Skip to main content
  • 1418 Accesses

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abbas, U. L., Anderson, R. M., & Mellors, J. W. (2007). Potential impact of antiretroviral chemoprophylaxis on HIV-1 transmission in resource-limited settings. PLoS ONE, 2(9), e875.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alliance for Microbicide Development (2006). Microbicide research and development database. (Accessed December 31, 2006); www.microbicide.org/cs/microbicide_rd_database.

  • Auvert, B., Taljaard, D., Lagarde, E., Sobngwi-Tambekou, J., Sitta, R., & Puren, A. (2005). Randomized, controlled intervention trial of male circumcision for reduction of HIV infection risk: the ANRS 1265 Trial. PLoS Medicine, 2(11), e298.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bailey, R. C., Moses, S., Parker, C. B., Agot, K., Maclean, I., Krieger, J. N., Williams, C. F., Campbell, R. T., & Ndinya-Achola, J. O. (2007). Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu, Kenya: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 369(9562), 643–656.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barnhart, K. T., Pretorius, E. S., Timbers, K., Shera, D., Shabbout, M., & Malamud, D. (2004). In vivo distribution of a vaginal gel: MRI evaluation of the effects of gel volume, time and simulated intercourse. Contraception, 70(6), 498–505.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blower, S., Bodine, E., Kahn, J., & McFarland, W. (2005). The antiretroviral rollout and drug-resistant HIV in Africa: insights from empirical data and theoretical models. AIDS, 19(1), 1–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coplan, P. M., Mitchnick, M., & Rosenberg, Z. F. (2004). Public health. Regulatory challenges in microbicide development. Science, 304(5679), 1911–1912.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Corey, L., Wald, A., Celum, C. L., & Quinn, T. C. (2004). The effects of Herpes Simplex Virus-2 on HIV-1 acquisition and transmission: a review of two overlapping epidemics. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 35(5), 435–445.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham, C. K., Chaix, M. L., Rekacewicz, C., Britto, P., Rouzioux, C., Gelber, R. D., Dorenbaum, A., Delfraissy, J. F., Bazin, B., Mofenson, L., & Sullivan, J. L. (2002). Development of resistance mutations in women receiving standard antiretroviral therapy who received intrapartum nevirapine to prevent perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission: a substudy of pediatric AIDS clinical trials group protocol 316. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 186(2), 181–188.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • D'Cruz, O. J. & Uckun, F. M. (2004). Clinical development of microbicides for the prevention of HIV infection. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 10(3), 315–336.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duerr, A., Wasserheit, J. N., & Corey, L. (2006). HIV vaccines: new frontiers in vaccine development. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 43(4), 500–511.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eshleman, S. H. & Jackson, J. B. (2002). Nevirapine resistance after single dose prophylaxis. AIDS Reviews, 4(2), 59–63.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fauci, A. S. (2006). Twenty-five years of HIV/AIDS. Science, 313(5786), 409.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garg, S., Kandarapu, R., Vermani, K., Tambwekar, K. R., Garg, A., Waller, D. P., & Zaneveld, L. J. (2003). Development pharmaceutics of microbicide formulations. Part I: preformulation considerations and challenges. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 17(1), 17–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garg, S., Tambwekar, K. R., Vermani, K., Kandarapu, R., Garg, A., Waller, D. P., & Zaneveld, L. J. (2003). Development pharmaceutics of microbicide formulations. Part II: formulation, evaluation, and challenges. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 17(8), 377–399.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grant, R. M., Buchbinder, S., Cates, W., Jr., Clarke, E., Coates, T., Cohen, M. S., Delaney, M., Flores, G., Goicochea, P., Gonsalves, G., Harrington, M., Lama, J. R., MacQueen, K. M., Moore, J. P., Peterson, L., Sanchez, J., Thompson, M., & Wainberg, M. A. (2005). AIDS. Promote HIV chemoprophylaxis research, don't prevent it. Science, 309(5744), 2170–2171.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gray, R. H., Kigozi, G., Serwadda, D., Makumbi, F., Watya, S., Nalugoda, F., Kiwanuka, N., Moulton, L. H., Chaudhary, M. A., Chen, M. Z., Sewankambo, N. K., Wabwire-Mangen, F., Bacon, M. C., Williams, C. F., Opendi, P., Reynolds, S. J., Laeyendecker, O., Quinn, T. C., & Wawer, M. J. (2007). Male circumcision for HIV prevention in men in Rakai, Uganda: a randomised trial. Lancet, 369(9562), 657–666.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haghighi, D. B. & Lashner, B. A. (2004). Left-sided ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America, 33(2), 271–84, ix.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hillier, S. L., Moench, T., Shattock, R., Black, R., Reichelderfer, P., & Veronese, F. (2005). In vitro and in vivo: The Story of Nonoxynol 9. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 39(1), 1–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hu, J., Gardner, M. B., & Miller, C. J. (2000). Simian immunodeficiency virus rapidly penetrates the cervicovaginal mucosa after intravaginal inoculation and infects intraepithelial dendritic cells. Journal of Virology, 74(13), 6087–6095.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, H. N., Tabet, S. R., Corey, L., & Celum, C. L. (2005). Antiretroviral therapy for HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trial participants who seroconvert. Vaccine, 24(3), 532–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koblin, B., Chesney, M., Coates, T., & EXPLORE Study Team. (2004). Effects of a behavioural intervention to reduce acquisition of HIV infection among men who have sex with men: the EXPLORE randomised controlled study. Lancet, 364(9428), 41–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lard-Whiteford, S. L., Matecka, D., O'Rear, J. J., Yuen, I.S., Litterst, C., Reichelderfer, P., & International Working Group on Microbicides. (2004). Recommendations for the nonclinical development of topical microbicides for prevention of HIV transmission: an update. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 36(1), 541–552.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mantell, J. E., Myer, L., Carballo-Dieguez, A., Stein, Z., Ramjee, G., Morar, N. S., & Harrison, P. F. (2005). Microbicide acceptability research: current approaches and future directions. Social Science & Medicine, 60(2), 319–330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mauck, C., Rosenberg, Z., & Van Damme, L. (2001). Recommendations for the clinical development of topical microbicides: an update. AIDS, 15(7), 857–868.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mills, E., Rachlis, B., Wu, P., Wong, E., Wilson, K., & Singh, S. (2005). Media reporting of tenofovir trials in Cambodia and Cameroon. BMC International Health & Human Rights, 5, 6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neurath, A. R., Strick, N., & Li, Y. Y. (2003). Water dispersible microbicidal cellulose acetate phthalate film. BMC Infectious Diseases, 3, 27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Owen, D. H., Peters, J. J., & Katz, D. F. (2000). Rheological properties of contraceptive gels. Contraception, 62(6), 321–326.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Padian, N. S., van der, Straten A., Ramjee, G., Chipato, T., de, Bruyn G., Blanchard, K., Shiboski, S., Montgomery, E. T., Fancher, H., Cheng, H., Rosenblum, M., van der, Laan M., Jewell, N., & McIntyre, J. (2007). Diaphragm and lubricant gel for prevention of HIV acquisition in southern African women: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 370(9583), 251–261.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Poles, M. A., Elliott, J., Taing, P., Anton, P. A., & Chen, I. S. (2001). A preponderance of CCR5(+) CXCR4(+) mononuclear cells enhances gastrointestinal mucosal susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Journal of Virology, 75(18), 8390–8399.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pretorius, A., Timbers, K., Malamud, D., & Barnhart, K. (2003). Magnetic resonance imaging to determine the distribution of a vaginal gel: before, during, and after both simulated and real intercourse. Contraception, 66(6), 443–451.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramjee, G., Govinden, R., Morar, N. S., & Mbewu, A. (2007). South Africa's experience of the closure of the cellulose sulphate microbicide trial. PLoS Medicine, 4(7), e235.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sawires, S. R., Dworkin, S. L., Fiamma, A., Peacock, D., Szekeres, G., & Coates, T. J. (2007). Male circumcision and HIV/AIDS: challenges and opportunities. Lancet, 369(9562), 708–713.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Severy, L. J., Tolley, E., Woodsong, C., & Guest, G. (2005). A framework for examining the sustained acceptability of microbicides. AIDS and Behavior, 9(1), 121–131.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sexton, A., Drake, P. M., Mahmood, N., Harman, S. J., Shattock, R. J., & Ma, J. K. (2006). Transgenic plant production of Cyanovirin-N, an HIV microbicide. FASEB Journal, 20(2), 356–358.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shattock, R. J. (2006). Protection of macaques against rectal SIV challenge by mucosally-applied PMPA. Presented at Microbicides 2006, Cape Town, South Africa (Abstract OA15).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shattock, R. J. & Moore, J. P. (2003). Inhibiting sexual transmission of HIV-1 infection. Nature Reviews. Microbiology, 1(1), 25–34.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stein, Z. A. (1990). HIV prevention: the need for methods women can use. American Journal of Public Health, 80(4), 460–462.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tsai, C. C., Emau, P., Jiang, Y., Tian, B., Morton, W. R., Gustafson, K. R., & Boyd, M. R. (2003). Cyanovirin-N gel as a topical microbicide prevents rectal transmission of SHIV89.6P in macaques. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 19(7), 535–541.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • UNAIDS. (2006). 2006 Report on the global AIDS epidemic. Geneva. www.unaids.org:80/en/KnowledgeCentre/HIVData/GlobalReport/Default.asp.

  • US Food and Drug Administration. (2006). Additional resources regarding drug development of topical microbicides. (Accessed December 31, 2006); www.fda.gov/cder/ode4/preind/Top_Links.htm.

  • Van Damme, L., Ramjee, G., Alary, M., Vuylsteke, B., Chandeying, V., Rees, H., Sirivongrangson, P., Mukenge-Tshibaka, L., Ettiegne-Traore, V., Uaheowitchai, C., Karim, S. S., Masse, B., Perriens, J., & Laga, M. (2002). Effectiveness of COL-1492, a nonoxynol-9 vaginal gel, on HIV-1 transmission in female sex workers: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 360(9338), 971–977.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Veazey, R. S., Klasse, P. J., Schader, S. M., Hu, Q., Ketas, T. J., Lu, M., Marx, P. A., Dufour, J., Colonno, R. J., Shattock, R. J., Springer, M. S., & Moore, J. P. (2005). Protection of macaques from vaginal SHIV challenge by vaginally delivered inhibitors of virus-cell fusion. Nature, 438(7064), 99–102.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Woolfson, A. D., Malcolm, R. K., Morrow, R. J., Toner, C. F., & McCullagh, S. D. (2006). Intravaginal ring delivery of the reverse transcriptase inhibitor TMC 120 as an HIV microbicide. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 325(1–2), 82–89.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer ScienceBusiness Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

McGowan, I. (2008). Microbicide Development. In: Celentano, D.D., Beyrer, C. (eds) Public Health Aspects of HIV/AIDS in Low and Middle Income Countries. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72711-0_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72711-0_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-72710-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-72711-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics