Abstract
Argentina’s sugar industry has its origins in the country’s northwest in the seventeenth century, but it was only in the final third of the nineteenth century when it grew to such an extent that it quickly became the economic engine of that region. The industry’s development in this regional context is a complex one, and it is impossible to understand the history of this important economic sector of the Argentine interior without taking into account the social, economic, and political changes that caused the development of the sugar industry.1 This chapter offers a new analysis of the industry’s history in the province of Jujuy from these multiple perspectives, highlighting similarities and differences with the industry’s history in other parts of the country.
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Notes
On the history of the sugar industry in the Argentine north, see Donna Guy, Política azucarera argentina: Tucumán y la generatión del 80 (Tucumán: Ed. Fundación Banco Comercial del Norte, 1981); Marcos Giménez Zapiola, “El interior argentino y el desarrollo hacia afuera: el caso de Tucumán,” El Régimen oligárquico (Buenos Ares: Amorrotu, 1975); Jorge Balán, “Una cuestión regional en Argentina: burguesías provinciales y mercado nacional en el desarrollo agroex-portador,” Desarrollo Económico, 18: 69 (1978); and Daniel Santamaria, Azúcar y sociedad en el Noroeste argentino (Buenos Ares: Ed. del IDES, 1986).
G. Araoz, Navegación del Río Bermejo y viajes al Gran Chaco (Buenos Aires: Ed. Imp. Europa, 1884).
Francisco Clunie, “La comunicación fluvial entre el Chaco Occidental y el Río Paraguay. Navegación del Bermejo por los Srs. Leach,” Boletín del Instituto Geográfico Argentino, XX, (1899).
Juan de Borja, Album biográfico e histórico de Jujuy (Jujuy: Imp. del Colegio, 1934) p. 88.
Luis Rodríguez, La Argentina en 1908 (Buenos Aires: 1908), p. 222.
Rutledge demonstrated that the Patrón Costas family, one of the most powerful aristocratic families of the Argentine northwest, acquired great amounts of land in the highlands of the Puna in Salta and Jujuy for purposes of ensuring themselves the potential labor force they needed. The peasant was obliged to pay his lease through labor services, participating in the annual sugar harvest. The author claims to be uncertain that all the Salta-Jujuy ingenios adopted such a strategy but believes it was one of the most common means by which the integration of the highland peasantry into the labor market of the sugar economy was attained. See Ian Rutledge, Cambio agrario e integratión. El desarrollo del capitalismo en Jujuy 1550–1960 (Tucumán: ECIRA, 1987), p. 187; and Kenneth Duncan and Ian Rutledge, eds., La tierra y la mono de obra en América Latina (México: Fondo de Cultura Económica) p. 242.
Roberto Pucci, “La élite azucarera y la formatión del sector cañero en Tucumán (1880–1920),” in Conflictos y procesos de la Historia Argentina Contemporánea, 37 (Buenos Aires: CEAL, 1989).
See Manuel Moreno Fraginals, La historia como arma y otros estudios sobre esclavos, ingenios y plantaciones (Barcelona: Crítica, 1983); Peter Klarén, “Las consecuencias sociales y económicas de la modernizatión de la industria azucarera peruana, 1870–1930”; Peter Eisenberg, “Las consecuencias de la modernizatión para las plantaciones azucareras en Brasil en el siglo XIX”; and Jaime Reis, “Del Bangué a la usina: aspectos sociales de la modernizatión de la industria azucarera de Pernambuco, Brasil 1850–1920,” all in K. Duncan and I. Rutledge, eds., La tierra y la mano de obra en América Latina.
Pierre Denis, La valoraciàn del pais. La República Argentina 1920 (Buenos Aires: Ed. Solar, 1987).
This question has been previously studied in Viviana Conti, Marcelo Lagos, and Ana Lagos, “Mano de obra indígena en los ingenios de Jujuy a principios de siglo,” in Conflictos y procesos en la historia argentina contempordnea 17 (Buenos Aires: CEAL, 1988) and “Conformatión del mercado laboral en la etapa de despegue de los ingenios azucareros jujeños (1880–1920) in Estudios sobre la historia de la industria azucarera, ed. Daniel Campi (Tucumán: UNT-UNJ, 1992).
Scott Witherford, Workers from the North Plantations, Bolivian Labor and the City in Northwest Argentina (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1981); Gabriela Karasik, El control de la mano de obra en un ingenio azucarero. El caso de Ledesma (Pcia de Jujuy) (Jujuy: ECIRA, 1988).
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© 2000 James P. Brennan and Ofelia Pianetto
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Lagos, M. (2000). The Organization of Jujuy’s Sugar Ingenios in a Regional Context (1870–1940). In: Brennan, J.P., Pianetto, O. (eds) Region and Nation: Politics, Economics, and Society in Twentieth-Century Argentina. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-62844-5_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-62844-5_4
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