Implementation Science and Quality Improvement

Abstract

Quality improvement (QI), which seeks to achieve measurable changes in processes of care and outcomes, and implementation science, which studies the incorporation of evidence into practice, use specific tools, methods, frameworks, and study designs to achieve their goals within a local setting. This chapter: (1) introduces theories, frameworks, and models used in QI and implementation research; (2) describes QI and implementation strategies; (3) reviews the strengths and limitations of different research designs; (4) describes the role of context in QI and implementation; (5) discusses issues in measurement; (6) discusses opportunities for publication and funding, and (7) provides a list of resources for additional information and training. Although QI and implementation efforts are not always performed under the auspices of research, there is significant opportunity within these fields for scientific inquiry and for advancing the science of patient safety to improve the quality of care.