Abstract
The biologic activity of tumor DNA, detected by transfection of NIH 3T3 mouse cells, has led to the identification of transforming genes which are activated in a variety of human and animal neoplasms. The DNA of many tumors efficiently induces transformation of NIH 3T3 cells. In contrast, the DNA of normal cells lacks efficient transforming activity, even the normal DNA of the same individual animals or patients whose tumor DNA induces transformation. These findings imply that the development of many neoplasms involves dominant genetic alterations leading to activation of transforming genes, which are then detectable by their biologic activity in this gene transfer assay.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Cooper GM and Neiman PE (1980). Transforming genes of neoplasms induced by avian lymphoid leukosis viruses. Nature 287: 656–658.
Krontiris TG and Cooper GM (1981). Transforming activity of human tumor DNAs. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 78: 1181–1184.
Shih C, Padhy LC, Murray M and Weinberg RA (1981). Transforming genes of carcinomas and neuroblastomas introduced into mouse fibroblasts. Nature 290: 261–264.
Der CJ, Krontiris TG and Cooper GM (1982). Transforming genes of human bladder and lung carcinoma cell lines are homologous to the ras genes of Harvey and Kirsten sarcoma viruses. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 79: 3637–3640.
Parada LF, Tabin CJ, Shih C and Weinberg RA (1982). Human EJ bladder carcinoma oncogene is homologue of Harvey sarcoma virus ras gene. Nature 297: 474–478.
Santos E, Tronick SR, Aaronson SA et al. (1982). T24 human bladder carcinoma oncogene is an activated form of the normal human homologue of BALB–and Harvey–msv transforming genes. Nature 298: 343–347.
Hall A, Marshall CJ, Spun NK and Weiss RA (1983). Identification of transforming gene in two human sarcoma cell lines as a new member of the ras gene family located on chromosome 1. Nature 303: 396–400.
Shimizu K, Goldfarb M, Perucho M and Wigler M (1983). Isolation and preliminary characterization of the transforming gene of a human neuroblastoma cell line. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 80: 383–387.
Albino AP, LeStrange R, Oliff AI et al. (1984). Transforming ras genes from human melanoma: A manifestation of tumour heterogeneity? Nature 308: 69–72.
Lane M-A, Sainten A and Cooper GM (1982). Stage-specific transforming genes of human and mouse B- and T-lymphocyte neoplasms. Cell 28: 873–880.
Diamond AD, Cooper GM, Ritz J and Lane MA (1983). Identification and molecular cloning of the human blym transforming gene activated in Burkitt’s lymphomas. Nature 305: 112–116.
Lane M-A, Sainten A, Doherty KM and Cooper GM (1984). Isolation and characterization of a stage-specific transforming gene, Thym-1, from T-cell lymphomas. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 81: 2227–2231.
Chang EH, Furth ME, Scolnick EM and Lowy DR (1982). Tumorigenic transformation of mammalian cells induced by a normal human gene homologous to the oncogene of Harvey murine sarcoma virus. Nature 297: 497–483.
Capon DJ, Chen EY, Levinson AD et al. (1983). Complete nucleotide sequences of the T24 human bladder carcinoma oncogene and its normal homologue. Nature 302: 33–37.
Capon DJ, Seeburg PH, McGrath JP et al. (1983). Activation of ki-ras2 gene in human colon and lung carcinomas by two different point mutations. Nature 304: 507–513.
Der CJ and Cooper GM (1983). Altered gene products are associated with activation of cellular rasé genes in human lung and colon carcinomas. Cell 32: 201–208.
Reddy EP, Reynolds RK, Santos E and Barbacid M (1982). A point mutation is responsible for the acquisition of transforming properties by the T24 human bladder carcinoma oncogene. Nature 300: 149–152.
Shimizu K, Birnbaum D, Ruley MA et al. (1983). Structure of the ki-ras gene of the human lung carcinoma cell line Calu-1. Nature 304: 497–500.
Tabin CJ, Bradley SM, Bargmann CI et al. (1982). Mechanism of activation of a human oncogene. Nature 300: 143–149.
Taparowsky E, Suard Y, Fasano O et al. (1982). Activation of the T24 bladder carcinoma transforming gene is linked to a single amino acid change. Nature 300: 762–765.
Taparowsky E, Shimizu K, Goldfarb M and Wigler M (1983). Structure and activation of the human n-ras gene. Cell 34: 581–586.
Yuasa Y, Srivastava SK, Dunn CY et al. (1983). Acquisition of transforming properties by alternative point mutations within c-ras/n-ras human proto-oncogene. Nature 303: 775–779.
