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Social Disability and Impairment in Childhood Anxiety

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Handbook of Child and Adolescent Anxiety Disorders

Abstract

Anxiety disorders cause severe impairment and disability with respect to an individual’s quality of life and social functioning, especially when untreated (Chavira, Stein, Bailey, & Stein, 2004a). Given the high prevalence of anxiety disorders, it is critical that the resulting impairment is understood, addressed, and prevented when possible. Estimations of lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders range between 8 and 27% (Costello, Egger, & Angold, 2005a) with age of onset occurring significantly earlier than for all other major mental disorders (Kessler, Chiu, Demler, Merikangas, & Walters, 2005). Rates of childhood anxiety disorders are estimated to be between 6 and 10%, representing the most highly prevalent form of psychopathology in children and adolescents (Briggs-Gowan, Horwitz, Schwab-Stone, Leventhal, & Leaf, 2000; McCracken, Walkup, & Koplewicz, 2002; Merikangas, Nakamura, & Kessler, 2009). Anxiety-related impairment among adults is associated with considerable economic costs related to medical care as well as decreased work productivity (Greenberg et al., 1999). In families with clinically anxious children, societal costs have been estimated to reach 20 times those incurred by families in the general population (Bodden, Dirksen, & Bögels, 2007). Anxiety disorder induced impairment in children includes difficulty in the school ­environment (Strauss, Lease, Kazdin, Dulcan, & Last, 1989), problematic social interactions (Dweck & Wortman, 1982; Essau, Conradt, & Petermann, 2000), and distress in family life (Bernstein, Borchardt, & Perwien, 1996; Turner, Beidel, & Costello, 1987), that can inhibit the successful completion of discrete developmental tasks (Silverman & Saavedra, 1998). Pediatric anxiety disorders are often unrecognized and undertreated (Chavira, Stein, Bailey, & Stein 2004b; Wren, Scholle, Heo, & Comer, 2003), and may lead to comorbid disorders such as depression or other mental disorders later in life (Kendall & Pimentel 2003; Kovacs, 1996).

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  1. Boston University School of Social Work, 264 Bay State Road, Boston, MA, 02215, USA

    Jordana Muroff

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    Dean McKay

  2. , Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry, a, University of South Florida, Tampa, 33612, Florida, USA

    Eric A. Storch

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Muroff, J., Ross, A. (2011). Social Disability and Impairment in Childhood Anxiety. In: McKay, D., Storch, E. (eds) Handbook of Child and Adolescent Anxiety Disorders. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7784-7_31

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