Abstract
The need to analyze increasingly large panels of biomolecules for biomedical research and clinical diagnostics has greatly stimulated the development of high-throughput screening technologies based on quantum dots. Herein, we describe recent advances in the synthesis of quantum-dot-encoded beads and control of their fluorescence signatures. Compared with commercial beads based on organic fluorophores, they exhibit significant advantages in terms of detection sensitivity, throughput, and photostability. We discuss bioapplications of quantum-dot-encoded beads in ultrasensitive detection and cellular imaging, review future challenges for their development, and highlight their most promising applications in bioanalytics.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
J. Zhang, S. Xu, and E. Kumacheva, Polymer microgels: reactors for semiconductor, metal, and magnetic nanoparticles, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 7908–7914 (2004).
J. Zhang, N. Coombs, E. Kumacheva, Y. Lin, and E. H. Sargent, A new approach to hybrid polymer-metal and polymer-semiconductor particles, Adv. Mater. 14(23)1756–1759 (2002).
J. Zhang, N. Coombs, and E. Kumacheva, A new approach to hybrid nanocomposite materials with periodic structures, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124(49), 14512–14513 (2002).
M. Han, X. Gao, J. Su, and S. Nie, Quantum-dot-tagged microbeads for multiplexed optical coding of biomolecules, Nat. Biotech. 19(7), 631–635(2001).
M. Bradley, N. Bruno, and B. Vincent, Distribution of CdSe quantum dots within swollen polystyrene microgel particles using confocal microscopy, Langmuir 21(7), 2750–2753 (2005).
X. Gao, and S. Nie, Doping mesoporous materials with multicolor quantum dots, J. Phys. Chem. B 107(42), 11575–11578 (2003).
X. Gao, and S. M. Nie, Quantum dot-encoded mesoporous beads with high brightness and uniformity: rapid readout using flow cytometry, Anal. Chem. 76(8), 2406–2410 (2004).
V. Stsiapura, A. Sukhanova, M. Artemyev, M. Pluot, J. H. M. Cohen, A. V. Baranov, V. Oleinikov, and I. Nabiev, Functionalized nanocrystal-tagged fluorescent polymer beads: synthesis, physicochemical characterization, and immunolabeling application, Anal. Biochem. 334(2), 257–265 (2004).
M. Kuang, D. Wang, H. Bao, M. Y. Gao, H. Mohwald, and M. Jiang, Fabrication of multicolor-encoded microspheres by tagging semiconductor nanocrystals to hydrogel spheres, Adv. Mater. 17(3), 267–250 (2005).
Y. Gong, M. Gao, D. Wang, and H. Mohwald, Incorporating fluorescent CdTe nanocrystals into a hydrogel via hydrogen bonding: toward fluorescent microspheres with temperature-responsive properties, Chem. Mater. 17(10), 2648–2653 (2005).
A. Rogach, A. Susha, F. Caruso, G. Sukhorukov, A. Komowski, S. Kershaw, H. Mohwald, A. Eychmuller, and H. Weller, Nano- and microengineering: 3-D colloidal photonic crystals prepared from submicrometer-sized polystyrene latex spheres precoated with luminescent polyelectrolyte/nanocrystal shells , Adv. Mater. 12(5), 333–337 (2000).
N. Gaponik, I. L. Radtchenko, G. B. Sukhorukov, H. Weller, and A. L. Rogach, Toward encoding combinatorial libraries: charge-driven microencapsulation of semiconductor nanocrystals luminescing in the visible and near IR, Adv. Mater. 14(12), 879–882 (2002).
D. Wang, A. L. Rogach, and F. Caruso, Semiconductor quantum dot-labeled microsphere bioconjugates prepared by stepwise self-assembly, Nano. Lett. 2(8), 857–861 (2002).
N. Joumaa, M. Lansalot, A. Theretz, A. Elaissari, A. Sukhanova, M. Artemyev, I. Nabiev, and J. H. M. Cohen, Synthesis of quantum dot-tagged submicrometer polystyrene particles by miniemulsion polymerization , Langmuir 22(4), 1810–1816 (2006).
P. O’Brien, S. S. Cummins, D. Darcy, A. Dearden, O. Masala, N. L. Pickett, S. Ryley, and A. J. Sutherland, Quantum dot-labeled polymer beads by suspension polymerization, Chem. Commun. 3(20), 2532–2533 (2003).
L. Yang, E. C. Y. Liu, N. Pickett, P. J. Skabara, S. S. Cummins, S. Ryley, A. J. Sutherland, and P. O’Brien, Synthesis and characterization of CdS quantum dots in polystyrene microbeads, J. Mater. Chem. 15(12), 1238–1242 (2005).
W. Sheng, S. Kim, J. Lee, S. W. Kim, K. Jensen, and M. G. Bawendi, In-situ encapsulation of quantum dots into polymer microspheres, Langmuir 22(8), 3782–3790 (2006).
Y. Yang, Z. Wen, Y. Dong, and M. Y. Gao, Incorporating CdTe nanocrystals into polystyrene microspheres: towards robust fluorescent beads, Small 7(2), 898–901 (2006).
Y. Chan, J. P. Zimmer, M. Stroh, J. S. Steckel, R. K. Jain, and M. G. Bawendi, Incorporation of luminescent nanocrystals into monodisperse core-shell silica microspheres, Adv. Mater. 16(23–24), 2092–2097 (2004).
A. L. Rogach, D. Nagesha, J W. Ostrander, M. Giersig and N. A. Kotov, "Raisin Bun"-type composite spheres of silica and semiconductor nanocrystals, Chem. Mater. 12(9), 2676–2685 (2000).
S. T. Selvan, T. T. Tan and J. Y. Ying, Robust, non-cytotoxic, silica-coated CdSe quantum dots with efficient photoluminescence, Adv. Mater. 17(13), 1620–1625 (2005).
D. K. Yi, S. T. Selvan, S. S. Lee, G. C. Papaefthymiou, D. Kundaliya, and J. Y. Ying, Silica-coated nanocomposites of magnetic nanoparticles and quantum dots, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127(14), 4990–4991 (2005).
R. F. Ziolo, E. P. Giannelis, B. A. Weinstein, M. P. Ohoro, B. N. Ganguly, V. Mehrotra, M. W. Russell, D. R. Huffman, Matrix-mediated synthesis of nanocrystalline γ-Fe2O3: a new optically transparent magnetic material, Science 257, 219–223 (1992).
Q. Wang, Y. Liu, C. Lin and H. Yan, Layer-by-layer growth of superparamagnetic, fluorescent barcode nanospheres , Nanotechnology 18(40), 405604 (2007).
J. Kim, J. E. Lee, J. Lee, J. H. Yu, B. C. Kim, K. An, Y. Hwang, C. H. Shin, J. Kim, and T. Hyeon, Magnetic fluorescent delivery vehicle using uniform mesoporous silica spheres embedded with monodisperse magnetic and semiconductor nanocrystals, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128(3), 688–689 (2006).
H. Yusuf. W. G. Kim, D. H. Lee, Y. Guo, and M. G. Moffitt, Size control of mesoscale aqueous assemblies of quantum dots and block copolymers, Langmuir 23(2), 868–878 (2007).
J. Yang, S. R. Dave, and X. Gao, Quantum dot nanobarcodes: epitaxial assembly of nanoparticle-polymer complexes in homogeneous solution, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130(15), 5286–5292 (2008).
M. Nirmal, B. O. Dabbousi, M. G. Bawendi, J. J. Macklin, J. K. Trautman, T. D. Harris, and L. E. Brus, Fluorescence intermittency in single cadmium selenide nanocrystals, Nature 383, 802–804 (1996).
S. A. Empedocles and M. G. Bawendi, Quantum-confined stark effect in single CdSe nanocrystallite quantum dots, Science 278, 2114–2117 (1997).
P. S. Eastman, W. Ruan, M. Doctolero, R. Nuttall, G. de Feo, J. S. Park, J. S. F. Chu, P. Cooke, J. W. Gray, S. Li and F. Chen, QD nanobarcodes for multiplexed gene expression analysis, Nano. Lett. 6(5), 1059–1064 (2006).
J. Guo, W. Yang, C. Wang, J. He, and J. Chen, Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-coated luminescent/magnetic silica microspheres: preparation, characterization, and biomedical applications, Chem. Mater. 18(23), 5554–5562 (2006).
M. Stroh, J. P. Zimmer, D. G. Duga, T. S. Levchenko, K. S. Cohen, E. B. Brown, D. T. Scadden, V. P. Torchilin, M. G. Bawendi, D. Fukumura, and R. K. Jain, Quantum dots spectrally distinguish multiple species within the tumor milieu in vivo, Nature Med. 11, 678–682 (2005).
Dynal® Products (online). Available: http://www.invitrogen.com/site/us/en/home/brands/Dynal.html (2008).
Evident Technologies Security Inks (online). Available: http://www.evidenttech.com/applications/security-inks.html (2008).
Luminex xMAP Technology (online). Available: http://www.luminexcorp.com/01_ xMAPTechnology/index.html?&Collapse=115 (2008).
Z. A. Dehqanzada, C. E. Storrer, M. T. Hueman, R. J. Foley, K. A. Harris, Y. H. Jama, C. D. Shriver, S. Ponniah, and G. E. Peoples, Assessing serum cytokine profiles in breast cancer patients receiving a HER2/neu vaccine using Luminex® technology, Oncol. Rep. 17: 687–694 (2007).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Yang, J., Sena, M.P., Gao, X. (2009). Quantum Dot-Encoded Fluorescent Beads for Biodetection and Imaging. In: Reviews in Fluorescence 2007. Reviews in Fluorescence, vol 2007. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-88722-7_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-88722-7_7
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-88721-0
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-88722-7
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)