Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Vollaard EJ, Clasener HAL (1994) Colonisation resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 335:409–414
Vlaspolder F, Zeeuw G de, Rozenberg-Arska M et al (1987) The influence of flucloxacillin and amoxicillin with clavulanic acid on the aerobic flora of the alimentary tract. Infection 15:241–244
Harbarth S, Liassine N, Dharan S et al (2000) Risk factors for persistent carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Infect Dis 31:1380–1385
Shek FW, Stacey BSF, Rendell J et al (2000) The rise of Clostridium difficile: the effect of length of stay, patient age and antibiotic use. J Hosp Infect 45:235–237
Donskey CJ, Chowdry TK, Hecker MT et al (2000) Effect of antibiotic therapy on the density of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in the stool of colonised patients. N Engl J Med 343:1925–1932
van Saene R, Fairclough S, Petros A (1998) Broad-and narrow-spectrum antibiotics: a different approach. Clin Microbiol Infect 4:56–57
Buck AC, Cooke EM (1969) The fate of ingested Pseudomonas aeruginosa in normal persons. J Med Microbiol 2:521–525
van Saene HKF, Stoutenbeek CP, Geitz JN et al (1988) Effect of amoxycillin on colonisation resistance in human volunteers.Microb Ecol Health Dis 1:169–177
Vollaard EJ, Clasener HAL, Janssen AJHM et al (1990) Influence of amoxycillin on microbial colonisation resistance in healthy volunteers. A methodological study. J Antimicrob Chemother 25:861–871
Vollaard EJ, Clasener HAL, Janssen AJHM et al (1990) Influence of cefotaxime on microbial colonisation resistance in healthy volunteers. J Antimicrob Chemother 26:117–123
Vollaard EJ, Clasener HAL, Janssen AJHM (1992) Influence of cephradine on microbial colonisation resistance in healthy volunteers.Microb Ecol Health Dis 5:147–153
Toltzis P, Yamashita T, Vilt L et al (1998) Antibiotic restriction does not alter endemic colonisation with resistant Gram-negative rods in a pediatric intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 26:1893–1899
Samonis G, Gikas A, Toloudis P et al (1994) Prospective study of the impact of broad-spectrum antibiotics on the yeast flora of the human gut. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 13:665–667
Krcmery V Jr, Oravcova E, Spanik S et al (1998) Nosocomial breakthrough fungaemia during antifungal prophylaxis or empirical anti-fungal therapy in 41 cancer patients receiving anti-neoplastic chemotherapy: analysis of aetiology risk factors and outcome. J Antimicrob Chemother 41:373–380.
Lode H, von der Höh N, Ziege S et al (2001)Ecological effects of linezolid versus amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid on the normal intestinal microflora. Scand J Infect Dis 33:899–903.
Cunha AC (2001) Effective antibiotic-resistance control strategies. Lancet 357:1307–1308
Lee SC, Fung CP, Liu PYF et al (1999) Nosocomial infections with ceftazidime-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: risk factors and outcome. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 20:205–207
Fink MP, Snydman DR, Niederman MS et al (1994) Treatment of severe pneumonia in hospitalised patients: results of a multi-center, randomised, double-blind trial comparing intravenous ciprofloxacin and imipenem-cilastatin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 38:547–557
Carmeli Y, Troillet N, Eliopoulos GM, Samore MH (1999) Emergence of antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: comparison of risks associated with different antipseudomonal agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 43: 1379–1382
Lacey RW, Lord VL, Howson GL et al (1983) Double-blind study to compare the selection of antibiotic resistance by amoxycillin or cephradine in the commensal flora. Lancet II:529–532
de Man P, Verhoeven BAN, Verburgh HA et al (2000) An antibiotic policy to prevent emergence of resistant bacilli. Lancet 355:973–978
Cunha BA (2000) Antibiotic resistance.Med Clin North Am 84:1407–1429
Mingeot-Leclercq MP, Glupczynski Y, Tulkens PM (1999) Aminoglycosides: activity and resistance.Antimicrob Agents Chemother 43:727–737
Gerding DN, Larson TA, Hughes RA et al (1991) Aminoglycoside resistance and aminoglycoside usage: ten years of experience in one hospital. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 35:1284–1290
Toltzis P, Dul M, O’Riordan MA et al (2003) Cefepime use in a pediatric intensive care unit reduces colonization with resistant bacilli. Pediatr Infect Dis J 22:109–114
Gillespie T, Masterton RG (2002) Investigation into the selection frequency of resistant mutants and the bacterial kill rate by levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in non-mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients. Int J Antimicrob Agents 19:377–382
Livermore DM (2002) Multiple mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: our worst nightmare? Clin Infect Dis 34:634–640
Dofferhoff AS, Nijland JH, de Vries-Hospers HG et al (1991) Effects of different types and combinations of antimicrobial agents on endotoxin release from Gram-negative bacteria: an in vitro and in vivo study. Scand J Infect Dis 23:745–754
Jackson JJ, Kropp H (1992) Beta-lactam antibiotic-induced release of free endotoxin: in vitro comparison of penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 2-specific imipenem and PBP 3-specific ceftazidime. J Infect Dis 165:1033–1041
Prins JM, van Deventer SJH, Kuijper EJ, Speelman P (1994) Clinical relevance of antibiotic-induced endotoxin release. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 38:1211–1218
Luchi M, Morrison DC, Opal S et al (2000) A comparative trial of imipenem versus ceftazidime in the release of endotoxin and cytokine generation in patients with Gram-negative urosepsis. J Endotoxin Res 6:25–31
Prins JM, van Agtmael MA, Kuijper EJ et al (1995) Antibiotic-induced endotoxin release in patients with Gram-negative urosepsis: a double-blind study comparing imipenem and ceftazidime. J Infect Dis 172:888–891
Holzheimer RG, Hirte JF, Reith B et al (1996) Different endotoxin release and IL-6 plasma levels after antibiotic administration in surgical intensive care patients. J Endotoxin Res 3:261–267
Crosby HA, Bion JF, Penn CW, Elliott TSJ (1994) Antibiotic-induced release of endotoxin from bacteria in vitro. J Med Microbiol 40:23–30
Artenstein AW, Cross AS (1989) Inhibition of endotoxin reactivity by aminoglycosides. J Antimicrob Chemother 24:826–828
Foca A, Matera G, Berlinghieri MC (1993) Inhibition of endotoxin-induced interleukin 8 release by teicoplanin in human whole blood. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 12:940–944
Siedlar M, Szczepanik A, Wieckiewicz J et al (1997) Vancomycin down-regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and TNF alpha mRNA accumulation in human blood monocytes. Immunopharmacology 35:265–271
Prentice HG, Hann IM, Herbrecht R et al (1997) A randomized comparison of liposomal versus conventional amphotericin B for the treatment of pyrexia of unknown origin in neutropenic patients. Br J Haematol 98:711–718
Peters M, Petros A, Dixon G et al (1999) Acquired immuno-paralysis in paediatric intensive care: prospective observational study. BMJ 319:609–610
Kaiser AB (1986) Antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery. N Engl J Med 315:1129–1138
Stoutenbeek CP (1989) The role of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis in infection prevention in intensive care by SDD. Infection 17:418–421
Lingnau W, Berger J, Javorsky F et al (1997) Selective intestinal decontamination in multiple trauma patients: prospective, controlled trial. J Trauma 42:687–694
Verwaest C, Verhaegen J, Ferdinande P et al (1997) Randomised, controlled trial of selective digestive decontamination in 600 mechanically ventilated patients in a multidisciplinary intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 25:63–71
Krueger WA, Lenhart FP, Neeser G et al (2002) Influence of combined intravenous and topical antibiotic prophylaxis on the incidence of infections, organ dysfunctions, and mortality in critically ill patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 166:1029–1037
Baxby D, van Saene HKF, Stoutenbeek CP, Zandstra DF (1996) Selective decontamination of the digestive tract: 13 years on,what it is and what it is not. Intensive Care Med 22:699–706
Damjanovic V, Connolly CM, van Saene HKF et al (1993) Selective decontamination with nystatin for control of a Candida outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit. J Hosp Infect 24:245–259
Cal MA de la, Cerda E, van Saene HKF et al (2004) Effectiveness and safety of enteral vancomycin to control endemicity of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a medical/surgical intensive care unit. J Hosp Infect 56:175–183
Desai MH, Rutan RL, Heggers JP, Herndon DN (1992) Candida infection with and without nystatin prophylaxis. Arch Surg 127: 159–162
Morar P, Makura Z, Jones A et al (2000) Topical antibiotics on tracheostoma prevents exogenous colonisation and infection of lower airways in children. Chest 117:513–518
Alcock SR (1990) Short-term parenteral antibiotics used as a supplement to SDD regimens. Infection 13[Suppl 1]:S14–S18
Sirvent JM, Torres A, El-Ebiary M et al (1997) Protective effect of intravenously administered cefuroxime against nosocomial pneumonia in patients with structural coma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 155:1729–1734
Hospital-acquired pneumonia in adults: diagnosis, assessment of severity, initial antimicrobial therapy, and preventative strategies (1995). A consensus statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 153:1711–1725
Chastre J, Wolff M, Fagon JY et al (2003) Comparison of 8 vs 15 days of antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults. A randomised trial. JAMA 290: 2588–2598
A’Court CHD, Garrard CS, Crook D et al (1993) Microbiological lung surveillance in mechanically ventilated patients, using non-directed bronchial lavage and quantitative culture. Q J Med 86:635–648
Montravers P, Fagon JY, Chastre J et al (1993) Follow-up protected specimen brushes to assess treatment in nosocomial pneumonia. Am Rev Respir Dis 147:38–44
Singh N, Rogers P, Atwood CW et al (2000) Short-course empiric antibiotic therapy for patients with pulmonary infiltrates in the intensive care unit. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 162:505–511
Dennesen PJW, van derVen AJAM, Kessels AGH et al (2001) Resolution of infectious parameters after antimicrobial therapy in patients with VAP. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 163:1371–1375
Ibrahim EH, Ward S, Sherman G et al (2001) Experience with a clinical guideline for the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Crit Care Med 29:1109–1115
Condon RE (2002) Bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Arch Surg 137:1417–1418
Torres A, Ewig S (2004) Diagnosing ventilator-associated pneumonia. N Engl J Med 350:433–435.
Ledingham I McA, Alcock SR, Eastaway AT et al (1988) Triple regimen of selective decontamination of the digestive tract, systemic cefotaxime, and microbiological surveillance for prevention of acquired infection in intensive care. Lancet I:785–790
Luna CM, Vujacich P, Niederman MS et al (1997) Impact of BAL data on the therapy and outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest 111:676–685
Alvarez-Lerma F and the ICU-acquired Pneumonia Study Group (1996) Modification of empiric antibiotic treatment in patients with pneumonia acquired in the intensive care unit. Intensive Care Med 22:387–394
Sarginson RE, Taylor N, Reilly N et al (2004) Infection in prolonged pediatric critical illness: a prospective four year study based on knowledge of the carrier state. Crit Care Med 32: 839–847
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer-Verlag Italia
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
van Saene, H., Reilly, N., de Silvestre, A., Nardi, G. (2005). Antibiotic Policies in the Intensive Care Unit. In: van Saene, H.K.F., De La Cal, M.A., Silvestri, L. (eds) Infection Control in the Intensive Care Unit. Topics in Anaesthesia and Critical Care. Springer, Milano . https://doi.org/10.1007/88-470-0361-X_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/88-470-0361-X_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Milano
Print ISBN: 978-88-470-0185-5
Online ISBN: 978-88-470-0361-3
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)