Furth ME, Davis LJ, Fleurdelys B and Scolnick EM (1982). Monoclonal antibodies to the p21 products of the transforming gene of Harvey murine sarcoma virus and of the cellular ras gene family. J Viral 43: 294–304.
Willingham MC, Pastan I, Shih TY and Scolnick EM (1980). Localization of the src gene product of the Harvey strain of msv to plasma membrane of transformed cells by electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. Cell 19: 1005–1014.
Sefton BM, Trowbridge IS, Cooper JA and Scolnick EM (1982). The transforming proteins of Rous sarcoma virus, Harvey sarcoma virus and Abelson virus contain tightly bound lipid. Cell 31: 465–474.
Scolnick EM, Papageorge AG and Shih TY (1979). Guanine nucleotide-binding activity as an assay for src protein of ras-derived murine sarcoma viruses. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 76: 5355–5359.
Finkel T, Der CJ and Cooper GM (1984). Activation of ras genes in human tumors does not affect localization, modification, or nucleotide binding properties of p21. Cell 37: 151–158.
Finkel T and Cooper GM (1984). Detection of a molecular complex between ras proteins and transferrin receptor. Cell 36: 1115–1121.
Gilman AG (1984). G proteins and dual control of adenylate cyclase. Cell 36: 577–579.
Goubin G, Goldman DS, Luce J et al. (1983). Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of a transforming gene detected by transfection of chicken B-cell lymphoma DNA. Nature 302: 114–119.
Hayward WS, Neel BG and Astrin SM (1981). Activation of a cellular oncogene by promoter insertion in ALV-induced lymphoid leukosis. Nature 290: 475–480.
Cooper GM and Neiman PE (1981). Two distinct candidate transforming genes of lymphoid leukosis virus-induced neoplasms. Nature 292: 857–858.
Dalla-Favera R, Bregni M, Erikson J et al. (1982). Human c-myc one gene is located on the region of chromosome 8 that is translocated in Burkitt lymphoma cells. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 79: 7824–7827.
Taub R, Kirsch I, Morton C et al. (1982). Translocation of the c-myc gene into the immunoglobin heavy chain locus in human Burkitt lymphoma and murine plasmacytoma cells. Proc Nat Acad Sci Usa 79: 7837–7841.
Morton CC, Taub R, Diamon A et al. (1984). Mapping of the human Blym-1 transforming gene activated in Burkitt lymphomas to chromosome 1. Science 223: 173–175.
Neiman PE, Jordan L, Weiss RA and Payne LN (1980). Malignant lymphoma of the bursa of Fabricus. Analysis of early transformation. Cold Spring Harbor Conf on Cell Proliferation 7: 519–528.
Bister K, Jansen HW, Graf T et al. (1983). Genome structure of HBI, a variant of acute leukemia virus MC29 with unique oncogenic properties. J Virol 46: 337–356.
Shen-Ong GLC, Keath EJ, Piccoli SP and Cole MD (1982). Novel myc oncogene RNA from abortive immunoglobin-gene recombination in mouse plasmacytomas. Cell 31: 443–452.
Crews S, Barth R, Hood L et al. (1982). Mouse c-myc oncogene is located on chromosome 15 and translocated to chromosome 12 in plasmacytomas. Science 218: 1319–1321.
Lane M-A, Neary D and Cooper GM (1982). Activation of a cellular transforming gene in tumours induced by Abelson murine leukaemia virus. Nature 300: 659–661.
Tsichlis PN, Strauss PG and Hu LF (1983). A common region for proviral DNA integration in Mo MuLV-induced rat thymic lymphomas. Nature 302: 445–449.
Nusse R and Varmus HE (1982). Many tumors induced by the mouse mammary tumor virus contain a provirus integrated in the same region of the host genome. Cell 31: 99–109.
Peters G, Brookes S, Smith R and Dickson C (1983). Tumorigenesis by mouse mammary tumor virus: Evidence for a common region for provirus integration in mammary tumors. Cell 33: 369–377.
Lane M-A, Sainten A and Cooper GM (1981). Activation of related transforming genes in mouse and human mammary carcinomas. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 78: 5185–5189.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1985 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Boston
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Cooper, G.M. (1985). Oncogenes in human neoplasms. In: Cavalli, F., Bonadonna, G., Rozencweig, M. (eds) Malignant Lymphomas and Hodgkin’s Disease: Experimental and Therapeutic Advances. Developments in Oncology, vol 32. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2607-6_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2607-6_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9632-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-2607-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive