Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Intermediary Metabolism

  • Chapter
The Growing Fungus

Abstract

In attempting to review the metabolism of fungi in a concise manner one is confronted with both a plethora and a lack of information. Fungi are a very diverse kingdom of organisms, members of which have been evolving independently for over a billion years with often short generation times. Although their morphology is rather similar, one might expect a metabolic diversity that is at least as significant as the diversity in the animal kingdom. This diversity is reflected in the variety of substrates fungi can metabolize and use as carbon sources as well as in the chemicals they can produce as fermentation products or so-called secondary metabolites. These properties have been exploited in a large number of industrial applications. Growth requirements of others such as VAM-forming fungi or some biotrophic pathogens can be so intricate that it has proven impossible to grow them in culture. A discussion of fungal metabolism therefore has to be restricted to the most important or most general pathways.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Akimenko, V.K., Trutko, S.M., Medentsev, A.G. and Korobov, V.P. (1983) Distribution of cyanide-resistant respiration among yeasts and bacteria and its relation to oversynthesis of metabolites. Archives of Microbiology, 136, 234–11.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • André, L., Nilson, A. and Adler, L. (1988) The role of glycerol in the osmotolerance of the yeast Debaryomyces hansenii. Journal of General Microbiology, 134, 669–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aoki, S. and Ito-Kuwa, S. (1984) The appearance and characterization of cyanide-resistant respiration in the fungus Candida albicans. Microbiology and Immunology, 28, 393–406.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arguelles, J.C. and Gacto, M. (1988) Differential location of regulatory and nonregulatory trehalases in Candida utilis. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 31, 529–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arguelles, J.C., Vicente-Soler, J. and Gacto, M. (1986) Protein phosphorylation and trehalase activation in Candida utilis. FEMS Microbiology Letters 34, 361–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Babel, and Hofmann, K.H. (1981) The conversion of triosephosphate via methylglyoxal, a bypass to the glycolyric sequence in methylotrophic yeasts? FEMS Microbiology Letters, 10, 133–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barel, I., Bignell, G., Simpson, A. and MacDonald, D. (1988) Isolation of a DNA fragment which complements glutamine synthetase deficient strains of S. pombe. Current Genetics, 13, 487–94.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baute, M.A., Baute, R. and Deffieux, G. (1989) Fungal enzymic activity degrading 1,4-α-D-glucans to 1,5-D-anhydrofructose. Phytochemistry, 27, 3401–3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beever, R.E. and Laracy, E.P. (1986) Osmotic adjustment in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. Journal of Bacteriology, 168, 139–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell, W., Klaassen, P., Ohnacker, M. et al. (1992) Characterization of the 56-kDa subunit of yeast trehalose-6-phosphate synthase and cloning of its gene reveal its identity with the product of CIF1, a regulator of carbon catabolite inactivation. European Journal of Biochemistry, 209, 951–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bellina-Agostinone, C., D’Antonio, M. and Pacioni, G. (1987) Odour composition of the summer truffle, Tuber aestivum. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 88, 568–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bellinger, Y. and Larher, F. (1988) A13C comparative nuclear magnetic resonance study of organic solute production and excretion by the yeasts Hansenula anomala and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in saline media. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 34, 605–12.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benjamin, P.M., Wu, J.L., Mitchell, A.P. and Magasanik, B. (1989) Three regulatory systems control expression of glutamine synthetase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae at the level of transcription. Molecular and General Genetics, 217, 370–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berry, D.R. (1975) The environmental control of the physiology of filamentous fungi, in The Filamentous Fungi, Vol. 1, Industrial Mycology, (eds. J.E. Smith and D.R. Berry), Edward Arnold, London, pp. 16–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Biswas, M., Singh, B. and Datta, A. (1979) Induction of N-acetylmannosamine catabolic pathway in yeast. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 585, 535–42.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bloom, B. and Stetten, D. (1953) Pathways of glucose catabolism. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 75, 5446.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boulton, C. A. and Ratledge, C. (1984) The physiology of hydrocarbon utilizing microorganisms, in Topics in Enzyme and Fermentation Biotechnology, Vol. 9, (ed. H. Wiseman), Ellis Horwood, Chichester, pp. 11–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourret, J.A., Flora, L.L. and Carnell, L. (1991) Cyclic AMP regulation of fructose metabolism in germinating Pilobolus longipes spores. Experimental Mycology, 15, 44–54.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bourret, J.A., Flora, L.L. and Ferrer, L.M. (1989) Trehalose mobilization during early germination of Pilobolus longipes sporangiospores. Experimental Mycology, 13, 140–48.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braus, G.H. (1991) Aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae; a model system for the regulation of a eukaryotic biosynthetic pathway. Microbiological Reviews, 55, 349–70.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burlini, N., Morandi, S., Pellegrini, R. et al. (1989) Studies on the degradative mechanism of phosphoenol-pyruvate carboxykinase from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1014, 153–61.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Busto, F., de Arriaga, D. and Soler, J. (1984) The kinetic mechanism of pyruvate reduction of lactate dehydrogenase from Phycomyces blakesleeanus. International Journal of Biochemistry, 16, 171–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Calderon, J., Martinez, L.M. and Mora, J. (1990) Isolation and characterisation of a Neurospora crassa mutant altered in the alfa polypeptide of glutamine synthetase. Journal of Bacteriology, 172, 4996–5000.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Calderon, J., Morett, E. and Mora, J. (1985) ω-amidase pathway in the degradation of glutamine in Neurospora crassa. Journal of Bacteriology, 161, 807–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Calvo-Mendez, C., Martinez-Pacheco, M. and Ruiz-Herrera, J. (1987) Regulation of ornithine decarboxylase activity in Mucor bacilliformis and Mucor rouxii. Experimental Mycology, 11, 270–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Calvo-Mendez, C. and Ruiz-Herrera, J. (1991) Regulation of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase during the germination of sporangiospores of Mucor rouxii. Journal of General Microbiology, 137, 307–14.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cano, C., Herrera-Estrella, L. and Ruiz-Herrera, J. (1988) DNA methylation and polyamines in regulation of development of the fungus Mucor rouxii. Journal of Bacteriology, 170, 5946–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cano-Canchola, C., Escamilla, E. and Ruiz-Herrera, J. (1988) Environmental control of the respiratory system in the dimorphic fungus Mucor rouxii. Journal of General Microbiology, 134, 2993–3000.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Casselton, P.J. (1976) Anaplerotic pathways, in The Filamentous Fungi, Vol. 2, Biosynthesis and metabolism, (eds. J.E. Smith and D.R. Berry), Edward Arnold, London, pp. 121–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castro, I.M. and Loureiro-Dias, M.C. (1991) Glycerol utilization in Fusarium oxysporum var. lini: regulation of transport and metabolism. Journal of General Microbiology 137, 1497–502.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caubet, R., Guerin, B., and Guerin, M. (1988) Comparative studies on the glycolytic and hexose monophosphate pathways in Candida parapsilosis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Archives of Microbiology, 149, 324–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chilvers, G.A., Lapeyrie, F.F. and Douglass, P.A. (1985) A contrast between oomycetes and other taxa of mycelial fungi in regard to metachromatic granule formation. New Phytologist, 99, 203–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chopra, A. and Khuller, G.K. (1984) Lipid metabolism in fungi. Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 11, 209–50.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christensen, R.L. and Schmit, J.C. (1980) Regulation of glutamic acid decarboxylase during Neurospora crassa conidial germination. Journal of Bacteriology, 144, 983–90.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christiansen, K. (1978) Triacylglycerol synthesis in lipid particles from baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 530, 78–90.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cochrane, V.W. (1976) Glycolysis, in The Filamentous Fungi, Vol. 2, Biosynthesis and metabolism, (eds. J.E. Smith and D.R. Berry), Edward Arnold, London, pp. 65–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coffey, M.D. and Ouimette, D.G. (1989) Phosphonates: antifungal compopunds against Oomycetes, in Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulphur Utilization by Fungi, (eds. L. Boddy, R. Marchant and D.J. Read), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 107–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Colonna, W.J. and Magee, P.T. (1978) Glycogenolytic enzymes in sporulating yeasts. Journal of Bacteriology, 134, 844–53.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coulter, P.B. and Aronson, J.M. (1977) Glycogen and other soluble glucans from Chytridiomycete and Oomycete species. Archives of Microbiology, 115, 317–22.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, E.A. (1960) Hexokinase from Aspergillus parasiticus. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 235, 23–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, R.H. (1986) Compartmental and regulatory mechanisms in the arginine pathways of Neurospora crassa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiological Reviews, 50, 280–313.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Arriaga, D., Busto, F., Del Valle, P. and Soler, J. (1989) A kinetic study of the pH effect on the allosteric properties of pyruvate kinase from Phycomyces blakesleeanus. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 998, 221–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Delvalle, J.A. and Assensio, C. (1978) Distribution of adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent hexose kinases in microorganisms. BioSystems, 10, 265–82.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Devchand, M.R. and Kapoor, M. (1987) Some aspects of the regulation of pyruvate kinase levels in Neurospora crassa. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 33, 322–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dighton, J. and Boddy, L. (1989) Role of fungi in nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur cycling in temperate forest ecosystems, in Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulphur Utilization by Fungi, (eds L. Boddy, L. Marchant and D.J. Read), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 269–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dijkema, C. and Visser, J. (1987) 13C-NMR analysis of Aspergillus mutants disturbed in pyruvate metabolism. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 931, 311–19.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dumbrava, V.A. and Pall, M.L. (1987) Regulation of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate levels in Neurospora crassa. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 925, 210–17.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dunn-Coleman, N.S., Smarelli, J. Jr. and Garrett, R.H. (1984) Nitrate assimilation in eukaryotic cells. International Review of Cytology, 92, 1–50.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elskens, M.T., Jaspers, C.J. and Penninckx, M.J. (1991) Glutathione as an endogenous sulphur source in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Journal of General Microbiology, 137, 637–44.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elzainy, T.A., Hassan, M.M. and Allam, A.M. (1973) New pathway of non-phosphorylated degradation of gluconate by Aspergillus niger. Journal of Bacteriology, 114, 457–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Folch, J.L., Antaramian, A., Rodriguez, L. et al. (1989) Isolation and characterisation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant with impaired glutamate synthase activity. Journal of Bacteriology, 171, 6776–81.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • François, J. and Hers, H. (1988) The control of glycogen metabolism in yeast II. A kinetic study of the two forms of glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase and an investigation of their interconversion in a cell-free extract. European Journal of Biochemistry, 174, 561–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • François, J., Neves, M.J. and Hers, H.G. (1991) The control of trehalose biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: evidence for a catabolite inactivation and repression of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase. Yeast, 7, 575–87.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • François, J., Van Schaftingen, E. and Hers, H. (1984) The mechanism by which glucose increases fructose 2, 6-bisphosphate concentration in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A cyclic AMP-dependent activation of phosphofructokinase-2. European journal of Biochemistry, 145, 187–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • François, J., Van Schaftingen, E. and Hers, H. (1988a) Characterization of phosphofructokinase 2 and of the enzymes involved in the degradation of fructose 2, 6-bisphosphate in yeast. European journal of Biochemistry, 171, 599–608.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • François, J., Villanueva, M.E. and Hers, H. (1988b) The control of glycogen metabolism in yeast. I. Interconversion in vivo of glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase induced by glucose, a nitrogen source or uncouplers. European journal of Biochemistry, 174, 551–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frederick, G.D. and Kinsey, J.A. (1990) Nucleotide sequence and nuclear protein binding of the two regulatory sequences upstream of the am (GDH) gene in Neurospora. Molecular and General Genetics, 221, 148–54.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fukui, S. and Tanaka, A. (1979) Yeast peroxisomes. Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 4, 246–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fukui, S. and Tanaka, A. (1981) Metabolism of alkanes by yeast. Advances in Biochemical Engineering, 19, 217–37.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fulco, A.J. (1967) Chain-elongation, 2-hydroxylation and decarboxylation of long chain fatty acids by yeast. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 242, 3608–14.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gadd, G.M. (1988) Carbon nutrition and metabolism, in Physiology of Industrial Fungi, (ed D.R. Berry), Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 21–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gadd, G.M and Edwards, S.W. (1981) Changes in the cytochrome levels during growth of the yeast-like fungus Aureobasidium pullulans. Current Microbiology, 6, 161–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galons, J.P., Tanida, I., Ohya, Y. et al. (1990) A multinuclear magnetic resonance study of a cls11 mutant showing the Pet-phenotype of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. European Journal of Biochemistry, 193, 111–19.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gancedo, J.M., Mazon, M.J. and Gancedo, C. (1983) Fructose 2, 6-bisphosphate activates the cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of yeast fructose 1, 6-bisphosphatase in vitro. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 258, 5998–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia, I.J., Nicolas, G. and Valle, T. (1991) Effect of difluoromethylornithine on growth, cell size and germination of Ceratocystis ulmi spores. Plant Science, 77, 131–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, J.M. (1985) Dihydroxyacetone synthase is an abundant constituent of the methanol-induced peroxisome of Candida boidinii. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 260, 7108–13.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Griffin, W.M. and Cooney, J.J. (1979) Degradation of model recalcitrant hydrocarbons by microorganisms from freshwater ecosystems. Development in Industrial Microbiology, 20, 479–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guignard, R. and Brody, S. (1983) Conidium formation and germination in Neurospora crassa: glutamic acid metabolism. Experimental Mycology, 7, 133–40.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gunterova, A. and Gallon, J. (1979) Pleurotus ostratus: a nitrogen fixing fungus? Biochemical Society Transactions, 7, 1293–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guthmann, M., Pastori, R. and Moreno, S. (1990) Polyamines and basic proteins stimulate activation by cAMP and catalytic activity of Mucor rouxii cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Cellular Signalling, 2, 395–402.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hammond, J.B.W. (1985) The biochemistry of Agaricus fructification, in Developmental Biology of the Higher Fungi, (eds. D. Moore, L.A. Casselton, D.A. Wood and J.C. Frankland), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 389–401

    Google Scholar 

  • Harold, F.M. (1966) Inorganic polyphosphates in biology: structure, metabolism, and function. Bacteriological Reviews, 30, 772–94.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hartman, R.E. and Keen, N.T. (1974) The phopsphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase of Verticillium albo-atrum. Journal of General Microbiology, 81, 21–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hawkins, A.R., Gurr, S.J., Montague, P. and Kinghorn, J.R. (1989) Nucleotide sequence and regulation of expression of the Aspergillus nidulans gdhA gene encoding NADP dependent glutamate dehydrogenase. Molecular and General Genetics, 218, 105–11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hecker, L.I. and Sussman, A.S. (1973) Localization of trehalase in the ascospores of Neurospora. Journal of Bacteriology, 115, 592–9

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Held, G. and Goldman, M. (1986) Pathways of glucose catabolism in the smut fungus Ustilago violacea. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 32, 56–61.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henry, M.F. and Nyns, E.J. (1975) Cyanide insensitive respiration. An alternative mitochondrial pathway. Sub-Cellular Biochemistry, 4, 1–65.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hilgenberg, W., Burke, P.V., and Sandmann, G. (1987) Metabolic pathways, in Phycomyces, (eds. E. Cerda-Olmedo and E.D. Lipson), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, pp. 155–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hohn, T.M. and Paznokas, J.L. (1987) Purification and properties of two isozymes of pyruvate kinase from Mucor racemosus. Journal of Bacteriology, 169, 3525–30.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, A.R., Collings, A., Farnden, K.J.F. and Shepherd, M.G. (1989) Ammonium assimilation by Candida albicans and other yeasts: evidence for activity of glutamate synthase. Journal of General Microbiology, 135, 1423–30.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holms, W.H. (1987) Control of flux through the citric acid cycle and the glyoxylate bypass in Escherichia coli. Biochemical Society Symposia, 5, 17–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holzer, H.J. (1989) Proteolytic catabolite inactivation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Revisiones Sobre Biologia Cellular, 21, 305–19.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hult, K. and Gatenbeck, S. (1978) Production of NADPH in the mannitol cycle and its relation to polyketide formation in Alternaria alternala. European Journal of Biochemistry, 88, 607–12.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hult, K., Veide, A. and Gatenbeck, S. (1980) The distribution of the NADPH regenerating mannitol cycle among fungal species. Archives of Microbiology, 128, 253–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hummelt, G. and Mora, J. (1980) Regulation and function of glutamate synthase in Neurospora crassa. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 96, 1688–94.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hütter, R. and De Moss, J.A. (1967) Organization of the tryptophan pathway: a phylogenetic study of the fungi. Journal of Bacteriology, 94, 1896–907.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Inderlied, C.B., Peters, J. and Cihlar, R.L. (1985) Mucor racemosus, in Fungal dimorphism (ed. P.S. Szanislo), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 337–59

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ingraham, J.L. and Emerson, R. (1954) Studies on the nutrition and metabolism of the aquatic phycomycete Allomyces. American Journal of Botany, 14, 146–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Inoue, H. and Shimoda, C. (1981) Changes in trehalose content and trehalase activity during spore germination in fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Archives of Microbiology, 129, 19–22.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jakubowski, H. (1986) Sporulation of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is accompanied by synthesis of adenosine 5′ tetraphosphate and adenosine 5′ pentaphosphate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 83, 2378–82.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jennings, D.H. (1984) Polyol metabolism in fungi. Advances in Microbial Physiology, 25, 149–93.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jennings, D.H. and Burke, R.M. (1990) Compatible solutes — the mycological dimension and their role as physiological buffering agents. New Phytologist, 114, 277–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, R., Parkinson, S.M., Wainwright, M. and Kilham, K. (1991) Oxidation of thiosulphate by Fusarium oxysporum grown under oligotrophic conditions. Mycological Research, 95, 1169–74.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kalisz, H.M., Moore, D. and Wood, D.A. (1986) Protein utilization by basidiomycete fungi. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 86, 519–25.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Katayama-Hirayama, K., Tobita, S. and Hirayama, K. (1991) Degradation of phenol by yeast Rhodotorula. Journal of General and Applied Microbiology, 37, 147–56.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Katz, J. and Rognstad, R. (1967) The labeling of pentose phosphate from glucose-14C and estimation of the rates of transaldolase, transketolase, the contribution of the pentose cycle, and ribose phosphate synthesis. Biochemistry, 6, 2227–47.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kawamoto, S., Nozaki, C., Tanaka, A. and Fukui, S. (1978) Fatty acid β-oxidation system in microbodies of n-alkane grown Candida tropicalis. European Journal of Biochemistry, 83, 609–15.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keller, F., Schellenberg, M. and Wiemken, A. (1982) Localization of trehalase in vacuoles and of trehalose in the cytosol of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Archives of Microbiology, 131, 298–301.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kopperschläger, G., Bär, J., Nissler, K. and Hofmann, E. (1977) Physicochemical parameters and subunit composition of yeast phosphofructokinase. European Journal of Biochemistry, 81, 317–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kostyukovsky, V.A., Okunev, O.N. and Tarakanov, B. V. (1991) Description of two anaerobic fungal strains from the bovine rumen and influence of diet on the fungal population in vivo. Journal of General Microbiology, 137, 1759–64.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krause, D.R., Wood, C.J. and MacLean, D.J. (1991) Glucoamylases (exo-1, 4-α-D-glucan glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.3) is the major starch degrading enzyme secreted by the phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporides. Journal of General Microbiology, 137, 2463–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kubicek, C.P. (1988) Regulatory aspects of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in filamentous fungi. A review. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 90, 339–49.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kubicek-Pranz, E.M., Mozelt, M., Rohr, M. et al. (1990) Changes in the concentration of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in Aspergillus niger during stimulation of acidogenesis by elevated sucrose concentrations. Biochimica et Biophysica Ada, 1033, 250–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhad, R.C., Rosin, I.V. and Moore, D. (1987) A possible relation between cyclic AMP levels and glycogen mobilization in Coprinus cinereus. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 88, 229–36.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kulaev, I.S. (1975) Biochemistry of inorganic polyphosphates. Reviews of Physiological Biochemistry and Pharmacology, 73, 131–58.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kusnan, M.B., Klug, K. and Fock, H.P. (1989) Ammonia assimilation by Aspergillus nidulans: (15N) ammonia study. Journal of General Microbiology, 135, 729–38.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuswandi, C. and Roberts, C.F. (1992) Genetic control of the protocatechuic acid pathway in Aspergillus nidulans. Journal of General Microbiology, 138, 817–23.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lagos, R. and Ureta, T. (1980) The hexokinases from the wild type and morphological mutant strains of Neurospora crassa. European Journal of Biochemistry, 104, 357–65

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laties, G.G. (1982) The cyanide resistant alternative path in higher plant respiration. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 33, 519–55.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lejohn, H.B. (1971) Enzyme regulation, lysine pathways and cell wall structures as indicators of major lines of evolution in fungi. Nature, 231, 164–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lejohn, H.B. (1983) L-Glutamine alteration of gene expression, not of polyphosphate and calcium metabolism, is a key event in arresting fungal sporulation. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 61, 262–23.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lewin, A.S., Hines, V. and Small, G.M. (1990) Citrate synthase encoded by the CIT2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is peroxisomal. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 10, 1399–405.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, D.H. (1991) Fungi and sugars-a suite of interactions. Mycological Research, 95, 897–904.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Londesborough, J. and Vuorio, O. (1991) Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase/phosphatase complex from bakers’ yeast: purification of a proteolytically activated form. Journal of General Microbiology, 137, 323–30.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lopez-Boado, Y.S., Herrero, P., Fernandez, T., Fernandez, R. and Moreno, F. (1988) Glucose stimulated phosphorylation of yeast isocitrate lyase in vivo. Journal of General Microbiology, 134, 2499–505.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, F., Canet, D. and Marchal, J.P. (1985) 13C Nuclear magnetic resonance study of mannitol cycle and trehalose synthesis during glucose utilization by the ectomycorrhizal Ascomycete Cenococcum graniforme. Plant Physiology, 77, 499–502.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martinez-Pacheco, M., Rodriguez, G., Reyna, G., Calvo-Mendez, C. and Ruiz-Herrera, J. (1989) Inhibition of the yeast-mycelial transition and the morphogenesis of mucorales by diamino-butanone. Archives of Microbiology, 151, 10–14.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marzluf, G.A. (1981) Regulation of nitrogen metabolism and gene expression in fungi. Microbiological Reviews, 45, 437–61.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maxwell, D.P., Maxwell, M.D., Hänssler, G. et al. (1975) Microbodies and glyoxylate-cycle enzyme activities in filamentous fungi. Planta, 124, 109–23.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCraken, L.D. and Gong, C. (1983) D-Xylose metabolism by mutant strains of Candida sp. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, 27, 33–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McInnis, T. and Domnas, A. (1973) The properties of trehalase from the mosquito parasitizing water mold Lagenidium species. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 22, 313–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meixner-Monori, B., Kubicek, C.P. and Röhr, M. (1984) Pyruvate kinase from Aspergillus niger: a regulatory enzyme in glycolysis? Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 30, 16–22.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meixner-Monori, B., Kubicek, C.P., Habison, A. et al. (1985) Presence and regulation of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger. Journal of Bacteriology, 161, 265–71.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Midgley, M. (1993) Carnitine acetyltransferase is absent from acuJ mutants of Aspergillus nidulans. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 108, 7–10.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Millbank, J.W. (1969) Nitrogen fixation in moulds and yeasts — a reappraisal. Archiv für Mikrobiologie, 68, 32–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, S.M. and Magasanik, B. (1990) Role of NAD-linked glutamate dehydrogenase in nitrogen metabolism in Saccharotnyces cerevisiae. Journal of Bacteriology, 172, 4927–35.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mittenbühler, K. and Holzer, H. (1991) Characterization of different forms of trehalase in the secretory pathway. Archives of Microbiology, 155, 217–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, P.A., Sagliocco, F.A., Wood, R.M.C. and Brown, A.W.P. (1991) Yeast glycolytic mRNA’s are differentially regulated. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 11, 5330–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morris, N., Ainsworth, S. and Kinderlerer, J. (1984) The regulatory properties of yeast pyruvate kinase. Biochemical Journal, 217, 641–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Müller, J., Westenberg, B., Boiler, T. and Wiemken, A. (1992). Synthesis and degradation of polyphosphate in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe: mutations in phosphatase genes do not affect polyphosphate metabolism. FEMS Microbiology letters, 92, 151–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nisbet, B.A. and Slaughter, J.C. (1980) Glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamate synthase from the yeast K. fragilis: variability in occurrence and properties. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 7, 319–21.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Connell, B.T. and Paznokas, J.L. (1980) Glyoxylate cycle in Mucor racemosus. Journal of Bacteriology, 143, 416–21.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Okamoto, P.M., Fu, Y.H. and Marzluf, A. (1991) Nit-3, the structural gene of nitrate reductase in Neurospora crassa: nucleotide sequence and regulation of mRNA synthesis and turnover. Molecular and General Genetics, 227, 213–23.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orlowski, M. (1991) Mucor dimorphism. Microbiological Reviews, 55, 234–58.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Panek, A.C., Araujo, P.S., Moura-Neto, V. and Panek, A.D. (1987) Regulation of the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Current Genetics, 11, 459–65.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Panek, A.C., Araujo, P.S., Poppe, S.C. and Panek, A.D. (1990) On the determination of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase in Saccharomyces. Biochemistry International, 21, 695–704.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Park, W.S., Murphy, P.A. and Glatz, B.A. (1991). Evidence of peroxisomes and peroxisomal enzymes activities in the oleaginous yeast Apiotrichum curvatum. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 37, 361–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parkinson, S.A., Jones, K., Mehang, A.A. et al. (1991) The quantity and fate of carbon assimilated from 14CO2 by Fusarium oxysporum grown under oligotrophic and near oligotrophic conditions. Mycological Research, 95, 1345–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Passeron, S. and Roselino, E. (1971) A new form of pyruvate kinase in mycelium of Mucor rouxii. FEBS Letters, 18, 9–12.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pateman, J.A. and Kinghorn, J.R. (1975) Nitrogen metabolism, in The Filamentous Fungi, Vol. 2 Biosynthesis and metabolism, (eds. J.E. Smith and D.R. Berry), Edward Arnold, London, pp. 159–238.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peters, J. and Sypherd, P.S. (1979) Morphology associated expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dependent glutamate dehydrogenase in Mucor racemosus. Journal of Bacteriology, 137, 1134–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pfyffer, G.E. and Rast, D.M. (1980) The polyol pattern of some fungi not hitherto investigated for sugar alcohols. Experimental Mycology, 4, 160–70.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pfyffer, G.E., Boraschi-Gaia, C., Weber, B. et al. (1990) A further report on the occurrence of acyclic sugar alcohols in fungi. Mycological Research, 94, 219–22.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pitt, D. and Mosley, M.J. (1985a) Pathways of glucose catabolism and the origin and metabolism of pyruvate during calcium induced conidiation of Penicillium notatum. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 51, 365–84.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pitt, D. and Mosley, M.J. (1985b) Enzymes of gluconate metabolism and glycolysis in Penicillium notatum. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 51, 353–64.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plankert, U., Purwin, C. and Holzer, H. (1988) Characterization of yeast fructose-2,6-bisphosphate 6-phosphatase. FEBS Letters, 239, 69–72.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pohlig, G., Wingender-Drissen, R., Noda, T. and Holzer, H. (1983) Cyclic AMP and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate stimulated in vitro phosphorylation of yeast fructose-l,6-bisphosphatase. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 115, 317–24.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Polnish, E. and Hofmann, K. (1989) Cyclic AMP, fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and catabolite inactivation of enzymes in the hydrocarbon assimilating yeast Candida maltosa. Archives of Microbiology, 152, 269–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramstedt, M., Niehaus, W.G. and Söderhall, K. (1986) Mannitol metabolism in the mycorrhizal fungus Piloderma croceum. Experimental Mycology, 10, 9–18.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramstedt, M., Jirjis, R. and Söderhall, K. (1987) Metabolism of mannitol in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal fungi. New Phytologist, 105, 281–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rast, D.M. and Pfyffer, G.E. (1989) Acyclic polyols and higher taxa of fungi. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 99, 39–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ratledge, C. and Holdsworth, J.E. (1985) Properties of a pentulose-5-phosphate phosphoketolase from yeast grown on xylose. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 22, 217–21.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rose, A.H. (1989) Transport and metabolism of sulphur dioxide in yeasts and filamentous fungi, in Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulphur Utilization by Fungi, (eds. L. Boddy, R. Marchant and D.J. Read), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 59–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rua, J., De Arriaga, D., Busto, F. and Soler, J. (1990a) Effect of glucose on isocitrate lyase in Phycomyces blakesleeanus. Journal of Bacteriology, 171, 6391–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rua, J., De Arriaga, D., Busto, F. and Soler, J. (1990b) Isocitrate lyase from Phycomyces blakesleeanus. The role of Mg2+ ions, kinetics and evidence for two classes of modifiable thiol groups. Biochemical Journal, 272, 359–67.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruiz-Herrera, J. and Calvo-Mendez, C. (1987) Effect of ornithine decarboxylase inhibitors on the germination of sporangiospores of Mucorales. Experimental Mycology, 11, 287–96.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salminen, S.O. and Streeter, J.G. (1986) Enzymes of α, α-trehalose metabolism in soybean nodules. Plant Physiology, 81, 538–41.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sandmann, G. and Hilgenberg, W. (1978) Phosphoenolpyruvatcarboxykinase aus Phycomyces blakesleeanus Bgff. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung, 33c, 667–70.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sariaslani, F.S. (1991) Microbial cytochromes P-450 and xenobiotic metabolism. Advances in Applied Microbiology, 36, 133–78.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Savov, V.A., Kuyumdzieva, A., Atev, A.P. and Panaiotov, H.A. (1986) Influence of nitrogen limitation on the activity of certain nitrogen metabolic enzymes in the Aspergillus niger A3 strain. Doklady Bolgarskoi Akademii Nauk, 39, 101–3.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwitzguebel, J.P., Möller, I.M. and Palmer, J.M. (1981) Changes in density of mitochondria and glyoxysomes from Neurospora crassa: a reevaluation utilizing silica sol gradient centrifugation. Journal of General Microbiology, 126, 289–95.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shapira, R., Altman, A., Henis, Y. and Chet, I. (1989) Polyamines and ornithine decarboxylase activity during growth and differentiation in Sclerotium rolfsii. Journal of General Microbiology, 135, 1361–7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shepherd, M.G., Ghazali, H.M. and Sullivan, P.A. (1980) N-acetyl D-glucosamine kinase and germ tube formation in Candida albicans. Experimental Mycology, 4, 147–59.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shoun, H., Kim, D., Uchiyama, H. and Sugiyama, J. (1992) Denitrification by fungi. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 94, 277–82.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, M., Scrutton, N.S. and Scrutton, M.C. (1988) NADPH-generation in Aspergillus nidulans: is the mannitol cycle involved? Journal of General Microbiology, 134, 643–54.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singhania, S., Satyanarayana, T. and Rajam, M.V. (1991) Polyamines of thermophilic moulds: distribution and effect of polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors on growth. Mycological Research, 95, 915–17.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Slaughter, J.C. (1988) Nitrogen metabolism, in Physiology of Industrial Fungi, (ed. D.R. Berry), Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 58–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Slaughter, J.C. (1989) Sulphur compunds in fungi, in Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulphur Utilization by Fungi, (eds. L. Boddy, R. Marchant and D.J. Read), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 91–106

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, T.A., Barker, J.H.A. and Jung, M. (1990) Growth inhibition of Botrytis cinerea by compounds interfering with polyamine metabolism. Journal of General Microbiology, 136, 985–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soberon, M., Olamendi, J., Rodriguez, L. and Gonzalez, A. (1989) Role of glutamine aminotransferase in glutamine catabolism by Saccharomyces cerevisiae under microaerophylic conditions. Journal of General Microbiology, 135, 2693–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stachelek, C., Stachelek, J., Swan, J. el al. (1986) Identification, cloning and sequence determination of the genes specifying hexokinase A and B from yeast. Nucleic Acids Research, 14, 945–63.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, L. and Stevens, E. (1981) Regulation of ornithine decarboxylase activity during the germination of conidia of Aspergillus nidulans. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 11, 229–32.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, L. and Winter, M.D. (1979) Spermine, spermidine and putrescine in fungal development. Advances in Microbial Physiology, 19, 63–148.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, L., Duncan, D. and Robertson, P. (1989) Purification and characterisation of NAD-glutamate dehydrogenase from Aspergillus nidulans. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 48, 173–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, G.R. and Moore, D. (1971) Factors affecting the level and activity of pyruvate kinase from Coprinus lagopus sensu Buller. Journal of General Microbiology, 66, 361–70.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sypherd, P.S., Borgia, P.T. and Paznokas, J.L. (1978) Biochemistry of dimorphism in the fungus Mucor. Advances in Microbial Physiology, 18, 67–104.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tabor, C.W. and Tabor, H. (1985) Polyamines in microorganisms. Microbiological Reviews, 49, 81–99.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tellez-Inon, M.T. and Torres, H.N. (1970) Interconvertible forms of glycogen phosphorylase in Neurospora crassa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 66, 459–63.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teunissen, M.J., Op Den Camp, H.J.M., Orpin, C.G. et al. (1991) Comparison of growth characteristics of anaerobic fungi isolated from ruminant and non-ruminant herbivores during cultivation in a defined medium, journal of General Microbiology, 137, 1401–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thayumanavan, B. (1980) Nitrogen fixation by the fungus Pleurotus sajor-caju (Ft) Singer. Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 17, 75–7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thevelein, J.M. (1984) Regulation of trehalose mobilization in fungi. Microbiological Reviews, 48, 42–59.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tomsett, A.B. (1989) The genetics and biochemistry of nitrate assimilation in ascomycete fungi, in Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulphur Utilization by Fungi, (eds. L. Boddy, R. Marchant and D.J. Read), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 33–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toyoda, Y. and Sy, J. (1984) Purification and phosphorylation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase from Kluyveromyces fragilis. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 259, 8718–23.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsai, C.S., Mitton, K.P. and Johnson, B.F. (1989) Acetate assimilation by the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 67, 464–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uchiyama, H., Ando, M., Toyonaka, Y. and Tabuchi, T. (1982) Subcellular localization of the methylcitric-arid-cycle enzymes in propionate metabolism of Yarrowia lipolytica. European journal of Biochemistry, 125, 523–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ueda, S. (1981) Fungal glucoamylases and raw starch digestion. Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 6, 89–90.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ueda, M., Tanaka, A. and Fukui, S. (1982) Peroxisomal and mitochondrial carnitine acetyltransferase in alkane-grown yeast Candida tropicalis. European Journal of Biochemistry, 124, 205–10.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uno, I. Matsumoto, K., Adachi, K. and Ishikawa, T. (1983) Genetic and biochemical evidence that trehalase is a substrate for cAMP-dependent protein kinase in yeast. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 258, 10867–72.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uyeda, K. (1979) Phosphofructokinase. Advances in Enzymology and Related Areas of Molecular Biology, 48, 193–244.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vandercammen, A., François, J. and Hers, H. (1989a) Characterisation of trehalose 6-phosphate synthase and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. European Journal of Biochemistry, 132, 613–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vandercammen, A., François, J.M., Torres, B.B. et al., (1989b) Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and carbohydrate metabolism during the life cycle of the aquatic fungus Blastocladiella emersonii. Journal of General Microbiology, 136, 137–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Dijken, J.P. and Scheffers, W.A. (1986) Redox balances in the metabolism of sugars by yeasts. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 32, 199–224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Laere, A.J. (1986) Biochemistry of spore germination in Phycomyces. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 32, 189–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Laere, A.J. (1988) Purification and properties of NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase from Phycomyces spores. Journal of General Microbiology, 134, 1597–601.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Laere, A.J. (1989) Trehalose, reserve and/or stress metabolite? FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 63, 201–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Laere, A.J. and Carlier, A.R. (1974) Compartmentation and respiration pathways in Avena coleoptile segments. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenphysiology, 71, 163–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Laere, A.J. and Hulsmans, E. (1987) Water potential, glycerol synthesis, and water content of germinating Phycomyces spores. Archives of Microbiology, 147, 257–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Laere, A.J. and Joosen, H. (1991) Properties of phosphofructokinase 1 from Pythium ultimum and Agaricus bisporus and comparison with other fungal phosphofructokinases 1. Experimental Mycology, 15, 223–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Laere, A.J., Van Assche, J.A. and Furch, B. (1987) The sporangiospore: dormancy and germination, in Phycomyces, (eds. E. Cerda-Olmedo and E. Lipson), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, pp. 247–79

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Schaftingen, E. (1986) Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. Advances in Enzymology and Related Areas of Molecular Biology, 59, 315–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Schaftingen, E. and Van Laere, A.J. (1985) Glycerol formation and the breaking of dormancy of Phycomyces blakesleeanus spores. Role of an interconvertible glycerol-3-phosphatase. European Journal of Biochemistry, 148, 399–404.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Veenhuis, M. and Harder, W. (1989) Occurrence, proliferation and metabolic function of yeast microbodies. Yeast, 5, S517–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Veenhuis, M., van der Klei, I.J., Titorenko, V. and Harder, W. (1992) Hansenula polymorpha: an attractive organism for molecular studies of peroxisome biogenesis and function. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 100, 393–404.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vicente-Soler, J., Arguelles, J.C. and Gacto, M. (1989) Presence of two trehalose-6-phosphate synthase enzymes in Candida utilis. FEMS Microbiology Letters 61, 273–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vierula, P.J. and Kapoor, M. (1987) Antibiotic induced derepresssion of the NAD-specific glutamate dehydrogenase of Neurospora crassa. Journal of Bacteriology, 169, 5022–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vierula, P.J. and Kapoor, M. (1989) NAD-specific glutamate dehydrogenase of Neurospora crassa. cDNA cloning and gene expression during derepression. Journal of Biological Chemistry 264, 1108–14.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vogel, H.J. (1965) Lysine biosynthesis and evolution, in Evolving Genes and Proteins, (eds. V. Brysen and H.J. Vogel), Academic Press, New York, pp. 25–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wainwright, M. (1988) Metabolic diversity of fungi in relation to growth and mineral cycling in soil — a review. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 90, 159–70.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wainwright, M. (1989) Inorganic sulphur oxidation by fungi, in Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulphur Utilization by Fungi, (eds. L. Boddy, R. Marchant and D.J. Read), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 73–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, J.D. and Cooney, J.J. (1973) Pathway of n-alkane oxidation in Cladosporium resinae. Journal of Bacteriology, 115, 635–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, C.H. (1972) Radiorespirometric methods, in Methods in Microbiology, Vol 6B, (eds. J.R. Norris and D.W. Ribbons), Academic Press, New York, pp. 185–230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weete, J.D. (1980) Lipid Biochemistry of Fungi and Other Organisms. Plenum, New York.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Whittaker, R.H. and Margulis, L. (1978) Protist classification and the kingdoms of organisms. BioSystems 10, 3–18.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wiemken, A. (1990) Trehalose in yeast, stress protectant rather than reserve carbohydrate. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 58, 209–17.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilcock, M.J., McDougall, B.M. and Seviour, RJ. (1992) Enzymes involved in ammonia assimilation in the fungus Acremonium persicinum. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 97, 67–72.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, AJ. and Bhattacharjee, J.K. (1986) Regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and pyruvate kinase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown in the presence of glycolytic and gluconeogenic carbon sources and the role of mitochondrial function on gluconeogenesis. Canadian journal of Microbiology, 32, 969–72.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wood, H.G. and Clark, J.E. (1988) Biological aspects of inorganic polyphosphates. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 57, 235–60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, J.M., Gulliver, W.P., Michalski, C.J. and Boyle, S.M. (1982) Ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamine content during zoospore germination and hormone-induced sexual differentiation of Achlya ambisexualis. Journal of General Microbiology, 128, 1509–15.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yagi, T., Nogami, A. and Nishi, T. (1992) Salt tolerance and glycerol accumulation of a respiration-deficient mutant isolated from the petite-negative, salt-tolerant yeast Zygosaccharomyces rouxii. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 92, 289–93.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yeung, M.C. and Kapoor, M. (1983) A study of the properties of pyruvate kinase isolated from a mutant of Neurospora crassa: a comparison with the parental enzyme. International journal of Biochemistry, 15, 523–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida, M., Murai, T. and Moriya, S. (1984) 13C-NMR spectra of plant pathogenic fungi. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 48, 909–14.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman, A.L.S., Terenzi, H.F. and Jorge, J. A. (1990) Purification and properties of an extracellular conidial trehalase from Humicola grisea var. Thermoidea. Biochimica et Biophysica Ada, 1036, 41–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory for Developmental Biology, Botany Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kardinaal Mercierlaan 92, B 3001, Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium

    A. Van Laere

Authors
  1. A. Van Laere
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK

    Neil A. R. Gow

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK

    Geoffrey M. Gadd

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1995 Neil A.R. Gow and Geoffrey M. Gadd

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Van Laere, A. (1995). Intermediary Metabolism. In: Gow, N.A.R., Gadd, G.M. (eds) The Growing Fungus. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-585-27576-5_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-585-27576-5_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-412-46600-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-585-27576-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation