Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to describe the methodologies applied in this study and to discuss other methods that are also applied in virtual-water studies. Within the virtual-water literature, the general approach is based on calculations of the virtual-water content of products in order to estimate the water footprint (WF) of a sector or economy. However, the examples found in the literature show certain differences with respect to the general approach (Hoekstra 2003). It is therefore essential to clarify the place and period under consideration, as well as the point of measurement and the method for attributing water inputs at different production levels in the production supply chain (Hoekstra 2003).
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Notes
- 1.
Virtual-water content of industrial products is expressed in m3/€.
- 2.
Trade in industrial products is expressed in Euros.
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Garrido, A., Llamas, M.R., Varela-Ortega, C., Novo, P., Rodríguez-Casado, R., Aldaya, M.M. (2010). Methodological Approaches. In: Water Footprint and Virtual Water Trade in Spain. Natural Resource Management and Policy, vol 35. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5741-2_3
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