Skip to main content
  • 13 Accesses

Abstract

Various advocacy movements for people with learning difficulties have been developed in Britain over the last twenty years. The 1960s and 1970s were an unparalleled time of social unrest in the United Kingdom and America. They created a climate of self-determination, self-direction, assertion of specific interests and an active announcement of the need for the rights to citizenship to be acknowledged (Rhoades et al. 1986). The slogan ‘power to the people’ emerged as a true reflection of the energy of this era. For many minority groups, including people with learning difficulties, an outcry was made for social reform.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Reference

  • Audit Commission (1989). Developing community care for adults with a mental handicap. Occasional Paper, 9 October. HMSO, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barker, I. & Peck, E. (1990). Snakes and ladders. Insight, 9 May, 20–1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blanch, R. (1985). Citizen advocacy. Nursing Mirror. 3 April.

    Google Scholar 

  • Booth, T. (1990). Better lives: Changing services for people with learning difficulties. Social Services Monographs: Research in practice. CCETSW, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandon, D. (1990a). Gentle teaching. Nursing Times. 86 (2), 62–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandon, D. (1990b). Editorial comments. Community Living. April.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brechin, A. & Swain, J. (1987). Changing relationships. Shared action planning with people with mental handicap. Harper & Row, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brechin, A. & Swain, J. (1988). Professional/client relationships: Creating a working alliance with people with learning difficulties. Disability, Handicap and Society. 3 March.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carle, N. (1984). Key concepts in the community based services. CMH Publications, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Department of Health (1989). Caring for people. Community care in the next decade and beyond. HMSO, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • DHSS (1971). Better services for the mentally handicapped. HMSO, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dowson, S. (1990a). Keeping it safe. Self-advocacy by people with learning difficulties and the professional response. Challenge to consensus. Values into Action, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dowson, S. (1990b). Why not let self-advocacy spreak for itself? Community Living. 9 October.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hadley, J. (1988). Speaking for one and all. Community Care. 27 September, 145–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman, S. (1984). Friendship coping systems and community adjustment of mildly retarded adults.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cited in Rhoades et al. (1986) Rehabilitation Literature. 47 (1–2), 2–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • King’s Fund (1985). Advocacy and people with long term disabilities. A report of a conference held at the King’s Fund Centre. King Edward’s Hospital Fund for London.

    Google Scholar 

  • King’s Fund (1988). Ties and connections: An ordinary community life for people with learning difficulties. King Edward’s Hospital Fund for London.

    Google Scholar 

  • McMillan, I. (1991). Dorrell pledges RNMHs will not be discarded. Nursing Times. 3 July. 87 (27), 7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliver, M. (1990). The politics of disablement. Macmillan Education Ltd, Basingstoke.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • PSSRU (1990). Lessons from a demonstration programme Care in the Community. 9 May PSSRU, University of Kent.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhoades, C., Browning, P. & Thorn, E. (1986). Self help advocacy movement: A promised peer support system for people with mental disability. Rehabilitation Literature. 47 (1–2), 2–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, C. (1978). Carl Rogers on personal power. Constable, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowe, N. (1990). A sense of pride. Community Living. April.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, J. & Thomas, P. (1980). The politics of mental handicap. Penguin, Harmondsworth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sang, B. & O’Brien, J. (1984). Advocacy: the UK and American experience. King’s Fund project paper 51. King Edward’s Hospital Fund for London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shearer, A. (1986). Building communities. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shoultz, B. (1985). Making it work through self-advocacy CMH Newsletter. 40 (Spring), 9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sines, D. (ed.) (1988). Towards integration: Comprehensive services for people with mental handicaps. Harper & Row, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, J. (1986). Mental handicap: Partnership in the community. Office of Health Economics/Mencap, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations (1971). Declaration of rights of mentally retarded persons. General Assembly Resolution 2856 ( XXVI).

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, P. & Shoultz, B. (1982). We can speak for ourselves. Souvenir, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolfensberger, W. (1972). The principle of normalisation in human services. National Institute of Mental Retardation, Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolfensberger, W. (1977). A multi-component advocacy and protection schema. Canadian Association of Mental Retardation, Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolfensberger, W. (1988). Social role valorisation: A proposed new term for the principle of normalisation. Mental Retardation. 35 (6), 234–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolfensberger, W. & Zauha, H. (1973). Citizen advocacy. National Institute of Mental Retardation, Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 1993 The contributors

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Young, J. (1993). Advocacy. In: Brigden, P., Todd, M. (eds) Concepts in community care for people with a learning difficulty. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12863-1_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12863-1_5

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-333-57246-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-349-12863-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics