Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Neurobiology of Anxiety: Potential for Co-Morbidity of Anxiety and Substance Use Disorders

  • Chapter
Anxiety and Substance Use Disorders

Part of the book series: Series in Anxiety and Related Disorders ((SARD))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Andrews, G., Stewart, G., Morris-Yates, A., Holt, P., & Henderson, S. (1990). Evidence for a general neurotic syndrome. British Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 6–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barlow, D. H. (2002). Anxiety and its disorders: The nature and treatment of anxiety and panic. New York: The Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Basoglu, M., Marks, I. M., Kiliç, C., Swinson, R. P., Noshirvani, H., Kuch, K., et al. (1994). Relationship of panic, anticipatory anxiety, agoraphobia and global improvement in panic disorder with agoraphobia treated with alprazolam and exposure. British Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 647–652.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bienvenu, O. J., & Stein, M. B. (2003). Personality and anxiety disorders: A review. Journal of Personality Disorders, 17, 139–151.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blanchard, D. C., Blanchard, R. J., Tom, P., & Rodgers, R. J. (1990). Diazepam changes risk assessment in an anxiety/defense test battery. Psychopharmacology (Berl), 101, 511–518.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blanchard, R. J., & Blanchard, D. C. (1990). An ethoexperimental analysis of defense, fear and anxiety. In N. McNaughton & G. Andrews (Eds.), Anxiety (pp. 124–133). Dunedin: Otago University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonson, K. R., & Murphy, D. L. (1995). Alterations in responses to LSD in humans associated with chronic administration of tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors or lithium. Behavioural Brain Research, 73, 229–233.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Broadbear, J. H., Winger, G., & Woods, J. H. (2005). Self-administration of methohexital, midazolam and ethanol: Effects on the pituitary-adrenal axis in rhesus monkeys. Psychopharmacology, 178, 83–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carter, C., Maddock, R., Zoglio, M., Lutrin, C., Jella, S., & Amsterdam, E. (1994). Panic disorder and chest pain: A sztudy of cardiac stress scintigraphy patients. American Journal of Cardiology, 74, 296–298.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cloninger, C. R. (1986). A unified biosocial theory of personality and its role in the development of anxiety states. Psychiatric Developments, 3, 167–226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dantendorfer, K., Amering, M., Baischer, W., Berger, P., Steinberger, K., Windhaber, J., et al. (1995). Is there a pathophysiological and therapeutic link between panic disorder and epilepsy? Acta Psychiatrica Scandanavica, 91, 430–432.

    Google Scholar 

  • Egan, M. F., Wing, L., Li, R., Kirch, D. G., & Wyatt, R. J. (1994). Effects of chronic cocaine treatment on rat brain: Long- term reduction in frontal cortical serotonin. Biological Psychiatry, 36, 637–640.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eysenck, H. J., & Eysenck, S. B. G. (1964). Eysenck Personality Inventory. London: University of London Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fleckenstein, A. E., Gibb, J. W., & Hanson, G. R. (2000). Differential effects of stimulants on monoaminergic transporters: Pharmacological consequences and implications for neurotoxicity. European Journal of Pharmacology, 406, 1–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fontaine, R. (1987). Comparison of withdrawal of buspirone and diazepam: A placebo controlled study. Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 11, 189–197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Franklin, J. A. (1990). Behavioural treatment for panic disorder. In N. McNaughton & G. Andrews (Eds.), Anxiety (pp. 84–91). Dunedin: University of Otago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goisman, R. M., Warshaw, M. G., Steketee, G. S., Fierman, E. J., Rogers, M. P., Goldenberg, I., et al. (1995). DSM-IV and the disappearance of agoraphobia without a history of panic disorder: New data on a controversial diagnosis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 1438–1443.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gray, J. A. (1970). The psychophysiological basis of introversion- extraversion. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 8, 249–266.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gray, J. A. (1982). The Neuropsychology of anxiety: An enquiry in to the functions of the septo-hippocampal system. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, J. A., & McNaughton, N. (2000). The Neuropsychology of anxiety: An enquiry into the functions of the septo-hippocampal system. (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griebel, G., Blanchard, D. C., Jung, A., Lee, J. C., Masuda, C. K., & Blanchard, R. J. (1995). Further evidence that the Mouse Defense Test Battery is useful for screening anxiolytic and panicolytic drugs: Effects of acute and chronic treatment with alprazolam. Neuropharmacology, 34, 1625–1633.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gurguis, G. N. M., Antai-Otong, D., Vo, S. P., Blakeley, J. E., Orsulak, P. J., Petty, F., et al. (1999). Adrenergic receptor function in panic disorder – I. Platelet α2 receptors: Gi protein coupling, effects of imipramine, and relationship to treatment outcome. Neuropsychopharmacology, 20, 162–176.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haefely, W., Facklam, M., Schoch, P., Martin, J. R., Bonetti, E. P., Moreau, J.-L., et al. (1992). Partial agonists of benzodiazepine receptors for the treatment of epilepsy, sleep, and anxiety disorders. In G. Biggio, A. Concas, & E. Costa (Eds.), GABAergic Synaptic Transmission (pp. 379–394). New York: Raven Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harkness, K. L., Monroe, S. M., Simons, A. D., & Thase, M. (1999). The generation of life events in recurrent and non-recurrent depression. Psychological Medicine, 29, 135–144.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heikkinen, M. E., Aro, H. M., Henriksson, M. M., Isometsä, E. T., Sarna, S. J., Kuoppasalmi, K. I., et al. (1994). Differences in recent life events between alcoholic and depressive nonalcoholic suicides. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 18, 1143–1149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holt, P. (1990). Panic disorder: Some historical trends. In N. McNaughton & G. Andrews (Eds.), Anxiety (pp. 54–65). Dunedin: University of Otago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kapczinski, F., Curran, H. V., Gray, J., & Lader, M. (1994). Flumazenil has an anxiolytic effect in simulated stress. Psychopharmacology (Berl), 114, 187–189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kendler, K. S., Neale, M. C., Kessler, R. C., Heath, A. C., & Eaves, L. J. (1992). Major depression and generalized anxiety disorder: Same genes, (partly) different environments? Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 716–722.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kendler, K. S., Thornton, L. M., & Gardner, C. O. (2000). Stressful life events and previous episodes in the etiology of major depression in women: An evaluation of the “kindling” hypothesis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 1243–1251.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klein, D. F. (1995). Recognising panic disorder. European Journal of Psychiatry, 10(Suppl. 2), 61S–63S.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kostowski, W., & Biéeacutenkowski, P. (1999). Discriminative stimulus effects of ethanol: Neuropharmacological characterization. Alcohol, 17, 63–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krueger, R. F., & Tackett, J. L. (2003). Personality and psychopathology: Working toward the bigger picture. Journal of Personality Disorders, 17, 109–128.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lader, M., & Tyrer, P. (1975). Vegetative system and emotion. In L. Levi (Ed.), Emotions: Their parameters and measurement. New York: Raven Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • LeDoux, J. E. (1994). Emotion, memory and the brain. Scientific American, 270, 50–59.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • LeDoux, J. E. (1996). The Emotional Brain. New York: Simon and Schuster.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacDonald, A. B., Baker, J. M., Stewart, S. H., & Skinner, M. (2000). Effects of alcohol on the response to hyperventilation of participants high and low in anxiety sensitivity. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 24, 1656–1665.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Margraf, J., & Ehlers, A. (1990). Biological models of panic disorder and agorophobia: Theory and evidence. In G. D. Burrows, M. Roth, & R. Noyes (Eds.), Handbook of Anxiety (pp. 79–139). Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marks, I. M. (1969). Fears and phobias. London: Heinemann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marks, I. M. (1988). The syndromes of anxious avoidance: Classification of phobic and obsessive-compulsive phenomena. In R. Noyes, Jr., M. Roth, & G. D. Burrows (Eds.), Handbook of Anxiety: Vol. 2. Classification, etiological factors and associated disturbances (pp. 109–146). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKernan, R. M., Rosahl, T. W., Reynolds, D. S., Sur, C., Wafford, K. A., Atack, J. R., et al. (2000). Sedative but not anxiolytic properties of benzodiazepines are mediated by the GABAA receptor a1 subtype. Nature Neuroscience, 3, 587–592.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McNaughton, N. (1985). Chlordiazepoxide and successive discrimination: Different effects on acquisition and performance. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 23, 487–494.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McNaughton, N. (2002). Aminergic transmitter systems. In H. D'haenen, J. A. Den Boer, H. Westenberg, & P. Willner (Eds.), Textbook of Biological Psychiatry (pp. 895–914). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • McNaughton, N., & Coop, C. F. (1991). Neurochemically dissimilar anxiolytic drugs have common effects on hippocampal rhythmic slow activity. Neuropharmacology, 30, 855–863.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McNaughton, N., & Corr, P. J. (2004). A two-dimensional neuropsychology of defense: Fear/anxiety and defensive distance. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 28, 285–305.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McNaughton, N., Panickar, K. S., & Logan, B. (1996). The pituitary-adrenal axis and the different behavioral effects of buspirone and chlordiazepoxide. Pharmacology,Biochemistry and Behavior, 54, 51–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Middleton, H. C., Ashby, M., & Robbins, T. W. (1994). Reduced plasma noradrenaline and abnormal heart rate variability in resting panic disorder patients. Biological Psychiatry, 36, 847–849.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Noyes, R., Jr., Burrows, G. D., Reich, J. H., Judd, F. K., Garvey, M. J., Norman, T. R., et al. (1996). Diazepam versus alprazolam for the treatment of panic disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 57, 349–355.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pirker, S., Schwarzer, C., Wieselthaler, A., Sieghart, W., & Sperk, G. (2005). GABAA receptors: Immunocytochemical distribution of 13 subunits in the adult rat brain. Neuroscience, 101, 815–850.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Randall, P. K., Bremner, J. D., Krystal, J. H., Nagy, L. M., Heninger, G. R., Nicolaou, A. L., et al. (1995). Effects of the benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil in PTSD. Biological Psychiatry, 38, 319–324.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson, D. K., Reynolds, S. M., Cooper, S. J., & Berridge, K. C. (2005). Endogenous opioids are necessary for benzodiazpine palatability enhancement: Naltrexone blocks diazepam-induced increase of sucrose-'liking'. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 81, 657–663.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rickels, K., & Rynn, M. (2002). Pharmacotherapy of generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 63, 9–16.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roy-Byrne, P. (2005). The GABA-benzodiazepine receptor complex: Structure, function and role in anxiety. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 66, 14–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shear, M. K., & Maser, J. D. (1994). Standardized assessment for panic disorder research: A conference report. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, 346–354.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shipley, M. T., Ennis, M., Rizvi, T. A., & Behbehani, M. M. (1991). Topographical specificity of forebrain inputs to the midbrain periaqueductal gray: Evidence for discrete longitudinally organized input columns. In A. Depaulis & R. Bandler (Eds.), The Midbrain Periaqueductal Gray Matter (pp. 417–448). New York: Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spielberger, C. D., Gorusch, R. L., Lushene, R., Vagg, P. R., & Jacobs, G. A. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Form Y). Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stein, D. J., Hollander, E., Mullen, L. S., DeCaria, C. M., & Liebowitz, M. R. (1992). Comparison of clomipramine, alprazolam and placebo in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Human Psychopharmacology, 7, 389–395.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stein, D. J., Vythilingum, B., & Seedat, S. (2004). Pharmacotherapy of phobias. In M. Maj (Ed.), Evidence and Experience in Psychiatry: Vol. 7. Phobias. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, J. C., & Pollack, M. H. (2005). Benzodiazepines in clinical practice: Consideration of their long-term use and alternative agents. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 66, 21–27.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka, M., Yoshida, M., Emoto, H., & Ishii, H. (2000). Noradrenaline systems in the hypothalamus, amygdala and locus coeruleus are involved in the provocation of anxiety: Basic studies. European Journal of Pharmacology, 405, 397–406.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Teicher, M. H. (1988). Biology of anxiety. Medical Clinics of North America, 72, 791–814.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Trimble, M. R. (1990). Benzodiazepines in clinical practice. In D. Wheatley (Ed.), The Anxiolytic Jungle: Where next? (pp. 9–21). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tripp, G., & McNaughton, N. (1987). Naloxone fails to block the effects of chlordiazepoxide on acquisition and performance of successive discrimination. Psychopharmacology, 91, 119–123.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tripp, G., McNaughton, N., & Oei, T. P. S. (1987). Naloxone blocks the effects of chlordiazepoxide on acquisition but not performance of differential reinforcement of low rates of response (DRL). Psychopharmacology, 91, 112–118.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tyrer, P., Seivewright, H., & Johnson, T. (2003). The core elements of neurosis: Mixed anxiety-depression (cothymia) and pesonality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 17, 129–138.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Ree, J. M., Niesink, R. J. M., van Wolfswinkel, L. V., Ramsey, N. F., Kornet, M. W., van Furth, W. R., et al. (2000). Endogenous opioids and reward. European Journal of Pharmacology, 405, 89–101.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Westenberg, H. G. M. (1999). Facing the challenge of social anxiety disorder. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 9, S93–S99.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wheatley, D. (1990). The new alternatives. In D. Wheatley (Ed.), The Anxiolytic Jungle: Where Next? (pp. 163–184). Chichester: John Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, X. O., & McNaughton, N. (1995). Similar effects of buspirone and chlordiazepoxide on a fixed interval schedule with long-term, low-dose administration. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 9, 326–330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Psychology, University of Otago, POB56, Dunedin, New Zealand

    Neil McNaughton

Authors
  1. Neil McNaughton
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada

    Sherry H. Stewart

  2. Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, London SE5 8AF, UK

    Patricia J. Conrod

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

McNaughton, N. (2008). The Neurobiology of Anxiety: Potential for Co-Morbidity of Anxiety and Substance Use Disorders. In: Stewart, S.H., Conrod, P.J. (eds) Anxiety and Substance Use Disorders. Series in Anxiety and Related Disorders. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-74290-8_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation