Abstract
Spain is located in the southwestern region of Europe on the Iberian Peninsula and resides between the countries Portugal and France. The official name of Spain is the Kingdom of Spain or Reino de España.1 Spain’s population density is lower than the majority of European countries, although it is one of the larger countries in terms of size.2 Over 40 million people are estimated to reside within the country. Spain’s population consists of both Mediterranean and Nordic-type ethnic groups, more specifically Basques, Catalans, and Galicians. The official language of the country is Spanish, in which 74% of the population speaks it fluently as their first language; however, Catalan, Galician, and Basque are also spoken.
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Notes
- 1.
Information Please Database, Spain. http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107987.html.
- 2.
US Department of State, Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs (January 2008) – Spain. http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2878.htm.
- 3.
US Central Intelligence Agency, World Factbook – Spain. https://http://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sp.html.
- 4.
Encyclopedia Britannica, Spain. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9108580/Spain.
- 5.
US Central Intelligence Agency, World Factbook – Spain. https://http://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sp.html.
- 6.
US CIA World Factbook, Spain. https://http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/sp.html.
- 7.
Alonso and Reinares (2005).
- 8.
Jimenez (1992).
- 9.
Alvanou (2007).
- 10.
UK Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (2005).
- 11.
Council on Foreign Relations. Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA). http://www.cfr.org/publication/9271/.
- 12.
Haahr (2006).
- 13.
Woodworth (2001); BBC News (1998, July 9). Ex-minister jailed in ‘dirty war’ scandal; BBC News (1998, July 29). Spain’s state sponsored death squads.
- 14.
BBC News (2004, April 28). Timeline: Madrid investigation.
- 15.
For a more in-depth understanding of the March 11, 2004 attacks, see Lieberman & Bucht (2009).
- 16.
Haahr (2006).
- 17.
ABC News: Spain court convicts 20 radicals of terrorism charges. http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/02/27/2174682.htm.
- 18.
International Herald tribune: Terrorism again intrudes as Spain heads to the polls. http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/03/07/europe/spain.php.
- 19.
Haahr-Escolano (2004).
- 20.
Ministerio de Defense de Espana. http://www.mde.es/Home.
- 21.
Ministerio de Defense: Army. http://www.ejercito.mde.es/ingles/inicio.htm.
- 22.
Ministerio de Defense: Armada Espana [Navy]. http://www.armada.mde.es/.
- 23.
Ejército del Aire [Air force]. http://www.ejercitodelaire.mde.es/WebEA/static/ServContenidos?id=home.
- 24.
Ministerio de Defense: Centro National Intelligencia. http://www.cni.es/castellano/index.html.
- 25.
Haahr-Escolano (2004).
- 26.
Ministerio del Interior.http://www.mir.es/.
- 27.
Global Security.org. Civil Guard. http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/world/spain/guard.htm.
- 28.
Ministerio del interior. Guardia Civil. http://www.guardiacivil.org/quesomos/organizacion/operaciones/uespeciales/uei/index.jsp.
- 29.
Ministerio del interior. Guardia Civil, Servicio de Desactivación de Explosivos (SEDEX). http://www.guardiacivil.org/quesomos/organizacion/operaciones/uespeciales/tedax/index.jsp.
- 30.
Ministerio del Interior. http://www.guardiacivil.org/index.jsp.
- 31.
Ministerio del Interior. http://www.guardiacivil.org/index.jsp.
- 32.
US Library of Congress Studies.Spain: National Police Corps. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+es0177).
- 33.
US Library of Congress Studies. Spain: Other Police Forces. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+es0178).
- 34.
The police force from the Basque country.http://www.ertzaintza.net/ingles/html/home.html
- 35.
Policia de la Generalitat de Catalunya. http://www.gencat.net/mossos/
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Haberfeld, M.R., King, J.F., Lieberman, C.A. (2009). The Kingdom of Spain (Rieno de España). In: Terrorism Within Comparative International Context. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-88861-3_6
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