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A Profile of Auditory Forebrain Connections and Circuits

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The Auditory Cortex

Abstract

Establishing rules for auditory information processing requires knowledge of the physiology of the neurons, their connections, and of how local circuits shape signals. When available, as in the cochlear nucleus (Cant and Benson 2003), such profiles underlie plausible models of receptive field (RF) genesis (Davis and Young 2000), serial information transfer (Smith et al. 1993), and feature detection (Nelken 2002). Progress in this endeavor in the medial geniculate body (MGB) and auditory cortex (AC) since 1990 is the subject of this review, and it is prerequisite to understanding how auditory thalamic (Senatorov and Hu 2002), cortical (de Ribaupierre 1997; Rouiller and Welker 2000), and subcortical sites (Winer 2006) interact. A second theme is the function of massive, focal, and precise corticocortical (Lee and Winer 2005) and corticofugal (Winer 2006) projections. The emerging picture of multiple ascending and descending pathways with intricate convergence and divergence patterns (Smith and Spirou 2002) and robust interneuronal substrates for modulation (Huang et al. 1999) is at odds with more serial models of information flow (Brandner and Redies 1990). Each section summarizes views prevailing circa 1990, then assesses subsequent studies in cat, rodents, bats, and primates.

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Abbreviations

AA:

amygdala, anterior nucleus

AAF:

anterior auditory field

ABm:

basomedial nucleus of the amygdala

ACe:

central nucleus of the amygdala

AD:

anterior part of the DCN

AES:

anterior ectosylvian area

aes:

anterior ectosylvian sulcus

AI:

primary auditory cortex

AlP:

anterolateral periolivary nucleus

APt:

anterior pretectum

AII:

second auditory cortex

AM:

anterior medial nucleus

AV:

anterior ventral thalamic nucleus

AV:

anteroventral cochlear nucleus

Ava:

anteroventral cochlear nucleus, anterior part

BB:

broadband

BM:

amygdala, basomedial nucleus

BIC:

brachium of the inferior colliculus

BI:

amygdala, basolateral nucleus

C:

caudal or C layer of the lateral geniculate body

Ca:

caudate nucleus

CBM:

cerebellum

CC:

caudal cortex of the inferior colliculus

CC:

corpus callosum

CF,CF-CF:

constant frequency cortical area

CF:

characteristic frequency

Cl:

claustrum

DF:

dorsal fringe auditory cortical area

DI–DIV:

layers of dorsal cortex of inferior colliculus

DM:

dorsomedial auditory cortical area

CG:

central gray

CIC:

commissure of the inferior colliculus

CM:

central medial nucleus

CM:

central medial/caudomedial auditory cortical area

CN:

central nucleus of the inferior colliculus

cNB:

central narrowband module in AI

CP:

cerebral peduncle

Cu:

cuneiform nucleus

D:

dorsal nucleus of the MGB or dorsal

d1–d4:

narrowband modules in AI

DD:

deep dorsal nucleus of the MGB

DC:

dorsal cortex of the inferior colliculus

DCa:

caudal pole of the inferior colliculus

DCN:

dorsal cochlear nucleus

DF:

dorsal cochlear nucleus, fusiform cell layer

DL:

dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus

DlP:

dorsolateral periolivary nucleus

DM:

dorsal cochlear nucleus, molecular layer

DmP:

dorsomedial periolivary nucleus

DP:

dorsoposterior auditory area of cat

DS:

dorsal superficial nucleus of the MGB

DSCF:

Doppler-shifted constant frequency region

DZ:

dorsal auditory zone

ED:

posterior ectosylvian gyrus, dorsal part

EE:

excitatory-excitatory binaural interaction

EI:

posterior ectosylvian gyrus, intermediate part or excitatory-inhibitory binaural interaction

En:

entopeduncular nucleus

EP:

posterior ectosylvian gyrus

EV:

posterior ectosylvian gyrus, ventral part

EW:

Edinger-Westphal nucleus

FF:

fields of Forel

FM:

frequency modulated

FM-FM:

frequency-modulated auditory cortical area

FM1-FM:

first harmonic frequency-modulated auditory cortical area

FM1-FM2 :

first harmonic, second harmonic frequency-modulated auditory cortical area

FM1-FM3 :

first harmonic, third harmonic frequency-modulated auditory cortical area

FM1-FM4 :

first harmonic, fourth harmonic frequency-modulated auditory cortical area

GP:

globus pallidus

Ha:

habenula

Hip:

hippocampus

HiT:

habenulointerpeduncular tract

IC:

inferior colliculus

ICa:

internal capsule

IcT:

intercollicular tegmentum

IL:

intermediate nucleus of the lateral lemniscus

In:

insular cortex

IlN:

intralaminar thalamic nuclei

Int:

thalamic intralaminar nuclei

IT:

intercollicular tegmentum

La:

lateral nucleus of the amygdala

LC:

lateral cortex of the inferior colliculus

LD:

lateral dorsal nucleus

LGB,LGBd:

lateral geniculate body, dorsal part

LGBv:

lateral geniculate body, ventral part

LM:

lateral medial nucleus

LMN:

lateral mesencephalic nucleus

LN:

lateral nucleus of the inferior colliculus

LP:

lateral posterior nucleus

LS:

lateral superior olive

LT:

lateral nucleus of the trapezoid body

M:

medial division of the MGB

MCP:

middle cerebellar peduncle

MGB:

medial geniculate body

ML:

medial lemniscus

MLF:

medial longitudinal fasciculus

MR:

mesencephalic reticular formation

MRF:

mesencephalic reticular formation

MS:

medial superior olive

MT:

medial nucleus of the trapezoid body

Mv:

medioventral thalamic nucleus

MZ:

marginal zone of MGB

NB:

narrowband

NBIC:

nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus

NRTP:

reticular tegmental nucleus of the pons

OT:

optic tract

OR:

optic radiation

Ov:

pars ovoidea of the ventral division of the MGB

P:

posterior auditory field

PC:

posterior commissure

Pd:

posterodorsal division of the DCN

PeN:

periolivary nuclei

PHy:

posterior hypothalamus

PL:

posterior limitans nucleus

PL:

posterior lateral auditory area of bushbaby

PLSS:

posterior lateral suprasylvian area

Pl:

paralemniscal zone

PN:

pontine nuclei

Pol:

rostral pole of the MGB

Pom:

medial part of the posterior group

Pt:

pretectum

Pu:

pulvinar nucleus

Pv:

posteroventral cochlear nucleus

PvO:

posteroventral cochlear nucleus, octopus cell layer

Py:

pyramidal tract

R:

rostral

R:

rostral auditory area of squirrel or monkey

Ra:

raphe

RF:

reticular formation

Rh:

rhomboid nucleus

RL:

rostral lateral auditory are in monkey

RN:

red nucleus

RP:

rostral pole nucleus of the inferior colliculus or MGB

Sa:

nucleus sagulum

SC:

superior colliculus

SCP:

superior cerebellar peduncle

SCPX:

decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle

SF:

suprasylvian fringe area

SF/daz:

suprasylvian fringe/dorsal auditory zone

SGS:

superficial gray layer of superior colliculus

SGi:

intermediate gray layer of superior colliculus

SGP:

deep layer of superior colliculus

Sg:

suprageniculate nucleus

Sgl/Sl:

suprageniculate nucleus, lateral part

Sgm/S:

suprageniculate nucleus, medial part

SN:

substantia nigra

SNc:

substantia nigra, pars compacta

SNL:

substantia nigra, pars lateralis

SNR,SNr:

substantia nigra, pars reticulata

Spf:

subparafascicular nucleus

SpN:

suprapeduncular nucleus

TA:

temporal auditory area of squirrel

TE1:

primary auditory cortex of rat

TE2:

second auditory cortex of rat

TE3:

third auditory cortex of rat

Te:

temporal cortex

TL:

lateral nucleus of the trapezoid body

TM:

medial nucleus of the trapezoid body

TRN:

thalamic reticular nucleus

Tr:

trochlear nerve

TV:

ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body

V:

pars lateralis of the ventral division or ventral or ventral auditory area

VA:

ventroanterior auditory cortical area

Vb:

ventrobasal complex

Ve:

ventral auditory area

VF:

ventral fringe auditory cortical area

VL:

ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus

VLa:

ventral lateral thalamic nucleus

Vl:

ventrolateral nucleus of the MGB

VM:

ventral medial thalamic nucleus

Vm:

mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal

VmP:

ventromedial periolivary nucleus

VP:

ventral posterior auditory area

Vpl:

ventral posterolateral nucleus

Vpm:

ventral posteromedial nucleus

VT:

ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body

wm:

white matter

ZI:

zona incerta

I-IV:

layers of the dorsal cortex of the inferior colliculus

I-VI:

layers of cerebral cortex

α:

layer IVCα in primary visual cortex

β:

layer IVCβ in primary visual cortex

c:

layer IVc in primary visual cortex

35/36:

perirhinal cortex

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Acknowledgment

Thanks to Christoph E. Schreiner for helpful comments. This work was supported by United States Public Health Service grant R01 DC02319-26.

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    Jeffery A. Winer

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    Jeffery A. Winer

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    Christoph E. Schreiner

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Winer, J.A. (2011). A Profile of Auditory Forebrain Connections and Circuits. In: Winer, J., Schreiner, C. (eds) The Auditory Cortex. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0074-6_2

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