Abstract
It has been suggested that artificial food colorings and other food additives can affect behavior in children. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial demonstrated that artificial coloring or sodium benzoate preservative (or both) in the diet result in increased hyperactivity in 3- and 8/9-year-old children in the general population. However, the mechanisms underlying the relationship between the mixtures (artificial foods and/or sodium benzoate) and hyperactive behaviors are currently unknown. Sodium benzoate is widely used as a preservative, and is also known as a competitive inhibitor of d-amino acid oxidase, which can metabolize d-serine, the endogenous coagonist at the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the brain. Considering the important role of d-serine in neurotransmission via the NMDA receptor, it is likely that alteration of d-serine levels by the consumption of sodium benzoate in children may be one possible explanation for the hyperactivity associated with sodium benzoate preservative. In this chapter, the author discusses the role of d-serine in hyperactivity in children associated with artificial coloring or sodium benzoate preservative (or both).
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Abbreviations
- CBIO:
-
5-chloro-benzo[d]isoxazol-3-ol
- CSF:
-
Cerebrospinal fluid
- DAAO:
-
D-amino acid oxidase
- NMDA:
-
N-methyl-d-aspartate
- SRR:
-
Serine racemase
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This study was supported in part by grants from the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan.
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Hashimoto, K. (2011). Food Coloring, Sodium Benzoate Preservative, and D-serine: Implications for Behavior. In: Preedy, V., Watson, R., Martin, C. (eds) Handbook of Behavior, Food and Nutrition. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92271-3_38
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