Tappi 51: 257

    Google Scholar 

  56. Nolan P, Van der Akker JA, Wink WA (1945) Pap Trade J 11(121): 33

    Google Scholar 

  57. Van der Akker JA, Lewis HF, Jones GW, Buchanan MA (1949) Tappi 4(32): 187

    Google Scholar 

  58. Forsskåhl I, Tylli H (1993) In: Heitner C, Sciano JC (eds) Photochemistry of lignocellulosic materials, Acs Symposium Ser 531 American Chemical Society. p 45

    Google Scholar 

  59. Andrady AL, Song Y, Parthasarathy VR, Fueki K, Torikai A, TAPPI 74(8): 162

    Google Scholar 

  60. Maclaren JA (1963) Textile Res J 33: 773

    Google Scholar 

  61. Launer HF (1965) Textile Res J 35: 395

    Google Scholar 

  62. Derbyshire AN, Lemin DR (1964) J Soc Dyers and Colourists 80: 243

    Google Scholar 

  63. Nicholls CH, Pailthorpe MT (1976) J Textile Inst 67: 397

    Google Scholar 

  64. Tokuyama T, Senoh S, Sakan T, Brown KS, Witkop B (1967) J Amer Chem Soc 89: 1017

    Google Scholar 

  65. Holt LA, Milligan B (1973) Aust J Biol, 26: 871

    Google Scholar 

  66. Holt LA, Milligan B (1976) J Text Res 67: 269

    Google Scholar 

  67. Lennox FG, King MG (1968) Textile Res J 38 754

    Google Scholar 

  68. Lennox FG, King MG, Leaver IH, Ramsay GC, Savige We (1971) Applied Polym Symp No 18: 353

    Google Scholar 

  69. Stroud D, Vinyl J (1983) Technol 5(2): 52

    Google Scholar 

  70. Summers JW, Rabinovitch EB (1983) J Vinyl Technol 5(3): 91

    Google Scholar 

  71. Mathur K, Kramer K (1983) J Vinyl Technol 5(1): 32

    Google Scholar 

  72. Summers J (1983) J Vinyl Technol 5(2): 43

    Google Scholar 

  73. Marechal JC (1978) J Macromol Sci Chem 12: 609

    Google Scholar 

  74. Verdu J (1978) Macromol Sci Chem 12: 551

    Google Scholar 

  75. Balandier M, Decker C (1978) Eur Polym J 14: 995

    Google Scholar 

  76. Daniels VD, Rees HH (1974) J Polym Sci Polym Chem Ed 12: 2115

    Google Scholar 

  77. Owen ED, Bailey RJ (1972) J Polym Sci Polym Chem Ed 10: 113

    Google Scholar 

  78. Braun D, Kull S (1980) Angew Makromol Chem 85: 79

    Google Scholar 

  79. Braun D, Kull S (1980) Angew Makromol Chem 86: 171

    Google Scholar 

  80. Rabonavitch EB, Queensberry JG, Summers JW (1983) J Vinyl Technol 5(3): 110

    Google Scholar 

  81. Braun D, Bezdadea E (1981) Angew Makromol Chem 99: 55

    Google Scholar 

  82. Martin KG, Tilley RI (1971) Br Polym J 3: 36–40

    Google Scholar 

  83. Reinisch RF, Gloria HR, Wilson DE (1966) Polym Preprints 7(1): 372

    Google Scholar 

  84. Druesdow D, Gibbs C (1953) Nat Bur Stand (USA) Circ 525: 69

    Google Scholar 

  85. Nagy TG, Kelen T, Turcsanyi B, Tudos F (1977) J Polym Sci, Polym Chem Ed 15: 853

    Google Scholar 

  86. Owen ED, Williams JI (1974) J Polym Sci, Polym Chem Ed 12: 1933

    Google Scholar 

  87. Owen ED, Read RL (1979) J Polym Sci, Polym Chem Ed 17: 2719

    Google Scholar 

  88. Warner WC, Gruber EE (1966) I&EC Proc Res Dev 5(3): 219

    Google Scholar 

  89. Gupta A, Rembaum A, Moacanin J (1978) Macromolecules 11(6): 1285

    Google Scholar 

  90. Ong E, Bair HE (1979) Polym Prep 20: 945

    Google Scholar 

  91. Rivaton A, Sallet D, Lemaire J (1983) Polymer Photochem 3: 463

    Google Scholar 

  92. Rivaton A, Sallet D, Lemaire J (1986) Polymer Deg Stab 14: 1

    Google Scholar 

  93. Clark DT, Munro HS (1984) Polymer Deg Stab 8: 195

    Google Scholar 

  94. Factor A, Chu ML (1980) Polymer Deg Stab 2: 203

    Google Scholar 

  95. Clark DT, Munro HS (1982) Polymer Deg Stab 4: 441

    Google Scholar 

  96. Torikai A, Mitsuoka T, Fueki K (1993) J Polym Sci A, Chem Ed 31: 2785

    Google Scholar 

  97. Gesner BD, Kelleher PG (1969) J Appl Polym Sci 132183

    Google Scholar 

  98. Humphrey JS, Shultz AR, Jacquiss DBG (1973) Macromolecules 6: 305

    Google Scholar 

  99. Gupta VP, Pierre LE (1979) J Polym Sci, Polym Chem Ed 17: 797

    Google Scholar 

  100. Andrady AL, Searle ND, Crewdson LFE (1992) Polym Degrad Stab 35: 235–247

    Google Scholar 

  101. Factor A, Ligon WV, May RJ (1987) Macromolecules 20: 2461

    Google Scholar 

  102. Abbas K (1975) Appl Polym Symp 35: 345

    Google Scholar 

  103. Factor A, Ligon WV, May RJ Greenberg FH (1989). In: Patsis AV (ed) International conference on the advances in stabilization and controlled degradation of polymers, Vol II. Patsis Technomic Publishing, Lancaster Pa, p 45

    Google Scholar 

  104. Fukuda Y, Ozawa Z (1991) Polym Deg Stab 34: 75

    Google Scholar 

  105. Andrady AL, Fueki K, Torikai A (1991a) J Appl Polym Sci 42: 2105

    Google Scholar 

  106. Mullens PA, Searle NZ (1970) J Applied Polym Sci 14: 765

    Google Scholar 

  107. Gupta A, Lian R, Tasy FD, Mocanin J (1980) Macromolecules 13: 1696

    Google Scholar 

  108. Torikai A, Fueki K (1982) Polym Photochem 2: 297

    Google Scholar 

  109. Torikai A, Ohono M, Fueki K, (1990) J Appl Polym Sci 41: 1023

    Google Scholar 

  110. Torikai A, Hattori T, Eguchi T (1995) J Polym Sci, Polym Chem Ed 33: 1867

    Google Scholar 

  111. Andrady AL, Pegram JE (1991) J Appl Polym Sci 42(6): 1589

    Google Scholar 

  112. Gugumus F (1979) Dev Polymer Stab 1: 8

    Google Scholar 

  113. Grassie N, Weir NA (1965) J Appl Polym Sci 9: 987

    Google Scholar 

  114. Savides C, Stretanski JA, Costello LR (1968). “Light Stabilization of Polystyrene,” in: Gould RF (ed) Stabilization of polymers and stabilizer processes, (Advances in Chemistry Series No. 85), American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1968, p 187

    Google Scholar 

  115. Ranby B, Lucki J (1980) Pure Appl Chem 52: 295

    Google Scholar 

  116. Lawrence B, Weir NA, (1966) Chem Commun 273

    Google Scholar 

  117. Kubica J, Waligora B (1977) Europ Polym J 13: 325

    Google Scholar 

  118. Rabek JF, Ransby B (1974) J Polym Sci, Polym Chem Ed 12: 273

    Google Scholar 

  119. Grassie N, Weir NA (1965) J Appl Polym Sci 9: 975

    Google Scholar 

  120. Ghaffar A, Scott GA, Scott G (1976) Eur Polym J 11: 271

    Google Scholar 

  121. Torikai A, Kato H, Fueki K, Suzuki Y, Okizaki A, Nagata M (1993) J Appl Polym Sci 50: 2185

    Google Scholar 

  122. Andrady AL, “Accelerated environmental exposure, Laboratory testing, and recyclability study of photo/biodegradable plastics”, Final Report to USEPA under Contact ≠ 68-02-4544 Task II-60. January 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  123. Scott G Ed, Ultraviolet light induced reactions in polymers. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1976, p. 340

    Google Scholar 

  124. Carlesson DJ, Wiles DM (1976) J Macromol Sci Rev Macromol Chem C 14: 155

    Google Scholar 

  125. Benson W (1965) J Chem Educ 42: 501

    Google Scholar 

  126. Tsuji K, Nagita H (1977) Rep Prog Polym Phys Japan 20: 563

    Google Scholar 

  127. Davis W, Noyes WA (1947) J Amer Chem Soc 60: 2153

    Google Scholar 

  128. MacMillan GR, Clavert JG, Pitts JN (1964) J Amer Chem Soc 86: 3602

    Google Scholar 

  129. Guillet JE, Dhanaray J, Colemba FJ, Hartley GH (1968) Adv Chem Series 85: 272

    Google Scholar 

  130. Scott G (1976) J Polym Sci Symp 57: 357

    Google Scholar 

  131. Scott G (1975) Amer Chem Soc Div Org Coat Plast Chem, Prepr 35: 163

    Google Scholar 

  132. Omichi H, Hagiwara M, Asano M, Araki K (1979) J Polym Sci, Symp 24: 2311

    Google Scholar 

  133. Andrady AL, Pegram JE, Searle ND, Unpublished data

    Google Scholar 

  134. Zhengfeng Z, Xingzhou H, Zubo L, Unpublished data. Personal communication

    Google Scholar 

  135. Heacock JF (1968) J Polym Soc Part A-1 6: 2921

    Google Scholar 

  136. Torikai A, Chigata K, Okisaki F, Nagata M (1993) Polym Preprints Japan 42: 2045: J Appl Polym Sci (in press)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1997 Springer-Verlag

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Andrady, A.L. (1997). Wavelength sensitivity in polymer photodegradation. In: Polymer Analysis Polymer Physics. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 128. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-61218-1_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-61218-1_6

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-61218-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-68374-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics