Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The incidence and implications of residues of detergents and sanitizers in dairy products

  • Conference paper
Residue Reviews

Part of the book series: Residue Reviews ((RECT,volume 86))

Abstract

The milk and manufactured products processed in the dairy industry are particularly sensitive to the actions of microbiological contaminants. Consequently, hygiene programs incorporating detergents and sanitizers are applied routinely to cows and dairy equipment. The various applications of detergents and sanitizers along the milk production and processing chain are summarized in Figure 1.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Annibaldi, S., M. Nanni, and M. Pecorari: Effect of teat dipping with iodophors on the iodine content of milk. Sci. Tec. Casearia 27, 305 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atherton, H. V., and R. A. Johnson: Some aspects of milk quality after addition of dairy sanitation chemicals. Bull. 623, Univ. Vermont (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Babel, F. J.: Changes in the bacterial population of milk due to the addition of some chemical bactericides. J. Dairy Sci. 37, 635 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrios, J. V. G.: Iodine content in milk, urine and blood serum of cows through mineral feed and teat dips with iodophors. Thesis Tierarztliche Hochschule, Hanover G.D.R. (1976); through Dairy Sci. Abstr. 41, 5124 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartlett, P. G., and W. Schmidt: Surfactant-iodine complexes as germicides. Applied Microbiol. 5, 355 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Baumgartner, H., and H. Muller: Disinfection of teats with iodophors and chlorine preparations. Schweiz. Milchztg 100, 81 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • Baumgartner, H., and F. Vifian: Detection of milk contamination with chlorine-contain-ing disinfectants. Schweiz. Milchztg 102, 670 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  • Beljaars, P. R., and T. M. M. Rondags: Spectrodensitometric determination of chloramine-T in ice cream. J. Assoc. Official Anal. Chemists 61, 1415 (1978).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bester, B. H., and S. H. Lombard: Methods for determining inhibitory substances in milk. S. Afr. J. Dairy Technol. 6, 47 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Binder, W.: Maximum values for the freezing point of milk for use in the moni-toring of milk adulteration with water. Int. Dairy Congress IX, 465 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bloomberg, C. S., and W. G. Mizuno: Will iodophors discolor dairy equipment? Milk Products J. 53, 8 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Borneff, J.: Carcinogens in water and soil. IV. Feeding experiments with 3,4-benzopyrene and detergents. Archiv. Hyg. Bacteriol. 144, 249 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bouchez, D., and M. van Belleghem: Causes of non-curdling or slow-curdling of milk in the yoghurt test. Revue Agr. Brussels 24, 671 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brandi, E.: Problems associated with residues in milk and milk products. Wiener Tierarztl. Monatsschr. 60, 305 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandi, E. Residues of contaminant in milk. Ostmaerk Milchwirtsch. Ztg. 29, 305 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandi, E., and E. Neumeister: The influence of various udder disinfectants on milk flavour and the activity of starter cultures. Int. Dairy Congress IX, 741 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruhn, J. C., R. B. Bushnell, A. A. Franke, H. Weishart, G. H. Hutton, and G. C. Gurtle: The control of iodine in California milk and dairy products. Univ. California—Personal communication (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruhn, J. C., and A. A. Franke: Observations on the iodine concentration of Cali-fornia raw milk using a selective ion electrode. J. Dairy Sci. 61 (Suppl. 1), 99 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bruhn, J. C., and A. A. Franke: Observations on the iodine content of milk and milk products. J. Dairy Sci. 62 (Suppl. 1), 35 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruhn, J. C., and A. A. Franke, and R. B. Bushnell: Relationship between iodophors used for mastitis control and iodine concentrations in milk. J. Dairy Sci. 63(Suppl. 1), 124 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Calbert, H. E.: Residual effects of chemical sanitizers. Butter Cheese Milk Prod. J. 42, 30 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cantor, A., and S. Most: Milk iodides: Effect of iodophor teat dipping and udder washing and dietary iodide supplementation. J. Milk Food Technol. 39, 554 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chambers, G., and J. McDowell: Incidence and control of sodium hypochlorite in farm milk in Northern Ireland. Int. Dairy Congress XVI, C425 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Clegg, L. F. L.: Disinfection in the dairy industry. In M. A. Benarde (ed.): Dis-infection, p. 311. New York: Marcel Dekker (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Clegg, L. F. L., and V. Sarjeant: Effect of addition of quaternary ammonium compounds on the keeping quality of raw milk. Dairy Ind. 20, 486 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Connolly, R. J.: An increase in thyrotoxicosis in southern Tasmania after an increase in dietary iodine. Med. J. Aust. 1 1268 (1971 a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Connolly, R. J. The changing iodine environment of Tasmania. Med. J. Aust. 2, 1191 (1971 b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Conrad, L. M., and R. W. Hemken: Milk iodine as influenced by iodophor teat dip. J. Dairy Sci. 58, 752 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • Conrad, L. M., and R. W. Hemken: Milk iodine as influenced by an iodophor teat dip. J. Dairy Sci. 61, 776 (1978).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cook, N. R., A. F. Willis, and J. J. C. Stoke: Iodophors: A review of health problems associated with their use in dairy sheds. Wellington: N.Z. Dept. of Health (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cox, D. A., and C. McNamara: Residues in milk and milk products. I. Raw milk supply. Dairy Technol. 6, 38 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cramer, G.: The adhesive power of ampholyte soaps on the surfaces of solid bodies. Fette Seifen 60, 35 (1958).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Curry, J. C., and F. W. Barber: Inhibition of Streptococcus lactis by a quaternary ammonium compound in cheese milks. J. Milk Food Technol. 15, 278 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cutler, R. A., E. B. Cimijotti, T. J. Okolowich, and W. F. Wetterau: Alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chlorides. Soap Chem. Spec. 33, 84 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, W. S.: The use of sodium hypochlorites to preserve milk. Amer. J. Pub. Health. 20, 308 (1930).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, J. B.: Iodophors as detergent-sanitizers. J. Applied Bacteriol. 25, 195 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, J. B.: Chemical sterilization. Prog. Ind. Microbiol. 8, 141 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dodd, F. H., F. K. Neave, and R. G. Kingwill: The control of udder disease in cattle. Esso Farmer 17, 25 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dodd, F. H., W. H. Wanembong, and R. G. Kingwill: The effect of iodophor teat disinfection on the iodine content of milk. Int. Dairy Congress XX, 166 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubois, A. S. (1949): Cited by Lawrence (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubois, A. S., and D. D. Diblee: The influence of surface active cationic germicides on the bacterial population of milk. J. Milk Technol. 9, 260 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunsmore, D. G.: Iodophors and iodine in dairy products: I. The iodine content of Australian dairy products. Aust. J. Dairy Technol. 31, 125 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dunsmore, D. G., and A. M. Luckhurst: lodophor disinfectants in the dairy industry. Sydney: New South Wales Dept. Agr. (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunsmore, D. G., and C. Nuzum: Iodophors and iodine in diary products: 2. Udder washes and salves. Aust. J. Dairy Technol. 32 42 (1977 a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunsmore, D. G.,Iodophors and iodine in dairy products: 6. Farm vat cleaning.Aust. J. Dairy Technol. 32 124 (1977 b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunsmore, D. G. , B. T. Murphy, and I. H. Heyes: Cleaning solution residues in pipeline milking machines. N.Z. J. Dairy Sci. Technol. 12 152 (1977 a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunsmore, D. G. , C. Nuzum, and B. Dettman: Iodophors and iodine in dairy products: 3. Teat dipping. Aust. J. Dairy Technol. 32, 45 (1977 b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunsmore, D. G. , and J. M. Scott: Iodophors and iodine in dairy products: 7. Dairy factory cleaning. Aust. J. Dairy Technol. 32, 163 (1977 c).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunsmore, D. G. , and J. M. Scott , and S. M. Wheeler: Iodophors and iodine in dairy products: 4. Milking machine cleaning techniques. Aust. J. Dairy Technol. 32, 114 (1977 d).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunsmore, D. G., D. J. Stannard, and I. H. Heyes: Quaternary ammonium compound sanitizers in milk. N.Z. J. Dairy Sci. Technol. 13, 49 (1978).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dunsmore, D. G., and S. M. Wheeler: Iodophors and iodine in dairy products: 8. The total industry situation. Aust. J. Dairy Technol. 32, 166 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunsmore, D. G., and S. M. Wheeler , and R. N. Barnes: Iodophors and iodine in dairy products: 5. Milking machine design. Aust. J. Dairy Technol. 32, 119 (1977 e).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dychdala, G. R.: Acid-anionic surfactant sanitizers. In C. A. Lawrence and S. S. Block (eds.): Disinfection, sterilization and preservation, p. 278. New York: Wiley (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fair, G. M., J. C. Morris, S. L. Chang, I. Weil, and R. P. Burden: The behaviour of chlorine as a water disinfectant. J. Amer. Water Works Assoc. 40, 1051 (1948).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feagan, J. T., and D. Murnane: Investigations into the use of foaming detergentsanitizers. Aust. J. Dairy Technol. 20, 54 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finnegan, J. K., P. S. Larson, R. B. Smith, H. B. Haag, J. D. Reid, and U. L. Dreyfuss: Pharmocologic observations on two quaternary ammonium germicides. J. Pharmocol. Exp. Ther. 109, 422 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fluckiger, E.: The occurrence and significance of disinfectants in milk. Alimenta 13, 135 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, S., M. W. Burrill, T. W. Li, and A. C. Ivy: Enzyme-inhibitory action of an alkyl aryl sulphonate and its toxicity when ingested by rats, dogs and humans. Gastroenterol. 4, 332 (1945).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freke, C. D., and R. Booker: Effect of common dairy farm detergents and sanitizers on the standard test for antibiotic residues. N.Z. J. Dairy Sci. Technol. 15, 87 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Friberg, L.: Quantitative studies on the reaction of chlorine with bacteria in water disinfection. Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. 38, 127 (1956).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fuchs, B., and F. J. Ingelfinger: The effect of detergent on internal digestion.Gasteroenterol. 27, 802 (1954).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Funke, H., K. Iwarsson, S.-O. Olsson, P. Salomonsson, and P. Strandberg: The effect of teat dipping with iodophors on udder health and the iodine content of milk. Nord. Veterinaer Med. 27, 270 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gelda, C. S., E. L. Thomas, J. J. Jezeski, W. G. Mizuno, and E. D. Berglund: Effects of added iodine on milk and some of its components. J. Dairy Sci. 45, 663 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gershenfeld, L.: In A. F. Reddish (ed.): Antiseptics, disinfectants, fungicides, and chemical and physical sterilisation, pp. 223–260. Philadelphia: Lea and Feabiger (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gloxhuber, C.: Toxicological properties of surfactants. Arch. Toxicol. 32, 245 (1974).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gorner, F., M. Menyhartova, and J. Knopp: Changes in the iodine content of milk. Prum. Potravin. 27, 686 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green, D. E., and P. K. Stumpf: The mode of action of chlorine. J. Amer. Water Works Assoc. 38, 1301 (1946).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grove, H.-H., and G. Terplan: Evaluation of teat dip preparations from the legal viewpoint. Dtsch. Molk. Ztg. 100, 398 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • van de Haar, G., and G. Veenkamp (1977): Cited by Beljaars and Rondags (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, W. A.: Membrane active antibacterial compounds. In W. B. Hugo (ed.): Inhibition and destruction of the microbial cell, pp. 77–93. London: Academic Press (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hannaford, B. D.: Iodine levels in Adelaide’s milk. Int. Dairy Congress XX, 44 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, S. R.: Udder hygiene. Studies on the disinfection of cotton and polyester udder towels used according to the method “the same towel for a number of cows”. Nord. Veterinaer Med. 23, 212 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harding, F., and J. L. Morris: Chlorophenol taints in liquid milk. Int. Dairy Congress XX, 117 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  • Harding, F., and J. L. Morris, and L. Royal: The effect of detergent-sterilizing agents on the freezing point depression of milk. Int. Dairy Congress XVIII, 531 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hauser, G. H., and W. H. King: Preservative, chemical and bacterial effect of hypochlorite solution added to milk. J. Assoc. Official Agr. Chemists 28, 417 (1945).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heeschen, W.: Residues of drugs, antihelmintics and teat dips in milk and milk products. Int. Dairy Fed., A-Doc 46 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hekmati, M., and R. L. Bradley: Effect of milk constituents on the persistence of sodium hypochlorite sanitizer. J. Dairy Sci. 62, 47 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hemken, R. W.: Factors that influence the iodine content of milk and meat: A review. J. Animal Sci. 48, 981 (1979).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hemken, R. W., L. S. Bull, and R. C. Bull: Effect of iodine udder wash and teat dip on milk iodine content. J. Dairy Sci. 61 (Suppl. 1), 128(1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hobbiger, A.: The effect on milk of traces of cleaning and disinfecting agents in milk pipelines. Int. Dairy Congress XV, 258 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ingleton, N., and D. Tulloch: Effect of chemical sterilizers on cheese starter culture. Aust. J. Dairy Technol. 17, 184 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Isomaa, B.: Absorption, distribution and excretion of (14C) CTAB, a quaternary ammonium urfactant in the rat. Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 13, 231 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iwarrson, K., and L. Ekman: The effect of a post-milking teat dip on the iodine concentration of bulk herd milk. Acta Vet. Scand. 14, 338 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jennings, W. G.: Theory and practice of hard surface cleaning. Adv. Food Res. 14, 326 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, J. M., G. M. Trout, and J. R. Brunner: Iodophors. 1. Effect on flavour of milk and other observations. J. Dairy Sci. 46, 799 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jepsen, A.: Residues of disinfectants and antibiotics in milk. In: Milk hygiene. Geneva: World Health Organisation (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Joerin, M. M., and A. Bowering: The total iodine content of cow’s milk. N.Z. J. Dairy Sci. Technol. 7, 155 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johns, C. K.: Use of sanitizers for preventing intra-mammary infections. J. Milk Food Technol. 29, 309 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Johns, C. K., and I. Berzins: Iodophors as preservatives for milk. J. Milk Food Tech-nol. 17, 10 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Joyce, D. A., and D. Barnes: The effect of dairy disinfectants on the Intertest method for the detection of antibiotics in milk. J. Soc. Dairy Technol. 32, 203 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kauss, U., and O. Kandler: The effect of quaternary ammonium compounds on flavour fermentation in butter cultures. Dtsch. Molk. Ztg. 83, 1428 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerherve, L., and J. Richard: Effect of residues of disinfectants in milk on activ-ity of several species of lactic streptococci. Rev. Lait Fr. 291, 717 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiermeier, F. (1955): Cited by Terplan and Zaadhof (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiermeier, F., G. Wildbrett, O. Kandler, and H. Frank: Testing of detergents and disinfectants used in the dairy industry. Arb. DLG 100, 44pp. (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Knopp, J. (1975): Cited by Gorner et al. (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  • Knox, W. E., P. K. Stumpf, D. E. Green, and V. H. Auerbach: The inhibition of sulphydryl enzymes as the basis of the bactericidal action of chlorine. J. Bacteriol. 55, 451 (1948).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kondrativa, T. S., V. A. Belogurova, and O. N. Davydova: Anti-microbial activity of some quaternary ammonium compounds bound to benzalkonium chloride. Farmakol. Toksikol. Moscow 35, 471 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kosikowsky, F. V., R. W. Henningson, and G. J. Silverman: The incidence of antibiotics, sulfa drugs and quaternary ammonium compounds in the fluid milk supply of New York State. J. Dairy Sci. 35, 533 (1952).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kraak, J., and J. Reichmuth: Determination of inhibitory substances in milk by the brilliant black reduction test. II. Inhibitory effect of other substances on the growth of Bacillus stearothermophilus var. calidolactis. Arch. Lebensmittelhyg. 22, 82 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreuzer, W.: Present-day knowledge on milk hygiene with particular reference to the problem of residues. Wien. Tierarztl. Monatsschr. 61, 57 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kroger, M.: Chemical contaminants in milk. Milchwissenschaft 28, 753 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krsev, L.: Disinfectants in the dairy industry. Mljekarstvo 29, 139 (1979).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kruger, K. E.: The possibility of getting a false idea of the quality of milk to which a sterilizing agent has been added. Arch. Lebensmittelhyg. 16, 156 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kulikovsky, A., H. S. Pankratz, and H. L. Sadoff: Ultra-structural and chemical changes in spores of Bacillus cereus after action of disinfectants. J. Applied Bacteriol. 38, 39 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kurkela, P., A. Viiala, and E. Kaantee: Chlorine residues in farm milk following the use of two disinfectants of different solubilities. Nord. Veterinaer Med. 29, 392 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence, C. A.: Quaternary ammonia surface-active disinfectants. In: Lawrence, C. A. and S. S. Block (eds.): Disinfection, sterilization and preservation, p. 430. Philadelphia: Lea and Feabiger (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus, N. E.: Iodine bactericides in the dairy industry. J. Milk Technol. 17, 144 (1954).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leali, L., G. Ruffo, and P. Pelizzatti: Study of antibiotics and inhibitory substances in milk. II. Inhibitory substances. Latte 37, 925 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Leonards, J. L., and P. R. Davoren: A semi-automatic determinaion of protein-bound iodine. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 102, 83 (1962).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leth-Jorgensen, K.: Ensuring hygienic quality of producers’ water supplies on the basis of examination during milk recordings. Dan. Vet. Tidsskr. 58, 313 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, P. A., R. W. Hemken, and W. L. Crist: The effect of teat dip viscosity on milk iodine levels. J. Dairy Sci. 63(Suppl. 1), 182 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lickfeld, K. G.: Electron-microscopic studies on morphological changes in bacteria under the influence of disinfectants. II. The bactericidal action of ampholytic soap on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Zentralbi. Bakteriol. Parisitenk. Infektionskr. Hyg. Abt. Orig. 199, 72 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Limmer, H.-D.: Inhibitory substances in milk. Molk. Ztg Hildesheim Ger. 23 123 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindgren, B.: The effect of certain disinfectants on starter cultures. Sven. Mejeritidn. 44, 193 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindgren, B., Tego 51, a new disinfectant for agriculture and dairies. Sven. Mejeri-tidn. 45, 491 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ljunggren, B.: The presence of chlorine in some dairy products. Sven. Mjeritidn. 49 699 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lochhead, A. G.: Report of the Dominion Agricultural Bacteriologist for the years 1929 and 1930. Ottawa: Dept. Agr. (1930).

    Google Scholar 

  • Longworth, A. R.: Chlorhexidine. In: W. B. Hugo (ed.): Inhibition and destruction of the microbial cell. New York: Academic Press (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lundstedt, E.: Don’t let quats ruin that flavour. Food Ind. 22, 2056 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mannaert, P.: Detergents and disinfectants. Int. Dairy Fed., Bull. 113 57 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Marks, H. C., O. Wyss, and F. B. Strandskov: Studies on the mode of action of compounds containing available chlorine. J. Bacteriol. 49, 299 (1945).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKenzie, D. A., and E. M. K. Booker: Observations on the effect of added hypochlorite on the numbers and kinds of bacteria in milk. J. Applied Bact. 18, 401 (1955).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKenzie, D. A., J. Lambert, and J. Wolf ( 1947 ): Cited by McKenzie, D. A. and E. M. K. Booker (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Metropolitan Milk Board of South Australia: Personal communication (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, M.: Residues of disinfectants in milk and milk products. Dtsch. Molk. Ztg 94, 224 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, D. D., and P. R. Elliker: Effect of quaternary ammonium compounds on activity of lactic acid starter bacteria in milk and cheese. J. Dairy Sci. 34, 279 (1951).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mohr, W., R. Junger, and E. Weinert: Evaluation of the cleaning action of detergents for use in straight-through can-washing machines. Kieler Milch-wirtsch. Forschungsber. 5, 207 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, A. V.: The effect of quaternary ammonium sanitizers on the quality of milk. South. Dairy Prod. J. 44, 62 (1948).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mrozek, H.: Disinfecting agents for dairy farm equipment. Dtsch. Milchwirtsch. Leipzig 20 652 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mueller, W. S.: How much quaternary gets into milk? Amer. Milk Rev. 14, 95 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mull, L. E., and E. L. Fouts: Some observations on the use of Rocca1. J. Milk Food Technol. 10, 102 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  • Munch, S., D. Enkelmann, and I. Prinz: The detection of milk adulterated to obtain prolonged reduction times. Milchwissenschaft 25, 468 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray, J. G., and G. Chambers: The incidence and effects of NaOC1 in farm milk supplies. Res. Exp. Rec. Min. Agr. N. Ireland 9, 107 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neave, F. K.: The control of mastitis by hygiene. In: F. H. Dodd and F. R. Jackson (eds.): Control of bovine mastitis. Shinfield: Nat. Inst. Res. in Dairying (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Neumeister, E.: Evaluation of chemical disinfectants intended for use in mastitis control programmes. Wien. Tieraerztl. Monatsschr. 60, 227 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • Newbold, F. H. S., and D. A. Barnum: The effect of germicide used for udder washing on the numbers of micrococci on teat cup liners. J. Milk Food Technol. 