Abstract
The conflict between generations is part of contemporary common sense, though it is usually described as a phenomenon of every historical period. Yet there is a sense in which the particularity of youth culture in the 1980s is acknowledged, though usually in negative terms; the aggressiveness, violence, challenge in that sub- or counter-culture is what is generally emphasised, especially in the mass media. The consequent debate centres often around concepts of ‘respect’, ‘discipline’ or ‘order’ — as if ‘today’s youth’ had suffered some corruption, a negative influence which had hitherto been kept at bay. The causes and explanations revert in general to simple psychological categories, or to ill-defined references to the lack of structural restraints in contemporary society, an excess of sexual or personal freedom and an idealisation of the tighter family structures of the past.
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Notes to Section IV
Tofiq
See Statistical Centre of Iran, Population Growth Survey of Iran, Final Report 1973–6, serial no. 777 (June 1978).
See Thomas Frejka, The Future of Population Growth (New York: Wiley, 1973).
Statistical Centre of Iran, National Census of Population and Housing (Nov. 1976) (based on a 5 per cent sample).
M. Halbwachs, La mémoire collective (Paris: PUF, 1950).
For a brief account of Mujahidini Khalq, see E. Abrahamian, ‘The guerrilla movement in Iran 1963–77’, in MERIP Reports, no. 86, March/April 1980, pp. 8–12. See also Muzigirihayi Siyasi (Teheran, 1979); and Didqahhayi Mujahidini Khalq dar Bariyi Qanuni Asasi (Teheran, 1979).
For a history of the Tudeh party, see S. Zabih, The Communist Movement in Iran (Berkeley, 1966); and for a more recent account,
Fred Halliday, Iran: Dictatorship and Development (New York, 1979) pp. 227–35; also ‘Tudeh’s Kianurion on Embassy takeover: an interview with the first secretary of the Tudeh party’, in MERIP Reports, no. 86, March/April 1980, pp. 24–5.
Ribes
On this subject, see G. Luce, Le temps des corps, rhythmes biologiques et stress social (Paris: Hachette, 1972); and the abundant bibliography of works in English given in
V. Geis, Life Strategies, Human Evolution, Environmental Design (Springer Verlag, 1978).
These themes are at the heart of the work of H. Laborit, notably in Biologie et structure (Paris: Gallimard, 1968) and
L’homme et la ville (Paris: Gallimard, 1971).
See M. White Riley, ‘Age, changement social et pouvoir des Idées’, in Daedalus, special number on ‘Les générations’, no. 4, vol. 7, 1978.
On this subject, the best documented study to our knowledge is Simmons, The Role of the Aged in Primitive Society (Yale University Press, 1945).
On inter-generational relations within the family, see L. Roussel, La famille après le mariage des enfants (Paris, 1976); and
A. Pitrou, Vivre sans famille (Paris, 1978).
Cf. R. Lenoir, ‘L’invention du troisieme age’, in Aetes de la recherche en sciences sociales, no. 26–7, March/April 1979, pp. 73–4.
See E. R. Schumacher’s comments on the influence of the economic in Small is Beautiful (French trans., Paris, 1978) p. 42.
Quoted in A. Gras, Sociologie des ruptures (Paris, 1979) p. 87.
F. Mentre, Les générations sociales (Paris, 1929) p. 452.
I have borrowed the term ‘the logic of living’ from F. Jacob, La logique du vivant (Paris, 1970).
M. Halbwachs, La mémoire collective (Paris, 1970).
Ibid, pp. 78–9.
J. Duvignaud, Le Don du Rien (Paris, 1977) p. 28.
Ibid, p. 300.
J. Freund, ‘Observations sur deux catégories de la dynamique polomogéne, De la crise au conflict’, in Communications, no. 25, 1976, pp. 107 and 109.
Torregrosa Peris
Peter Berger, ‘Identity as a problem in the sociology of knowledge’ in European Journal of Sociology, vol. VII, 1965, p. 106.
U. Bronfenbrenner, ‘A theoretical perspective for research on human development’, in P. Dreitzel (ed.), Childhood and Socialisation (New York: Macmillan, 1973) pp. 337–8.
E. H. Erikson, ‘Identity and the life cycle’, in Psychological Issues, vol. 1, no. 1, 1959, p. 111.
E. H. Erikson, Infancia y sociedad (Childhood and Society) (Paidos, Buenos Aires, 1959) p. 212.
Ibid, p. 212.
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Gonzalez, M., del Urbano, S.C., Mesa, R. (1984). Youth, Sex, Family: The Quest for New Life Units. In: Gonzalez, M., del Urbano, S.C., Mesa, R. (eds) Economy and Society in the Transformation of the World. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07247-7_7
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