As societies around the world grow ever more diverse with respect to ethnic, cultural, and religious backgrounds of their members, a common civic identity becomes the tie that holds them together in democratic polities. Civic identity is not to be confounded with national citizenship, which is based on the place of a person’s birth (jus soli) or derived from the citizenship of one’s parents (jus sanguinis), respectively acquired by people without a birthright to national citizenship through naturalization. By contrast to such a legal construct of citizenship, civic identity emanates from the commitment that members of society make to commonly accepted values and virtues. From a legal standpoint, one can distinguish between the status of citizens and other residents, mostly with respect to the right to vote and to be elected to certain offices. Civic identity, however, has to be acquired by both categories of residents in a dynamic process of personal development if it should become the glue that holds political communities together.
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Wagner, A. (2009). Citizenship and Education in Post-industrial Societies. In: The Welfare State in Post-Industrial Society. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0066-1_11
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