21, 306 (1958 a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Newbold, F. H. S., and D. A. Barnum, The effect of dipping cow’s’ teats in a germicide after milking on the numbers of micrococci on teat cup liners. J. Milk Food Technol. 21, 348 (1958 b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Newell, G. J.: The measurement of residual water in milking machines: a more general procedure. Milchwissenschaft 35, 419 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nikolov, N. M.; Inhibitory effects of active chlorine and detergent residues on yoghurt microflora. Khranitelna Promishlenost 21, 39 (1972); through Dairy Sci. Abstr. 37, 3592 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • Obiger, G.: Problem of foreign substances and hormones in raw milk and their determination—Detection of inhibitory compounds by the Brilliant Black dye reduction test. Arch. Lebensmittelhyg. 21, 209 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pain, R. W.: Unusual variants of hyperthyroidism. S. Aust. Clinics 6, 59 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, J.: Interference of sanitizers with antibiotic disc assay testing of milk. J. Milk Food Technol. 27, 311 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, J., and J. O’Shea: Cold circulation cleaning of milking machines. Irish J.Agr. Res. 12, 175 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearce, L. E.: The effect of a chlorinated phenol disinfectant on starter activity and cheese flavour. N.Z. J. Dairy Sci. Technol. 11, A51 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearce, L. E., Quaternary ammonium detergent sanitizers and starter activity. N.Z. J.Dairy Sci. Technol. 13, 56 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  • Petri, H. (1961): Cited by Tolle et al. (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfeiffer, G.: Influence of disinfectants on milk hygiene. Munich: Inaug. Diss., 54pp. (1963): Cited by Fluckiger (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • Philpot, W. N.: Research report, Louisiana State Univ. (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pietz, P.: Studies on the chemical detection of sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide in delivered raw milk and standardized whole market milk and their reduction times. Milchwissenschaft 14, 442 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pont, E. G., and W. P. Rogers: The organoleptic detection of sodium hypochlorite in milk and the effect of its presence on the methylene blue test. Aust. J. Dairy Technol. 14, 67 (1959 a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pont, E. G., and W. P. Rogers, A survey of the incidence of sodium hypochlorite in farm milks. Aust. J. Dairy Technol. 14, 71 (1959 b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Posthumus, G.: Detergent and disinfectant residues in milk. Officieel Org. K. Ned. Zuivelbond. 60, 214 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Prince, R. J., A. Seaman, and M. Woodbine: The assessment of quaternary am-monium compounds in dairy hygiene. Dairy Sci. Abstr. 23, 569 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rammell, C. G., and A. Splite: The analysis and properties of iodophor cleansers.Aust. J. Dairy Technol. 21, 51 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Randolph, H. E., J. L. Bucy, and T. A. Freeman: Effect of hypochlorite on the catalase test. J. Dairy Sci. 49, 685 (1966).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rehm, W. F.: Studies on the detection of so-called inhibitory substances in milk. Int. Dairy Congress XVI, C487 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Richard, J., and L. Kerherve: Effect of disinfectant residues on 2 methods for the detection of antibiotics in raw milk. Rev. Lait Fr. 306, 127 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • Romain, J.: Binding of radioactive iodine by proteins of cow’s and ewe’s milk. These 11 Ec. Nationale Vet. D’Alfort (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruegsetter, G. J., and L. H. Schultz: Iodine in field milk samples. J. Dairy Sci. 63 (Suppl. 1), 115 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruffo, G., and A. Socci: Further studies on the detection of antibiotics in milk. Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Vet. 19, 556 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruffo, G., and A. Socci, Study of antibiotics and inhibitory substances in milk. IV.The method of Galesloot and Hassing. Latte 40, 29 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheybal, A., T. Gabrio, E. Kirst, K. Schmidt, and S. Neubert: Contamination of milk after post milking disinfection with iodophors. Nahrung 24, 563 (1980).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schulz, M. E. (1952): Cited by Seelemann and Wegener (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schumacher, E.: Contamination of milk by iodine and nonoxinol due to teat dipping with Lorasol CCT. Milchwissenschaft 30, 333 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwarz, H., and M. Krause: Effect of disinfectants on the resazurin test. Mh. Vet. Med. 22, 271 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, J. M., L. O. Smith, D. G. Dunsmore, and E. B. Detman: A comparison of cleaning systems for refrigerated farm bulk milk tanks. Aust. J. Dairy Technol. 30, 29 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • Scotter, A., and D. J. Stannard: The determination of phenol residues in dairy products. N.Z. J. Dairy Sci. Technol. 12, 140 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  • Seelemann, M., and K. H. Wegener: Influence on milk of disinfectants. Kiel. Milchwirtsch. Forschungsber. 8, 381 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheldrake, R. F., and R. J. T. Hoare: Post milking iodine teat skin disinfectants. 2. New intramammary infection rates. J. Dairy Res. 47, 27 (1980).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheldrake, R. F., and R. J. T. Hoare, S. T. Chen, and J. McPhillips: Post milking iodine teat skin disinfectants. 3. Residues. J. Dairy Res. 47, 33 (1980).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silverman, G. J., and F. Y. Kosikowsky: Systematic testing of inhibitory substances in milk. J. Milk Food Technol. 15, 120 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, D. S., and R. R. Zall: Inhibition, fermentation and dye color changes for detecting adulterants in milk. Cult. Dairy Prod. J. 12, 11 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sotlar, M.: Residues of detergents and sterilizers in milk. I. Effect of chemical residues on contents of microorganisms in raw milk. Zb. Bioteh. Fak. Univ. Ljubl. 20, 103 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sotlar, M., and A. Arsov: Residues of detergents and sterilizers in milk. II. Effect of residues on microbiological and technological properties of milk. Zb. Bioteh. Fak. Univ. Ljubl. 22, 109 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, J. C., and G. I. Vidor: Thyrotoxicosis induced by iodine contamination of food—A common unrecognised condition ? Br. Med. J. 1, 372 (1976).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stickler, D. J.: Chlorhexidine resistance in Proteus mirabilis. J. Clin. Pathol. 27, 284 (1974).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stockl, W. Von, and M. Weiser: Total I content of milk after disinfection of the udder with Iosan. Milchwissenschaft 23, 553 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Swartling, P.: The influence of the use of detergents and sanitizers on the farm with regard to the quality of milk and milk products. Dairy Sci. Abstr. 21, 1 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sykes, G.: Disinfection and sterilization. London: Spon (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Szego, M.: Relationship between structure and germicidal effect of quaternary ammonium compounds and the loss of efficiency due to proteins. Int.Dairy Congress XVII, 517 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tasmanian Thyroid Advisory Committee: Study in disease surveillance 19501979. Med. J. Aust. 2, 234 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Terplan, G.: Legal aspects of teat disinfection. Milchwissenschaft 31, 16 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  • Terplan, G., J. Deneke, H. H. Grove, E. Hallermayer, and J. Meyer: Determination and significance of iodine and chlorine residues in milk after teat dipping. Arch. Lebensmittelhyg. 26, 180 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Terplan, G., and H. U. Wiesner: Legal judgment on teat disinfection. Berl. Muench.Tierarztl. Wochenschr. 89, 41 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Terplan, G., and K. J. Zaadhof: A brief review of the incidence and detection of inhibitors in milk. Milchwissenschaft 22, 761 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, S. B., P. M. Hobson, and E. R. Bird: Incidence of hypochlorite in farm milk supplies. Dairy Ind. 24, 686 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Toba, T., S. Adachi, and I. Arai: Sunlight and sodium hypochlorite induced color changes in milk. J. Dairy Sci. 63, 1796 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tolle, A., W. Heeschen, A. Bluthgen, J. Hamann, and J. Reichmuth: Residues of pesticides and chemicals in milk: study of their detection, occurrence and public health importance. Kiel. Milchwirtsch. Forschungber. 25, 369 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tucker, V. C.: Sanitizers and industry problems. Proc. Aust. Dairy Technol. Review Conf., pp. 9–20. Canberra: CSIRO (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tulloch, D., and N. Ingleton: The effect of chemical sterilizers on two tests for antibiotic residues in milk. Aust. J. Dairy Technol. 17, 184 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Twomey, A.: Iodophors: Their physical, chemical and bactericidal properties, and use in the dairy industry—A review. Aust. J. Dairy Technol. 24, 162 (1968) and 25, 29 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Twomey, A., and M. A. Arnold: Teat sanitizers in mastitis control. N.Z. Farmer 15(Suppl.), 16(1976).

    Google Scholar 

  • Twomey, A., and M. M. Joerin: Iodine in milk. Med. J. Aust. 1, 941 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Twomey, A., and E. Joyce: Chemical sterilants in milk—I. Organoleptically discern-able levels and effect on keeping quality. Personal communication (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Uusi-Rauva, E., E. Tanhuanpaa, and A. Uusi-Rauva: Transfer of iodine from teat dip into milk and udder tissue. Suom. Elainlaakaril. 79, 727 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • Verbina, N. M., L. S. Smirnova, and R. N. Danichenko: Antibacterial activity of some quaternary ammonium compounds. Prikl. Biokhim. Mikrobiol. 9, 575 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vries, T. De, and J. T. Nuninga: A simple method for determining the amount of residual water in milking equipment. Officieel Org. K. Ned. Zuivelbond 66, 91 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wajda, A.: Study of toxic effects of low Sterinol concentrations on selected strains of bacteria. I. Effect of acidifying activity of lactic acid bacteria. Zesz. Nauk. Akad. Roln.-Tech. Okztynie 151, 113 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  • Washam, C. J., W. E. Sandine, and P. R. Elliker: A strain of -Pseudomonas aerug-inosa resistant to a quaternary ammonium compound. J. Milk Food Technol. 39, 101 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler, A. M.: Iodophor sanitizers in the dairy industry. M.Sc. Thesis, Univ. New South Wales (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler, A. M., and R. J. Ashley: A method for estimating total iodine concentration in dilute iodophors and a study of changes in iodophors during milking machine sanitation. N.Z. J. Dairy Sci. Technol. 13, 106 (1978).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler, A. M., and R. J. Ashley, and T. B. Brock: The measurement of residual water in milk-ing machines. Milchwissenschaft 33, 145 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  • Whelton, T. D., and J. Foley: The effect of iodophors on the flavour of milk and on the activity of lactic cultures. J. Dept. Agr. Fish Repub. Ireland 54, 128 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wildbrett, G.: Determination of phenols in disinfectants for dairy farms. Fette Seifen 57, 245 (1955).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wildbrett, G. (1957): Cited by Fluckiger (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wildbrett, G. The significance of adherent residues of cationic disinfectants in the dairy industry. Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. 118, 1 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wildbrett, G., and M. Miller: Photometric microdetermination of residues of quater-nary ammonium compounds in milk. Disturbances by milk constituents. Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. 152, 79 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wildbrett, G., and F. Kiermeier: Photometric microdetermination of residues of quaternary ammonium compounds in milk. Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. 146, 216 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkowske, H. H., and W. A. Krienke: Inhibitory substances in milk. J. Milk Food TechnoL 18, 254 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilmering, H.: Method and equipment for cleaning and disinfection of pipeline milking machines. Germ. Fed. Repub. Pat. Applied 1692 327; through Dairy Sci. Abstr. 34, 3619 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, C. D.: Mastitis control. Agriculture, London 73, 106 (1966). Wilson, G. S. (1938): Cited by McKenzie and Booker (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, R. C., and E. B. Anderson: A test for traces of oxidising agents in milk. Analyst 63, 252 (1938).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, D. E., and W. G. Whittlestone: The adsorption of cetyl-trimethylammonium bromide (cetrimide) by metal surfaces. Aust. J. Dairy Technol. 22, 28 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zagt, R.: Sterilization with an iodophor preparation in the dairy industry. Mis-set’s Zuivel 71, 628 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zall, R. R.: The problems of cleaning residuals: Cause and effect. Amer. Dairy Review 38, 33 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zall, R. R., The effect of cleaning residuals in milk for cheese making. Dairy Ind.Int. 43, 12 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman, W. (1965): Cited by Tolle et al. (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zollikofer, E.: The effect of milk contamination with small quantities of the disinfectant Iosan. Zurich: Eidg. Technische Hochschule Milchtechrisches Inst. (1967).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dairy Research Centre, P.O. Box 217, Richmond, N.S.W., 2753, Australia

    David G. Dunsmore

Authors
  1. David G. Dunsmore
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Entomology, University of California, 92521, Riverside, California, USA

    Francis A. Gunther

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1983 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this paper

Cite this paper

Dunsmore, D.G. (1983). The incidence and implications of residues of detergents and sanitizers in dairy products. In: Gunther, F.A. (eds) Residue Reviews. Residue Reviews, vol 86. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5473-7_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5473-7_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-5475-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-5473-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation