Abstract
Clinical: Autoimmune disorder of unclear etiology more commonly seen in females and black individuals. Presents with skin tightening and induration with a leathery, often shiny surface as well as alopecia. Areas of involvement include the face, trunk and fingers, and usually are bilateral with distal to proximal progression. Genetics are complex. Risk factors include HLA-DR3 or DR5 and a positive family history. Two subtypes exist: limited and diffuse cutaneous variants.
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Cockerell, C., Mihm, M.C., Hall, B.J., Chisholm, C., Jessup, C., Merola, M. (2014). Connective Tissue/Degenerative Disorders. In: Dermatopathology. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5448-8_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5448-8_6
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