Abstract
The King’s war against the Scots, conducted during his period of personal rule without Parliament, did not receive the support of the Short Parliament when finally summoned. One of the grievances that lay behind the Long Parliament’s Act of Attainder against Strafford was that the King had been induced to wage war on Scotland on the promise of support from the Irish (and Catholic) Army. The Long Parliament called the Scots their ‘brethren’ and described the war against Scotland disparagingly as the ‘Bishops’ War’: a war fought on behalf of episcopacy, with its echoes of popery, against the Scottish Church to which most Puritan Parliamentarians looked as the model reformed church. When combined with the Irish rebellion, the Bishops’ War triggered Puritan paranoia about popish conspiracies to overwhelm Protestantism in the three kingdoms. It was not difficult to feel paranoid when Europe was already experiencing the convulsions of a thirty years’ war between Catholics and Protestants. As time went by, Puritans began to suspect that the King himself might be implicated in the conspiracy — if not by design, at least through the influence of ‘evil counsel’.
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Further Reading
Anthony Fletcher, The Outbreak of the English Civil War (London: Edward Arnold, 1981). Includes a detailed discussion of political developments, November 1640—October 1642.
Anthony Fletcher, ‘The Coming of War’, in John Morrill (ed.), Reactions to the English Civil War (London: Macmillan, 1982).
Brian Manning, ‘The Outbreak of the English Civil War’ and D. H. Pennington, ‘The Rebels of 1642’ in R. H. Parry (ed.), The English Civil War and after, 1642–1658 (London: Macmillan, 1970).
Ronald Hutton, The Royalist War Effort, 1642–46 (London: Macmillan, 1983).
Ronald Hutton, ‘The Royalist War Effort’, in John Morrill (ed.), Reactions to the English Civil War (London: Macmillan, 1982).
Peter Young and Wilfrid Emberton, The Cavalier Army. Its Organisation and Everyday Life (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1974).
Martyn Bennett, ‘The Agony of Choosing Sides’, in his The Civil Wars in Britain and Ireland, 1638–1651 (Oxford: Blackwell, 1997), pp. 113–41.
Roger Howell, ‘Neutralism, Conservatism and Political Alignment in the English Revolution: the case of the Towns, 1642–9’, in John Morrill (ed.), Reactions to the English Civil War, 1642–1649 (London, Macmillan, 1982).
Brian Manning, The English People and the English Revolution (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1978), pp. 215–83. The section ‘Resistance of the Industrial Districts’ (pp. 215–35) gives a fascinating account of parliamentarian support in the large cities, especially London, and the importance of the London Trained Bands.
David Underdown, ‘The Civil War and the People’ and ‘The Distribution of Allegiance’, in his Revel, Riot & Rebellion (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985), pp. 162–207.
Charles Carlton, Going to the Wars. The Experience of the British Civil Wars, 1638–1651 (London: Routledge, 1992).
Martyn Bennett, The Civil Wars in Britain and Ireland, 1683–1651 (Oxford: Blackwell, 1997), Part II.
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Maurice Ashley, The Greatness of Oliver Cromwell (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1957), chapters 7, 8 and 10.
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John Reeve, ‘Secret alliance and Protestant agitation in two kingdoms: the early Caroline background to the Irish Rebellion of 1641’, in Ian Gentles, John Morrill and Blair Worden, Soldiers, Writers and Statesmen of the English Revolution (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), pp. 19–35.
Martyn Bennett, ‘Rebellion in Ireland’, in his The Civil Wars in Britain and Ireland 1638–1651, (Oxford: Blackwell, 1997), pp. 82–109.
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© 2000 D. E. Kennedy
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Kennedy, D.E. (2000). The War for King and Parliament, 1642–6. In: The English Revolution 1642–1649. British History in Perspective. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-333-98420-8_2
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