Abstract
By 1890 Argentine politicians followed well-established patterns. The elites who managed national and provincial governments inherited from their predecessors systems of power and patronage and techniques of electoral persuasion. Individuals entered government service to enhance family fortunes and position. A family’s success in serving both clients and patrons shaped its political and economic fortunes. After independence, the native elite broke into competing factions on both the national and provincial levels. While maintaining their traditional view of power and patronage, the elite parties developed new techniques and adapted old ones—influence peddling, vote tampering, intimidation, and violence—to ensure their power within a new electoral system. As long as economic opportunity and access to wealth remained restricted, these methods effectively limited access to political power.1
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For example see: James R. Scobie, Argentina: A City and A Nation, second edition (New York: Oxford University Press, 1971); Karen Remmer, Party Competition in Argentina and Chile, Political Recruitment and Public Policy, 1890–1930 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1984); David Rock, Argentina, 1516–1982 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985); Carlos Melo R, “Los partidos politicas argentinos entre 1862 y 1930,” in Academia National de la Historia, Historia Argentina Contemporánea vol II: 82–91; José Luis Imaz, Los que mandan (Buenos Aires: Editorial Universitaria de Buenos Aires, 1964); José Luis Romero, Las ideas politícas en Argentina (Buenos Aires: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1946); Jonathan C. Brown, “The Bondage of Old Habits in Nineteenth Century Argentina,” Latin American Research Review 21:2 (1986): 3–31; Richard Graham, Patronage and Politics in Nineteenth-Century Brazil (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990).
Lucio Funes, Gobernadores de Mendoza, (La oligarquía) primera parte (Mendoza: Best Hermanos, 1942); Pedro Santos Martinez, (editor) Historia de Mendoza (Buenos Aires: Plus Ultra, 1979); José Luis Masini Calderon, Mendoza hace de tien años (Buenos Aires: Ediciones Teoría, 1967); Agustin Alvarez, Breve historia de la provincia de Mendoza (Buenos Aires: Talleres de Publicaciones, 1910); Natalio Bontana, El orden conservador; la política argentina entre 1880 y 1916 (Buenos Aires: Sudamericana, 1916).
William Fleming, “Regional Development and Transportation in Argentina: Mendoza and the Gran Oeste Railroad, 1885–1914,” Ph.D. dissertation (Indiana University, 1976); Joan E. Supplee, “Provincial Elites and the Economic Transformation of Mendoza, Argentina, 1880–1914,” Ph.D. dissertation (University of Texas, 1988); George Heaps-Nelson, “Argentine Provincial Politics in an Era of Expanding Electoral Participation: Buenos Aires and Mendoza, 1906–1918,” Ph.D. dissertation (University of Florida, 1975).
Pedro Santos Martínez, “Vísperas y Repercusiones del 90 en Mendoza,” in reprint of Boletin de la Academia National de la Historia XLI (Buenos Aires, 1968): 15–22; Funes, Gobernadores de Mendoza, primera parte, 354–361. República Argentina, Archivo General de la Nación Collection Miguel Juárez Celman, Legajos, 161–164.
Lucio Funes, Gobernadores de Mendoza (La oligarqia), segunda parte (Mendoza 1951): 36; Ramona del Valle Herrera, “Desde Caseros hasta el fines del siglo XIX,” in Historia de Mendoza, Santos Martínez ed. 152–153; Los Andes, tien años de la vida mendocina (Mendoza, 1983): 28–29.
Information concerning wages can be found in Los Andes during the period and in Mendoza Province, Memoria descriptiva y estadística de la provincia de Mendoza (Mendoza, 1893): 97–105; for more information on Lencinas’s connection with the working class see Dardo Olguín, Dos políticos, dos políticas (Mendoza, 1956); Celso Rodrígues, Lencinas y Cantoni (Buenos Aires: Editorial Belgrano, 1979); Dardo Olguíon, “Los Lencinas: los gauchos de Mendoza,” in Los caudillos de este siglo, ed. Félix Luna (Buenos Aires: Todo es Historia, 1976), 1–54; Pablo Lacoste, La Unión Cívica Radical en Mendoza y en la Argentina 1890–1946 (Mendoza: Ediciones Culturales de Mendoza, 1994).
Paul Yves Denis, “San Rafael: La ciudad y su region,” Boletín de estudios geográficos 16 (1969): 263.
Supplee, “Provincial Elites,” 126–127; La Prensa, 22, 28, 29 October, 27 December 1906; Donald Peck, “Argentine Politics and the Province of Mendoza, 1890–1916,” Ph.D. dissertation (Oxford, 1977): 86–87; Funes, Gobernadores de Mendoza, segunda parte, 110.
For more detail on the relationship between Civit and Figueroa Alcorta see: Donald Peck, “Argentine Politics and the Province of Mendoza, 1890–1916,” Ph.D. dissertation (Oxford, 1977): 95–97, 135–138.
La Prensa, 30 October; 5, 8 November, 28 December 1907; Funes, Gobernadores de Mendoza, segunda parte, 114; Ana María Mateu de Pedrini, “Emilio Civit y el progreso de Mendoza,” Revista de la junta de estudios históricos Epoca II, 10 (1984): 223.
Supplee, “Provincial Elites,” 126–127; La Prensa, 22 October 1906; 29 October 1906; 27 December 1906; Donald Peck, “Argentine Politics and the Province of Mendoza, 1890–1906,” Ph.D. dissertation (Oxford, 1977): 86–87; Funes, Gobernadores de Mendoza, segunda parte, 110.
George Heaps-Nelson thought that the number of men under arms was far higher. See Heaps-Nelson, “Emilio Civit and the Politics of Mendoza,” in John F. Bratzel and Daniel M. Masterson, The Underside of Latin American History (East Lansing, Michigan: 1977), 14; Funes, Gobernadores de Mendoza, egunda parte, 110; Los Andes, 12 October 1906, 21, 23, 24, 27 February 1906.
La Prensa, 22 April 1911; Decreto 27, setiembre 1911; Decreto 9, noviembre 1911 noted as documents 50 and 51 in Marta Páramo de Isleño, Magdalena Alonso de Crocco, and Adolfo Cueto, “Aporte documental para una historia de irrigatión del sur de mendocino,” Revista de historia de América y Argentina X (1978–1980): 81; Peck, “Argentinian Politics,” 149; Mendoza Province, ROM 1910, II: 50; Argentine Republic, Ministerio de Agricultura de la Nación, Junta Reguladora de Vinos, Recompilatión de leyes, decretos y disposiciones sobre la industria vitivíncola (Buenos Aires, 1941): 459–463.
For more information on the Lencinas phenomenon in Mendoza, see: Dardo Olguin, Dos políticos, dos partidos. Emilio Civity José Nestor Lencinas (Mendoza: 1956); Celso Rodríguez, Lencinas y Cantoni: El populismo cuyano en tiempos de Yrigoyen (Buenos Aires: Editorial Belgrano, 1979).
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© 2000 James P. Brennan and Ofelia Pianetto
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Supplee, J. (2000). Water, Guns, and Money: The Art of Political Persuasion in Mendoza (1890–1912). In: Brennan, J.P., Pianetto, O. (eds) Region and Nation: Politics, Economics, and Society in Twentieth-Century Argentina. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-62844-5_2
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